Realistic Spin Model for Multiferroic NiI${}_2$

Abstract

A realistic first-principle-based spin Hamiltonian is constructed for the type-II multiferroic NiI${}_2$, using a symmetry-adapted cluster expansion method. Besides single ion anisotropy and isotropic Heisenberg terms, this model further includes the Kitaev interaction and a biquadratic term, and can well reproduce striking features of the experimental helical ground state, that are, {\it e.g.}, a proper screw state, canting of rotation plane, propagation direction and period. Using this model to build a phase diagram, it is demonstrated that, (i) the in-plane propagation direction of $⟨1\bar{1}0⟩$ is determined by the Kitaev interaction, instead of the long-believed exchange frustrations; and (ii) the canting of rotation plane is also dominantly determined by Kitaev interaction, rather than interlayer couplings. Furthermore, additional Monte Carlo simulations reveal three equivalent domains and different topological defects. Since the ferroelectricity is induced by spins in type-II multiferroics, our work also implies that Kitaev interaction is closely related to the multiferroicity of NiI${}_2$.

References in corpus (6)

• Possible Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquid State in 2D Materials with S=3/2
• Microscopic mechanism for higher-spin Kitaev model
• Possible persistence of multiferroic order down to bilayer limit of van der Waals material NiI${}_2$
• In-plane epitaxy strain tuning intralayer and interlayer magnetic couplings in CrSe2 and CrTe2 mono- and bi-layers
• Microscopic origin of multiferroic order in monolayer NiI${}_2$
• Microscopic origin of magnetism in monolayer $3d$ transition metal dihalides

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