Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides

Abstract

We conduct a comprehensive study of three different magnetic semiconductors, CrI${}_3$, CrBr${}_3$, and CrCl${}_3$, by incorporating both few- and bi-layer samples in van der Waals tunnel junctions. We find that the interlayer magnetic ordering, exchange gap, magnetic anisotropy, as well as magnon excitations evolve systematically with changing halogen atom. By fitting to a spin wave theory that accounts for nearest neighbor exchange interactions, we are able to further determine a simple spin Hamiltonian describing all three systems. These results extend the 2D magnetism platform to Ising, Heisenberg, and XY spin classes in a single material family. Using magneto-optical measurements, we additionally demonstrate that ferromagnetism can be stabilized down to monolayer in more isotropic CrBr${}_3$, with transition temperature still close to that of the bulk.

References in corpus (18)

• Layer-dependent Ferromagnetism in a van der Waals Crystal down to the Monolayer Limit
• Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals crystals
• Gate-tunable Room-temperature Ferromagnetism in Two-dimensional Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$
• Electrical Control of 2D Magnetism in Bilayer CrI3
• Giant Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Spin-Filter van der Waals Heterostructures
• Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping
• Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling
• Electric-field switching of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets
• Robust Intrinsic Ferromagnetism and Half Semiconductivity in Stable Two-Dimensional Single-Layer Chromium Trihalides
• On the origin of magnetic anisotropy in two dimensional CrI${}_3$
• Very Large Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Layered Magnetic Semiconductor CrI${}_3$
• Topological spin excitations in honeycomb ferromagnet CrI${}_3$
• Magnon-assisted tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures based on CrBr3
• One million percent tunnel magnetoresistance in a magnetic van der Waals heterostructure
• Voltage Control of a van der Waals Spin-Filter Magnetic Tunnel Junction
• Raman fingerprint of two terahertz spin wave branches in a two-dimensional honeycomb Ising ferromagnet
• Generalized calculation of magnetic coupling constants for Mott-Hubbard insulators: Application to ferromagnetic Cr compounds
• Control of magnetism in bilayer CrI${}_3$ by an external electric field

Cited by in corpus (106)

• Atomically Thin CrCl3: An in-Plane Layered Antiferromagnetic Insulator
• Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer
• Spin-flop transition in atomically thin MnPS${}_3$ crystals
• Direct observation of 2D magnons in atomically thin CrI${}_3$
• Engineering Corner States from Two-Dimensional Topological Insulators
• Determining the phase diagram of atomically thin layered antiferromagnet CrCl${}_3$
• Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective
• Higher-order exchange interactions in two-dimensional magnets
• High mobility in a van der Waals layered antiferromagnetic metal
• Two-dimensional Ferromagnetic van der Waals CrX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) Monolayers with Enhanced Anisotropy and Curie Temperature
• Artificial Multiferroics and Enhanced Magnetoelectric Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Gate-Tuned Interlayer Coupling in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$ Nanoflakes
• Meron-Like Topological Spin Defects in Monolayer CrCl3
• Unexpected two-fold symmetric superconductivity in few-layer NbSe${}_2$
• Twist engineering of the two-dimensional magnetism in double bilayer chromium triiodide homostructures
• Moiré skyrmions and chiral magnetic phases in twisted CrX${}_3$ (X $=$ I, Br, Cl) bilayers
• Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in two-dimensional ferromagnets revealed by nanoscale imaging
• Roadmap for gallium arsenide spin qubits
• Roadmap on quantum nanotechnologies
• Properties and dynamics of meron topological spin textures in the two-dimensional magnet CrCl3
• High throughput computational screening for two-dimensional magnetic materials based on experimental databases of three-dimensional compounds
• Distinct magneto-Raman signatures of spin-flip phase transitions in CrI3
• Probing the spin dimensionality in single-layer CrSBr van der Waals heterostructures by magneto-transport measurements
• Relativistic exchange interactions in CrX${}_3$ (X=Cl, Br, I) monolayers
• Twistronics: A turning point in 2D quantum materials
• Perspective on Metallic Antiferromagnets
• Evidence of Noncollinear Spin Texture in Magnetic Moiré Superlattices
• Magnetic order induced polarization anomaly of Raman scattering in 2D magnet CrI${}_3$
• Strain-induced phase transition in CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Magnetic Anisotropy in Spin-3/2 with Heavy Ligand in Honeycomb Mott Insulators: Application to CrI${}_3$
• Magneto-optical response of chromium trihalide monolayers: chemical trends
• Machine Learning Study of the Magnetic Ordering in 2D Materials
• Tailored tunnel magnetoresistance response in three ultrathin chromium trihalides
• Curie Temperature of Emerging Two-Dimensional Magnetic Structures
• Observation of the polaronic character of excitons in a two-dimensional semiconducting magnet $\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{I}}_3$
• Asymmetric magnetic proximity interactions in MoSe${}_2$/CrBr${}_3$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Opportunities in Electrically Tunable 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Recent Progress and Future Outlook
• Visualizing Atomically-Layered Magnetism in CrSBr
• Electronic and magnetic characterization of epitaxial CrBr${}_3$ monolayers
• Quantum rescaling, domain metastability and hybrid domain-walls in two-dimensional CrI3 magnets
• Magnetic anisotropy reversal driven by structural symmetry-breaking in monolayer α-RuCl3
• Nearly room temperature ferromagnetism in pressure-induced correlated metallic state of van der Waals insulator CrGeTe${}_3$
• Intrinsic ferromagnetism and restrictive thermodynamic stability in MA${}_2$N${}_4$ and Janus VSiGeN${}_4$ monolayers
• Progress and Prospects in Two-Dimensional Magnetism of van der Waals Materials
• Tunable magneto-optical effect, anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in two-dimensional room-temperature ferromagnet $1T$-CrTe${}_2$
• Tunable layered-magnetism-assisted magneto-Raman effect in a two-dimensional magnet $\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{I}}_3$
• Spin caloritronics in a CrBr${}_3$-based magnetic van der Waals heterostructure
• Giant thermal magnetoconductivity in CrCl${}_3$ and a general model for spin-phonon scattering
• Self-hybridization and tunable magnon-magnon coupling in van der Waals synthetic magnets
• Optical and magneto-optical properties of ferromagnetic monolayer CrBr${}_3$: A first-principles $GW$ and $GW$ plus Bethe-Salpeter equation study
• Multiple antiferromagnetic phases and magnetic anisotropy in exfoliated CrBr${}_3$ multilayers
• Magneto-memristive switching in a two-dimensional layer antiferromagnet
• Massless Dirac magnons in the two dimensional van der Waals honeycomb magnet CrCl3
• Two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor VBr3 with tunable anisotropy
• Gapless Dirac magnons in CrCl${}_3$
• Direct probing of phonon mode specific electron-phonon scatterings in two-dimensional semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides: Symmetry and Berry phase
• AC susceptometry of 2D van der Waals magnets enabled by the coherent control of quantum sensors
• The first- and second-order magneto-optical effects and intrinsically anomalous transport in 2D van der Waals layered magnets CrXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I)
• Magnetism and stability of all primitive stacking patterns in bilayer chromium trihalides
• Coplanar cavity for strong coupling between photons and magnons in van der Waals antiferromagnet
• Magnetism-driven unconventional effects in Ising superconductors: role of proximity, tunneling, and nematicity
• Macroscopic Tunneling Probe of Moiré Spin Textures in Twisted CrI${}_3$
• Physical Vapor Transport Growth of Antiferromagnetic CrCl${}_3$ Flakes Down to Monolayer Thickness
• Tunneling current-controlled spin states in few-layer van der Waals magnets
• Visualization of moiré magnons in monolayer ferromagnet
• Quasiparticle Energies and Excitonic Effects of Chromium Trichloride: from Two Dimensions to Bulk
• Spin-dependent Schottky barriers and vacancy-induced spin-selective Ohmic contacts in magnetic vdW heterostructures
• Giant Nonvolatile Multistate Resistance with Fully Magnetically Controlled van der Waals Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions
• Large photogalvanic spin current by magnetic resonance in bilayer Cr trihalides
• Room-temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxial bilayer FeSb/SrTiO3(001) terminated with a Kagome lattice
• Varied magnetic phases in a van der Waals easy-plane antiferromagnet revealed by nitrogen-vacancy center microscopy
• Moire magnetism in CrBr3 multilayers emerging from differential strain
• Insights on magnon topology and valley-polarization in 2D bilayer quantum magnets
• Multiple Magnetic Bilayers and Unconventional Criticality without Frustration in BaCuSi${}_2$O${}_6$
• Probing magnetism in exfoliated VI${}_3$ layers with magnetotransport
• 2D correlations in the van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr${}_3$ using high frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy
• Interlayer magnetic interactions in $\pi /3$-twisted bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Enhanced magnetoelectric coupling in two-dimensional hybrid multiferroic heterostructures
• Superexchange and spin-orbit coupling in monolayer and bilayer chromium trihalides
• Contrasting magnetic anisotropy in CrCl3 and CrBr3: A first-principles study
• Anomalous Tunneling Magnetoresistance Oscillation and Electrically Tunable Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Few-layer CrPS4
• Antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic homostructures with Dirac magnons in van der Waals magnet CrI${}_3$
• Toward improved property prediction of 2D materials using many-body quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Theoretical realization of rich magnon topology by symmetry-breaking in honeycomb bilayer ferromagnets
• Role of stacking defects on the magnetic behavior of CrCl${}_3$
• Long-range anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets and electrically tunable ordering
• Frustrated ferromagnetic transition in AB-stacked honeycomb bilayer
• Electronic structure and magnetism of the Hund insulator CrI3
• Giant anisotropic magnetoresistance in few-layer α-RuCl3 tunnel junctions
• Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms of Stacking Order and Interlayer Magnetism in Bilayer CrBr${}_3$
• Enhanced Magnetization by Defect-Assisted Exciton Recombination in Atomically Thin CrCl${}_3$
• Lattice and magnetic structure in the van der Waals antiferromagnet VBr3
• Electrically tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in CrBr${}_3$
• Magnetic domain wall dynamics under external electric field in bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions induced via non-linear phononics in bilayer van der Waals materials
• Interlayer superexchange in bilayer chromium trihalides
• Giant spin transfer torque in atomically thin magnetic bilayers
• Spin waves in layered antiferromagnets with honeycomb structure
• Investigating field-induced magnetic order in Han Purple by neutron scattering up to 25.9 T
• Electronic excitations and spin interactions in chromium trihalides from embedded many-body wavefunctions
• Magnetization dependent tunneling conductance of ferromagnetic barriers
• Magnetic Proximity Effect in 2D Ferromagnetic CrBr3/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures
• Magnetic structures on locally inverted interlayer coupling region of bilayer magnetic system
• Thermally-induced mimicry of quantum cluster excitations and implications for the magnetic transition in FePSe${}_3$
• Non-van der Waals honeycomb antiferromagnet SrRu${}_2$O${}_6$ down to a few layers
• Quantum tunneling devices incorporating two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors