Tunable spin-orbit coupling and symmetry-protected edge states in graphene/WS${}_2$

Abstract

We demonstrate clear weak anti-localization (WAL) effect arising from induced Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in WS${}_2$-covered single-layer and bilayer graphene devices. Contrary to the uncovered region of a shared single-layer graphene flake, WAL in WS${}_2$-covered graphene occurs over a wide range of carrier densities on both electron and hole sides. At high carrier densities, we estimate the Rashba SOC relaxation rate to be $\sim 0.2{\mathrm{ps}}^{-1}$ and show that it can be tuned by transverse electric fields. In addition to the Rashba SOC, we also predict the existence of a `valley-Zeeman' SOC from first-principles calculations. The interplay between these two SOC's can open a non-topological but interesting gap in graphene; in particular, zigzag boundaries host four sub-gap edge states protected by time-reversal and crystalline symmetries. The graphene/WS${}_2$ system provides a possible platform for these novel edge states.

5+4 pages, 4+5 figures

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