Recent progress in the assembly of nanodevices and van der Waals heterostructures by deterministic placement of 2D materials

Abstract

Designer heterostructures can now be assembled layer-by-layer with unmatched precision thanks to the recently developed deterministic placement methods to transfer two-dimensional (2D) materials. This possibility constitutes the birth of a very active research field on the so-called van der Waals heterostructures. Moreover, these deterministic placement methods also open the door to fabricate complex devices, which would be otherwise very difficult to achieve by conventional bottom-up nanofabrication approaches, and to fabricate fully-encapsulated devices with exquisite electronic properties. The integration of 2D materials with existing technologies such as photonic and superconducting waveguides and fiber optics is another exciting possibility. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the deterministic placement methods, describing and comparing the different alternative methods available in the literature and we illustrate their potential to fabricate van der Waals heterostructures, to integrate 2D materials into complex devices and to fabricate artificial bilayer structures where the layers present a user-defined rotational twisting angle.

Tutorial Review, 13 figures. Authors' pre-peer review version of the article

References in corpus (21)

• 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
• Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
• Atomically thin p-n junctions with van der Waals heterointerfaces
• Light-emitting diodes by bandstructure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures
• Effective Passivation of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Transistors against Ambient Degradation
• High Electron Mobility, Quantum Hall Effect and Anomalous Optical Response in Atomically Thin InSe
• STM Spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
• Emergence of Superlattice Dirac Points in Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Cross-sectional imaging of individual layers and buried interfaces of graphene-based heterostructures and superlattices
• Environmental instability of few-layer black phosphorus
• Twistronics: Manipulating the Electronic Properties of Two-dimensional Layered Structures through their Twist Angle
• High quality sandwiched black phosphorus heterostructure and its quantum oscillations
• Superlattice-induced insulating states and valley-protected orbits in twisted bilayer graphene
• Fast pick up technique for high quality heterostructures of bilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
• Toward Air-Stable Multilayer Phosphorene Thin-Films and Transistors
• Quantum Hall effect and Landau level crossing of Dirac fermions in trilayer graphene
• Optomechanical coupling between a multilayer graphene mechanical resonator and a superconducting microwave cavity
• A Universal, Rapid Method for Clean Transfer of Nanostructures onto Various Substrates
• Wedging Transfer of Nanostructures
• Coupling graphene mechanical resonators to superconducting microwave cavities
• Observing imperfection in atomic interfaces for van der Waals heterostructures

Cited by in corpus (57)

• The role of traps in the photocurrent generation mechanism in thin In-Se photodetectors
• A strain tunable single-layer MoS2 photodetector
• Hot carriers in graphene -- fundamentals and applications
• The Quantum Twisting Microscope
• Dry release transfer of graphene and few-layer h-BN by utilizing thermoplasticity of polypropylene carbonate for fabricating edge-contact-free van der Waals heterostructures
• Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Metal Monochalcogenides
• Multiple and spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable α-MoO3 trilayers
• Ultra-clean assembly of van der Waals heterostructures
• InSe Schottky diodes based on van der Waals contacts
• Ultra-thin van der Waals crystals as semiconductor quantum wells
• Gate tunability of highly efficient spin-to-charge conversion by spin Hall effect in graphene proximitized with WSe${}_2$
• Thickness determination of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 on transparent stamps used for deterministic transfer of 2D materials
• Pinpoint pick-up and bubble-free assembly of 2D materials using PDMS/PMMA polymers with lens shapes
• Microheater actuators as a versatile platform for strain engineering in 2D materials
• Two-dimensional layered materials meet perovskite oxides: A combination for high-performance electronic devices
• Localized Excitons in NbSe${}_2$-MoSe${}_2$ Heterostructures
• Progress and Prospects in Two-Dimensional Magnetism of van der Waals Materials
• Giant piezoresistive effect and strong band gap tunability in ultrathin InSe upon biaxial strain
• Gate-Controlled Quantum Dots Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
• An inexpensive system for the deterministic transfer of 2D materials
• Family of Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichlorides Fundamental Properties, Structural Defects, and Environmental Stability
• Mechanical and liquid phase exfoliation of cylindrite: a natural van der Waals superlattice with intrinsic magnetic interactions
• Two-dimensional crystals on adhesive substrates subjected to uniform transverse pressure
• Strongly anisotropic strain-tunability of excitons in exfoliated ZrSe${}_3$
• Fabrication of angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels for mass transport
• Nonlinear optics in 2D materials: from classical to quantum
• Unveiling the origin of unconventional moire ferroelectricity
• Twisted two-dimensional material stacks for polarization optics
• Aligned Stacking of Nanopatterned 2D materials -- Towards 3D printing at atomic resolution
• Quantifying hydrogen bonding using electrically tunable nanoconfined water
• Tunable Photodetectors via in situ Thermal Conversion of TiS${}_3$ to TiO${}_2$
• ARPES signatures of few-layer twistronic graphenes
• Strong magnetic proximity effect in Van der Waals heterostructures driven by direct hybridization
• Room-temperature anisotropic in-plane spin dynamics in graphene induced by PdSe${}_2$ proximity
• Generalized Peierls substitution for the tight-binding model of twisted multilayer graphene in a magnetic field
• Charge Density Wave Activated Excitons in TiSe${}_2$-MoSe${}_2$ Heterostructures
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in an all-light-element heterostructure: graphene with copper oxide
• Radio-frequency reflectometry in bilayer graphene devices utilizing micro graphite back-gates
• Thermopower in hBN/graphene/hBN superlattices
• A system to test 2D optoelectronic devices in high vacuum
• Josephson effect as signature of electron-hole superfluidity in bilayers of van der Waals heterostructures
• Boron nitride on SiC(0001)
• Local characterization and engineering of proximitized correlated states in graphene-NbSe${}_2$ vertical heterostructures
• A system built for both deterministic transfer processes and contact photolithography
• Electrically-tunable graphene nanomechanical resonators
• MaskTerial: A Foundation Model for Automated 2D Material Flake Detection
• Origin of magic angles in twisted bilayer graphene: The magic ring
• Contact transparency in mechanically assembled 2D material devices
• Single-crystalline YIG flakes with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy and diverse crystallographic orientations
• Scratching lithography, manipulation, and soldering of 2D materials using microneedle probes
• Electrically Tunable Spin Exchange Splitting in Graphene Hybrid Heterostructure
• Dielectric permittivity tensor dynamics of in-plane hyperbolic van der Waals MoOCl2 and emergent chiral photonic applications
• Assembly of High-Performance van der Waals Devices Using Commercial Polyvinyl Chloride Films
• Observation of Photoluminescence from a Natural van der Waals Heterostructure
• Hexagonal boron nitride/bilayer graphene moiré superlattices in the Dirac-material family: energy-band engineering and carrier doping by dual gating
• Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry of Edge Magnetism in WS2 Flakes
• Strain-Mediated Lattice Reconstruction Enhances Ferromagnetism in Cr2Ge2Te6/WTe2 van der Waals Heterobilayers