The inverse thermal spin-orbit torque and the relation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to ground-state energy currents

Abstract

Using the Kubo linear-response formalism we derive expressions to calculate the heat current generated by magnetization dynamics in magnets with broken inversion symmetry and spin-orbit interaction (SOI). The effect of producing heat currents by magnetization dynamics constitutes the Onsager reciprocal of the thermal spin-orbit torque (TSOT), i.e., the generation of torques on the magnetization due to temperature gradients. We find that the energy current driven by magnetization dynamics contains a contribution from the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which needs to be subtracted from the Kubo linear response of the energy current in order to extract the heat current. We show that the expressions of the DMI coefficient can be derived elegantly from the DMI energy current. Guided by formal analogies between the Berry phase theory of DMI on the one hand and the modern theory of orbital magnetization on the other hand we are led to an interpretation of the latter in terms of energy currents as well. Based on \textit{ab-initio} calculations we investigate the heat current driven by magnetization dynamics in Mn/W(001) magnetic bilayers. We predict that fast domain walls drive strong ITSOT heat currents.

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• Geometrical contributions to the exchange constants: Free electrons with spin-orbit interaction
• Pumping of magnons in a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya ferromagnet
• Spin-orbit torques and tunable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Co/Cu/Co trilayers
• Charge pumping driven by the laser-induced dynamics of the exchange splitting
• Dynamical and current-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: Role for damping, gyromagnetism, and current-induced torques in noncollinear magnets
• Thermal Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics