Electrical and Thermal Generation of Spin Currents by Magnetic Graphene

Abstract

The demand for compact, high-speed and energy-saving circuitry urges higher efficiency of spintronic devices that can offer a viable alternative for the current electronics. The route towards this goal suggests implementing two-dimensional (2D) materials that provide large spin polarization of charge current together with the long-distance transfer of the spin information. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate a large spin polarization of the graphene conductivity ($\approx 14\%$) arising from a strong induced exchange interaction in proximity to a 2D layered antiferromagnetic. The strong coupling of charge and spin currents in graphene with high efficiency of spin current generation, comparable to that of metallic ferromagnets, together with the observation of spin-dependent Seebeck and anomalous Hall effects, all consistently confirm the magnetic nature of graphene. The high sensitivity of spin transport in graphene to the magnetization of the outermost layer of the adjacent interlayer antiferromagnet, also provides a tool to read out a single magnetic sub-lattice. The first time observations of the electrical and thermal generation of spin currents by magnetic graphene suggest it as the ultimate building block for ultra-thin magnetic memory and sensory devices, combining gate tunable spin-dependent conductivity, long-distance spin transport and spin-orbit coupling all in a single 2D material.

References in corpus (11)

• Two Dimensional Atomic Crystals
• Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
• Graphene Spintronics
• Proximity-induced ferromagnetism in graphene revealed by anomalous Hall effect
• Spin transport in proximity induced ferromagnetic graphene
• Fast pick up technique for high quality heterostructures of bilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
• Layered Antiferromagnetism Induces Large Negative Magnetoresistance in the van der Waals Semiconductor CrSBr
• Magnetic Insulator-Induced Proximity Effects in Graphene: Spin Filtering and Exchange Splitting Gaps
• Theory of proximity-induced exchange coupling in graphene on hBN/(Co, Ni)
• Spin-dependent Seebeck effect and spin caloritronics in magnetic graphene
• Electric-Field-control of spin rotation in bilayer graphene

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Van der Waals heterostructures for spintronics and opto-spintronics
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• Probing the spin dimensionality in single-layer CrSBr van der Waals heterostructures by magneto-transport measurements
• Spin waves and magnetic exchange Hamiltonian in CrSBr
• Visualizing Atomically-Layered Magnetism in CrSBr
• Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Applications
• Gate-tunable proximity effects in graphene on layered magnetic insulators
• Twist Angle Controlled Collinear Edelstein Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Engineering Proximity Exchange by Twisting: Reversal of Ferromagnetic and Emergence of Antiferromagnetic Dirac Bands in Graphene/Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Humidity Sensors with the Focus of Structural Design: A Review
• Proximity effects in graphene on monolayers of transition-metal phosphorus trichalcogenides MPX${}_3$
• Charge transfer and asymmetric coupling of MoSe${}_2$ valleys to the magnetic order of CrSBr
• Electronic band structure changes across the antiferromagnetic phase transition of exfoliated MnPS${}_3$ probed by $\mu$-ARPES
• Transport measurements on van der Waals heterostructures under pressure
• A seamless graphene spin valve based on proximity to van der Waals magnet Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• The first- and second-order magneto-optical effects and intrinsically anomalous transport in 2D van der Waals layered magnets CrXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I)
• Van der Waals Magnetic Electrode Transfer for Two-Dimensional Spintronic Devices
• Towards fully two-dimensional spintronic devices
• Strong magnetic proximity effect in Van der Waals heterostructures driven by direct hybridization
• Band Gap Opening in Bilayer Graphene-CrCl${}_3$/CrBr${}_3$/CrI${}_3$ van der Waals Interfaces
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Magnetic Graphene
• Room-temperature anisotropic in-plane spin dynamics in graphene induced by PdSe${}_2$ proximity
• Varied magnetic phases in a van der Waals easy-plane antiferromagnet revealed by nitrogen-vacancy center microscopy
• Roadmap on Quantum Magnetic Materials
• Engineering robust strain transmission in van der Waals heterostructure devices
• Gate-controlled proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet van der Waals heterostructures
• Spintronics in 2D graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures
• Proximity-induced diversified magnetic states and electrically-controllable spin polarization in bilayer graphene: Towards layered spintronics
• Interplay of energy and charge transfer in WSe2/CrSBr heterostructures
• Manipulating Spin-Lattice Coupling in Layered Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructure $via$ Interface Engineering
• Giant Valley-Polarized Spin Splittings in Magnetized Janus Pt Dichalcogenides
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in trilayer graphene/group-IV monochalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures
• Rashba spin splitting based on trilayer graphene systems
• Terahertz Spin-Light Coupling in Proximitized Dirac Materials
• Angular dependence of the interlayer coupling at the interface between two dimensional materials 1T-PtSe${}_2$ and graphene
• Surface Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Tl-Pb Monolayer Alloys on Si(111) with Giant Rashba Splitting
• Giant Spin Transport Anisotropy in Magnetic Topological Insulators
• Momentum-Resolved Electronic Structure and Orbital Hybridization in the Layered Antiferromagnet CrPS${}_4$
• Boosting proximity spin orbit coupling in graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures via hydrostatic pressure
• Role of two-dimensional Ising superconductivity in the non-equilibrium quasiparticle spin-to-charge conversion efficiency
• Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase in Bilayer Graphene with Layer-Dependent Proximity Effects