A Comparative Study on Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiencies from W/ferromagnetic and W/ferrimagnetic Heterostructures

Abstract

It has been shown that W in its resistive form possesses the largest spin-Hall ratio among all heavy transition metals, which makes it a good candidate for generating efficient dampinglike spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) acting upon adjacent ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic (FM) layer. Here we provide a systematic study on the spin transport properties of W/FM magnetic heterostructures with the FM layer being ferromagnetic Co${}_{20}$Fe${}_{60}$B${}_{20}$ or ferrimagnetic Co${}_{63}$Tb${}_{37}$ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The DL-SOT efficiency $|{\xi }_{DL}|$, which is characterized by a current-induced hysteresis loop shift method, is found to be correlated to the microstructure of W buffer layer in both W/Co${}_{20}$Fe${}_{60}$B${}_{20}$ and W/Co${}_{63}$Tb${}_{37}$ systems. Maximum values of $|{\xi }_{DL}|\approx 0.144$ and $|{\xi }_{DL}|\approx 0.116$ are achieved when the W layer is partially amorphous in the W/Co${}_{20}$Fe${}_{60}$B${}_{20}$ and W/Co${}_{63}$Tb${}_{37}$ heterostructures, respectively. Our results suggest that the spin Hall effect from resistive phase of W can be utilized to effectively control both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic layers through a DL-SOT mechanism.

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