Electric-field switching of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets

Abstract

Controlling magnetism by purely electrical means is a key challenge to better information technology1. A variety of material systems, including ferromagnetic (FM) metals2,3,4, FM semiconductors5, multiferroics6,7,8 and magnetoelectric (ME) materials9,10, have been explored for the electric-field control of magnetism. The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets11,12 has opened a new door for the electrical control of magnetism at the nanometre scale through a van der Waals heterostructure device platform13. Here we demonstrate the control of magnetism in bilayer CrI3, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor in its ground state12, by the application of small gate voltages in field-effect devices and the detection of magnetization using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) microscopy. The applied electric field creates an interlayer potential difference, which results in a large linear ME effect, whose sign depends on the interlayer AFM order. We also achieve a complete and reversible electrical switching between the interlayer AFM and FM states in the vicinity of the interlayer spin-flip transition. The effect originates from the electric-field dependence of the interlayer exchange bias.

12 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Robust isothermal electric switching of interface magnetization: A route to voltage-controlled spintronics
• Valley-spin polarized Landau levels in a monolayer semiconductor
• Gate-controllable magneto-optic Kerr effect in layered collinear antiferromagnets
• Different metamagnetism between paramagnetic Ce and Yb isomorphs

Cited by in corpus (233)

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• Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
• Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping
• Stacking-Dependent Magnetism in Bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Strain-tunable magnetic anisotropy in monolayer CrCl${}_3$, CrBr${}_3$, and CrI${}_3$
• Direct observation of van der Waals stacking dependent interlayer magnetism
• Van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance device applications: challenges and opportunities
• Pressure-controlled interlayer magnetism in atomically thin CrI3
• Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single spin microscopy
• Giant and nonreciprocal second harmonic generation from layered antiferromagnetism in bilayer CrI3
• Direct photoluminescence probing of ferromagnetism in monolayer two-dimensional CrBr3
• Stacking tunable interlayer magnetism in bilayer CrI3
• Topological superconductivity in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides
• Engineering symmetry breaking in two-dimensional layered materials
• Layer Hall effect in a 2D topological Axion antiferromagnet
• Electrical switching of magnetic order in an orbital Chern insulator
• Quantum metric nonlinear Hall effect in a topological antiferromagnetic heterostructure
• One million percent tunnel magnetoresistance in a magnetic van der Waals heterostructure
• Quantum metric-induced nonlinear transport in a topological antiferromagnet
• Room temperature 2D ferromagnetism in few-layered 1$T$-CrTe${}_2$
• Skyrmions in the moiré of van der Waals 2D magnets
• Two dimensional magnets: Forgotten history and recent progress towards spintronic applications
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• Spin-flop transition in atomically thin MnPS${}_3$ crystals
• Magnetically Switchable Light-Matter Interaction in the Two-Dimensional Magnet CrI3
• Magnon transport in quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals antiferromagnets
• Voltage Control of a van der Waals Spin-Filter Magnetic Tunnel Junction
• Van der Waals spin valves
• Determining the phase diagram of atomically thin layered antiferromagnet CrCl${}_3$
• Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/graphite/Fe3GeTe2 tri-layer heterostructures
• Physical origin of giant excitonic and magneto-optical responses in two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulators
• Interplay between interlayer exchange and stacking in CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective
• Proximity exchange effects in MoSe${}_2$ and WSe${}_2$ heterostructures with CrI${}_3$: twist angle, layer, and gate dependence
• Microscopic understanding of magnetic interactions in bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Electrical control of magnetism by electric field and current-induced torques
• Higher-order exchange interactions in two-dimensional magnets
• Gate-tunable spin waves in antiferromagnetic atomic bilayers
• Micromagnetometry of two-dimensional ferromagnets
• Tuning Inelastic Light Scattering via Symmetry Control in 2D Magnet CrI${}_3$
• Artificial Multiferroics and Enhanced Magnetoelectric Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Electrical and Thermal Generation of Spin Currents by Magnetic Graphene
• Gate-Tuned Interlayer Coupling in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$ Nanoflakes
• Wide Field Imaging of van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 by Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Raman fingerprint of two terahertz spin wave branches in a two-dimensional honeycomb Ising ferromagnet
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• Twist engineering of the two-dimensional magnetism in double bilayer chromium triiodide homostructures
• Observation of Magnetic Proximity Effect Using Resonant Optical Spectroscopy of an Electrically Tunable MoSe${}_2$/CrBr${}_3$ Heterostructure
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• First-principles theory of proximity spin-orbit torque on a two-dimensional magnet: Current-driven antiferromagnet-to-ferromagnet reversible transition in bilayer CrI${}_3$
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• High throughput computational screening for 2D ferromagnetic materials: the critical role of anisotropy and local correlations
• Electron quantum metamaterials in van der Waals heterostructures
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• Gate-controlled magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet Fe${}_5$GeTe${}_2$
• Orbitally-resolved ferromagnetism of monolayer CrI${}_3$
• Atomistic spin textures on-demand in the van der Waals layered magnet CrSBr
• Distinct magneto-Raman signatures of spin-flip phase transitions in CrI3
• Chirality selective magnon-phonon hybridization and magnon-induced chiral phonons in a layered zigzag antiferromagnet
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• Single-Layer CrI3 Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
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• Opportunities in Electrically Tunable 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Recent Progress and Future Outlook
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• Spin Dynamics in van der Waals Magnetic Systems
• Strain and electric-field control of spin-spin interactions in monolayer CrI${}_3$
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• Magnetic properties of bilayer VI3: Role of trigonal crystal field and electric-field tuning
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• Strain-induced interlayer magnetic coupling spike of two-dimensional van der Waals material Fe${}_5$GeTe${}_2$
• Anomalous Nonlinear Magnetoconductivity in van der Waals Magnet CrSBr
• Localized surface electromagnetic waves in CrI${}_3$-based magnetophotonic structures
• An effective spin model on the honeycomb lattice for the description of magnetic properties in two-dimensional Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$
• Writing and detecting topological charges in exfoliated Fe${}_{5-x}$GeTe${}_2$
• Theoretical realization of rich magnon topology by symmetry-breaking in honeycomb bilayer ferromagnets
• Rashba-induced spin texture and spin-layer-locking effects in the antiferromagnetic CrI3 bilayer
• Magnetic and Electronic Switch in Metal Intercalated Two-Dimensional GeP${}_3$
• Magnetically Modulated Electrical Switching in an Antiferromagnetic Transistor
• Rigidity of topological invariants to symmetry breakings
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• Exploration of Altermagnetism in $\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_2$
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• Computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity
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• Probing Hidden Symmetry and Altermagnetism with Sub-Picometer Sensitivity via Nonlinear Transport
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