Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer

Abstract

Long before the recent fascination with two-dimensional materials, the critical behaviour and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems has been a topic of great interest. Particularly intriguing is the case of long-range magnetic order in two dimensions, once considered to be excluded in systems with continuous symmetry by the Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem. While an out-of-plane anisotropy has been shown to stabilize 2D magnetic order, this proof has remained elusive for a 2D magnet with in-plane rotational symmetry. Here, we construct a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a CrCl3 monolayer grown on Graphene/6H-SiC (0001), and unambiguously demonstrate robust in-plane ferromagnetic ordering with a critical scaling behaviour characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations suggest the first realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in a large-area, quasi-freestanding, van der Waals monolayer magnet with a XY universality class; and further constitute an ideal platform to study exotic phenomena like superfluid spin transport or 2D topological in-plane spin textures -- such as merons.

References in corpus (7)

• Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
• Suppression of magnetic ordering in XXZ-type antiferromagnetic monolayer NiPS3
• Atomically Thin CrCl3: An in-Plane Layered Antiferromagnetic Insulator
• Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides
• Meron-Like Topological Spin Defects in Monolayer CrCl3
• Properties and dynamics of meron topological spin textures in the two-dimensional magnet CrCl3
• Transport signature of the magnetic Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition

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