Roadmap on quantum nanotechnologies

Abstract

Quantum phenomena are typically observable at length and time scales smaller than those of our everyday experience, often involving individual particles or excitations. The past few decades have seen a revolution in the ability to structure matter at the nanoscale, and experiments at the single particle level have become commonplace. This has opened wide new avenues for exploring and harnessing quantum mechanical effects in condensed matter. These quantum phenomena, in turn, have the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute and probe the nanoscale world. Here, we review developments in key areas of quantum research in light of the nanotechnologies that enable them, with a view to what the future holds. Materials and devices with nanoscale features are used for quantum metrology and sensing, as building blocks for quantum computing, and as sources and detectors for quantum communication. They enable explorations of quantum behaviour and unconventional states in nano- and opto-mechanical systems, low-dimensional systems, molecular devices, nano-plasmonics, quantum electrodynamics, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and more. This rapidly expanding intersection of nanotechnology and quantum science/technology is mutually beneficial to both fields, laying claim to some of the most exciting scientific leaps of the last decade, with more on the horizon.

Roadmap article with contributed sections and subsections on: 1. Metrology and sensing 2. Quantum light sources, cavities and detectors 3. Quantum computing with spins 4. Nano and opto-mechanics 5. Low-dimensional systems 6. Molecular devices 7. Nanoplasmonics (47 pages, 25 figures). Contains arXiv:1907.02625, arXiv:1907.07087, arXiv:2001.11119, arXiv:2011.13907

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• Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling
• A >99.9%-fidelity quantum-dot spin qubit with coherence limited by charge noise
• Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon
• Observation of the nonlinear Hall effect under time reversal symmetric conditions
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• Room temperature magnetization switching in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures by spin-orbit torques
• Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon
• Single-electron current sources: towards a refined definition of ampere
• Coherent coupling between radio frequency, optical, and acoustic waves in piezo-optomechanical circuits
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• Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides
• Magnon-assisted tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures based on CrBr3
• A planar dielectric antenna for directional single-photon emission and near-unity collection efficiency
• One million percent tunnel magnetoresistance in a magnetic van der Waals heterostructure
• Rapid Single-Shot Measurement of a Singlet-Triplet Qubit
• Scalable gate architecture for densely packed semiconductor spin qubits
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• Harnessing electro-optic correlations in an efficient mechanical converter
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• Long-Range Microwave Mediated Interactions Between Electron Spins
• Dispersive Readout of a Few-Electron Double Quantum Dot with Fast rf Gate-Sensors
• Silicon qubit fidelities approaching incoherent noise limits via pulse engineering
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• Quantum Simulation of the Hubbard Model with Dopant Atoms in Silicon
• Extending the coherence of a quantum dot hybrid qubit
• A silicon-based surface code quantum computer
• Dispersively detected Pauli Spin-Blockade in a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor
• Closed-loop control of a GaAs-based singlet-triplet spin qubit with 99.5% gate fidelity and low leakage
• Radio-frequency capacitive gate-based sensing
• Two-Electron Spin Correlations in Precision Placed Donors in Silicon
• All-Microwave Control and Dispersive Readout of Gate-Defined Quantum Dot Qubits in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
• Tailored tunnel magnetoresistance response in three ultrathin chromium trihalides
• Strong coupling between an electron in a quantum dot circuit and a photon in a cavity
• Surface code architecture for donors and dots in silicon with imprecise and nonuniform qubit couplings
• Coherent microwave photon mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconductor qubit
• Spatial Metrology of Dopants in Silicon with Exact Lattice Site Precision
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• Towards single-electron metrology
• The exchange-only singlet-only spin qubit
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• Coherent control of individual electron spins in a two dimensional array of quantum dots
• Optically Loaded Semiconductor Quantum Memory Register
• Spin qubit manipulation of acceptor bound states in group IV quantum wells
• Acceptor-based silicon quantum computing

Cited by in corpus (38)

• Scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology: State-of-the-art, Challenges and Perspectives
• Probing quantum devices with radio-frequency reflectometry
• Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities
• Real-Time Decoding for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing: Progress, Challenges and Outlook
• Enhancing coherent energy transfer between quantum devices via a mediator
• One-axis twisting as a method of generating many-body Bell correlations
• Enhanced Electron Spin Coherence in a GaAs Quantum Emitter
• Resolving nonclassical magnon composition of a magnetic ground state via a qubit
• Jellybean quantum dots in silicon for qubit coupling and on-chip quantum chemistry
• Accelerating many-body entanglement generation by dipolar interactions in the Bose-Hubbard model
• Experimental Quantum Enhanced Optical Interferometry
• Spin squeezing in open Heisenberg spin chains
• Electrical operation of hole spin qubits in planar MOS silicon quantum dots
• Analytically Solvable Model for Qubit-Mediated Energy Transfer between Quantum Batteries
• Enhancing quantum state tomography via resource-efficient attention-based neural networks
• Multi-module microwave assembly for fast read-out and charge noise characterization of silicon quantum dots
• Geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general observables in N-level quantum systems
• Effect of dilute impurities on short graphene Josephson junctions
• Non-adiabatic single-electron pump in a dopant-free GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG
• Qubit-environment entanglement outside of pure decoherence: hyperfine interaction
• Hole in one: Pathways to deterministic single-acceptor incorporation in Si(100)-2$\times$1
• Collision of two interacting electrons on a mesoscopic beamsplitter: exact solution in the classical limit
• Jahn-Teller states mixed by spin-orbit coupling in an electromagnetic field
• Inherent quantum resources in stationary spin chains
• Fluorescence profile of a nitrogen-vacancy center in a nanodiamond
• Longitudinal coupling between electrically driven spin-qubits and a resonator
• All rf-based tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning
• Local analysis of a single impurity on a graphene Josephson Junction
• Steady-State Entanglement Generation via Casimir-Polder Interactions
• Optimal control of a dissipative micromaser quantum battery in the ultrastrong coupling regime
• Universal scaling of adiabatic tunneling out of a shallow confinement potential
• Quantum sensing magnonic number states using a bosonic mode as the probe
• Tunable anisotropic quantum Rabi model via a magnon--spin-qubit ensemble
• Robotic chip-scale nanofabrication for superior consistency
• Numerical simulation of coherent spin-shuttling in a QuBus with charged defects
• Electron g-factor determined for quantum dot circuit fabricated from (110)-oriented GaAs quantum well
• Long-range quantum emitter interactions mediated by a non-local metasurface: Application to qubit-qubit entanglement
• A silicon spin vacuum: isotopically enriched ${}^{28}$silicon-on-insulator and ${}^{28}$silicon from ultra-high fluence ion implantation