Micromagnetometry of two-dimensional ferromagnets

Abstract

The study of atomically thin ferromagnetic crystals has led to the discovery of unusual magnetic behaviour and provided insight into the magnetic properties of bulk materials. However, the experimental techniques that have been used to explore ferromagnetism in such materials cannot probe the magnetic field directly. Here, we show that ballistic Hall micromagnetometry can be used to measure the magnetization of individual two-dimensional ferromagnets. Our devices are made by van der Waals assembly in such a way that the investigated ferromagnetic crystal is placed on top of a multi-terminal Hall bar made from encapsulated graphene. We use the micromagnetometry technique to study atomically thin chromium tribromide (CrBr3). We find that the material remains ferromagnetic down to monolayer thickness and exhibits strong out-of-plane anisotropy. We also find that the magnetic response of CrBr3 varies little with the number of layers and its temperature dependence cannot be described by the simple Ising model of two-dimensional ferromagnetism.

arXiv comment19 pages, 12 figures

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Cited by in corpus (60)

• Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer
• Magnetic Skyrmion State in Janus Monolayers of Chromium Trihalides Cr(I,X)3
• Possible Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquid State in 2D Materials with S=3/2
• Higher-order exchange interactions in two-dimensional magnets
• High mobility in a van der Waals layered antiferromagnetic metal
• Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in two-dimensional ferromagnets revealed by nanoscale imaging
• Interplay between spin proximity effect and charge-dependent exciton dynamics in MoSe${}_2$ / CrBr${}_3$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Breaking through the Mermin-Wagner limit in 2D van der Waals magnets
• Improved current density and magnetisation reconstruction through vector magnetic field measurements
• Van der Waals Ferromagnetic Josephson Junctions
• Local Probes for Charge-Neutral Edge States in Two-Dimensional Quantum Magnets
• Realistic Spin Model for Multiferroic NiI${}_2$
• Gate-Tunable Graphene Hall Sensors with High Magnetic Field Sensitivity
• Electrically tunable moiré magnetism in twisted double bilayers of chromium triiodide
• Electronic and magnetic characterization of epitaxial CrBr${}_3$ monolayers
• Distinctive magnetic properties of CrI3 and CrBr3 monolayers caused by spin-orbit coupling
• Probing quasi-long-range ordering by magnetostriction in monolayer CoPS3
• Room-temperature tunable tunneling magnetoresistance in Fe3GaTe2/WSe2/Fe3GaTe2 van der Waals heterostructures
• Magnetic polaron and antiferro-ferromagnetic transition in doped bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Tunable magneto-optical effect, anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in two-dimensional room-temperature ferromagnet $1T$-CrTe${}_2$
• Alternating superconducting and charge density wave monolayers within bulk 6R-TaS2
• Spin caloritronics in a CrBr${}_3$-based magnetic van der Waals heterostructure
• Excitons in Bulk and Layered Chromium Tri-Halides: From Frenkel to the Wannier-Mott Limit
• Optical and magneto-optical properties of ferromagnetic monolayer CrBr${}_3$: A first-principles $GW$ and $GW$ plus Bethe-Salpeter equation study
• Electronic Structure of Chromium Trihalides beyond Density Functional Theory
• Multiple antiferromagnetic phases and magnetic anisotropy in exfoliated CrBr${}_3$ multilayers
• Ground-state phase diagram of spin-$S$ Kitaev-Heisenberg models
• AC susceptometry of 2D van der Waals magnets enabled by the coherent control of quantum sensors
• Magnetism and stability of all primitive stacking patterns in bilayer chromium trihalides
• Atomic Resolution Imaging of CrBr${}_3$ using Adhesion-Enhanced Grids
• Anomalous Hall effect mechanisms in quasi-2D van der Waals ferromagnet Fe0.29TaS2
• Giant Nonvolatile Multistate Resistance with Fully Magnetically Controlled van der Waals Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions
• 2D ferromagnetism at finite temperatures under quantum scrutiny
• Moire magnetism in CrBr3 multilayers emerging from differential strain
• Insights on magnon topology and valley-polarization in 2D bilayer quantum magnets
• Transport signature of the magnetic Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
• Creating a three dimensional intrinsic electric dipole on rotated CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Magnon Interference Tunneling Spectroscopy as a Probe of 2D Magnetism
• Spin-orbit correlations and exchange-bias control in twisted Janus dichalcogenide multilayers
• Acousto-magnonic spin Hall effect in honeycomb antiferromagnets
• Small Energy Gap Revealed in CrBr3 by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
• Toward improved property prediction of 2D materials using many-body quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Electrical tuning of the magnetic properties of 2D magnets: the case of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\mathrm{Ge}}_2{\mathrm{Te}}_6$
• Impurity-induced excitations in a topological two-dimensional ferromagnet/superconductor van der Waals moiré heterostructure
• Tailoring High-Frequency Magnonics in Monolayer Chromium Trihalides
• Long-range anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets and electrically tunable ordering
• A generalized model of magnon kinetics and subgap magnetic noise
• Frustrated ferromagnetic transition in AB-stacked honeycomb bilayer
• Superfluid Spin Transistor
• Electrically tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in CrBr${}_3$
• Van der Waals Magnet based Spin-Valve Devices at Room Temperature
• Scratching lithography, manipulation, and soldering of 2D materials using microneedle probes
• Hard ferromagnetism down to the thinnest limit of iron-intercalated tantalum disulfide
• Spin Hall effect of vorticity
• Magnetization dependent tunneling conductance of ferromagnetic barriers
• Magnetic Proximity Effect in 2D Ferromagnetic CrBr3/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures
• Schwinger boson theory for $S=1$ Kitaev quantum spin liquids
• Kitaev Meets Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki: Competing Quantum Disorder in Spin-3/2 Honeycomb Systems
• Strain-Mediated Lattice Reconstruction Enhances Ferromagnetism in Cr2Ge2Te6/WTe2 van der Waals Heterobilayers
• Gate-tunable anomalous Hall effect in stacked van der Waals ferromagnetic insulator - topological insulator heterostructures