Light-emitting diodes by bandstructure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures

Abstract

The advent of graphene and related 2D materials has recently led to a new technology: heterostructures based on these atomically thin crystals. The paradigm proved itself extremely versatile and led to rapid demonstration of tunnelling diodes with negative differential resistance, tunnelling transistors5, photovoltaic devices, etc. Here we take the complexity and functionality of such van der Waals heterostructures to the next level by introducing quantum wells (QWs) engineered with one atomic plane precision. We describe light emitting diodes (LEDs) made by stacking up metallic graphene, insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and various semiconducting monolayers into complex but carefully designed sequences. Our first devices already exhibit extrinsic quantum efficiency of nearly 10% and the emission can be tuned over a wide range of frequencies by appropriately choosing and combining 2D semiconductors (monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides). By preparing the heterostructures on elastic and transparent substrates, we show that they can also provide the basis for flexible and semi-transparent electronics. The range of functionalities for the demonstrated heterostructures is expected to grow further with increasing the number of available 2D crystals and improving their electronic quality.

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Cited by in corpus (214)

• 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
• Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures
• Photocurrent generation with two-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors
• Exciton physics and device application of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
• Resonantly hybridised excitons in moiré superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures
• Image sensor array based on graphene-CMOS integration
• Molecular transport through capillaries made with atomic-scale precision
• Determination of band alignment in the single layer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction
• Recent progress in the assembly of nanodevices and van der Waals heterostructures by deterministic placement of 2D materials
• Water-based and Biocompatible 2D Crystal Inks: from Ink Formulation to All- Inkjet Printed Heterostructures
• Sequential Edge-Epitaxy in 2D Lateral Heterostructures
• Exciton-polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities
• Band Alignment of 2D Semiconductors for Designing Heterostructures with Momentum Space Matching
• Electrical suppression of all nonradiative recombination pathways in monolayer semiconductors
• Broadband Photovoltaic Detectors based on an Atomically Thin Heterostructure
• One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
• Quantum Čerenkov Effect from Hot Carriers in Graphene: An Efficient Plasmonic Source
• Waveguide-integrated van der Waals heterostructure photodetector at telecom band with high speed and high responsivity
• Atomically thin quantum light emitting diodes
• Interlayer Exciton Optoelectronics in a 2D Heterostructure p-n Junction
• High Responsivity, Large-Area Graphene/MoS2 Flexible Photodetectors
• Electronic Transport in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Room-temperature Continuous-wave Lasing from Monolayer Molybdenum Ditelluride with a Silicon Nanobeam Cavity
• Photonic-Crystal Exciton-Polaritons in Monolayer Semiconductors
• Borophene as an anode material for Ca, Mg, Na or Li ion storage: A first-principle study
• WSe2 light-emitting tunneling transistors with enhanced brightness at room temperature
• Chalcogenide Glass-on-Graphene Photonics
• On the nature of wettability of van der Waals heterostructures
• First-principles investigation of mechanical properties of silicene, germanene and stanene
• Ultrafast Exciton Dissociation and Long-Lived Charge Separation in a Photovoltaic Pentacene MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction
• The dielectric genome of van der Waals heterostructures
• Interlayer excitons and Band Alignment in MoS${}_2$/hBN/WSe${}_2$ van der Waals Heterostructures
• Van der Waals heterojunction devices based on organohalide perovskites and two-dimensional materials
• Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Efficient single photon emission from a high-purity hexagonal boron nitride crystal
• Intrinsically patterned two-dimensional materials for selective adsorption of molecules and nanoclusters
• Van der Waals pressure and its effect on trapped interlayer molecules
• Generation and evolution of spin-, valley- and layer-polarized excited carriers in inversion-symmetric WSe2
• Anisotropic thermal transport in bulk hexagonal boron nitride
• A Room Temperature Polariton Light-Emitting Diode Based on Monolayer WS2
• Nanophotonics with 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Exciton and trion dynamics in atomically thin MoSe2 and WSe2: effect of localization
• Flat borophene films as anode materials for Mg, Na or Li-ion batteries with ultra high capacities: A first-principles study
• 2D MoS2-Graphene-based multilayer van der Waals heterostructures: Enhanced charge transfer and optical absorption, and electric-field tunable Dirac point and band gap
• Electric field induced strong enhancement of electroluminescence in multi-Layer MoS2
• Resonance effects in the Raman scattering of mono- and few layers MoSe${}_2$
• Electrical tuning of layer-polarized exciton gases in WSe2 bilayers
• Electrical tuning of exciton-plasmon polariton coupling in monolayer MoS2 integrated with plasmonic nanoantenna lattice
• Mapping of Low-Frequency Raman Modes in CVD-Grown Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Layer Number, Stacking Orientation and Resonant Effects
• Exciton-plasmon Coupling and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Monolayer Semiconductors Hybridized with Ag Nanoparticles
• Visualizing Band Offsets and Edge States in Bilayer-Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Lateral Heterojunction
• Macroscopic self-reorientation of interacting two-dimensional crystals
• Immunity to Scaling in MoS2 Transistors Using Edge Contacts
• Optimal charge-to-spin conversion in graphene on transition metal dichalcogenides
• Optical response of monolayer, few-layer and bulk tungsten disulfide
• Strain-tunable Single Photon Sources in WSe2 Monolayers
• Inter- and intra-layer excitons in MoS${}_2$/WS${}_2$ and MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Device physics of van der Waals heterojunction solar cells
• Light matter interaction in transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures
• Phase segregation facilitates exfoliation of franckeite crystals to a single unit cell thickness
• Composite super-moiré lattices in double aligned graphene heterostructures
• Franckeite: a naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructure
• Interlayer excitons in MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures from first-principles
• Light-Matter Coupling in Scalable Van der Waals Superlattices
• Imaging of interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures using a bright-field optical microscope
• Inhibited nonradiative decay at all exciton densities in monolayer semiconductors
• Stark effect spectroscopy of mono- and few-layer MoS${}_2$
• Mid-infrared polarized emission from black phosphorus light-emitting diodes
• Ultra-clean assembly of van der Waals heterostructures
• Indirect to direct gap crossover in two-dimensional InSe revealed by ARPES
• Observing imperfection in atomic interfaces for van der Waals heterostructures
• Electrically pumped single-defect light emitters in WSe${}_2$
• Structure, preparation, and applications of 2D material-based metal-semiconductor heterostructures
• Localized bright luminescence of indirect excitons and trions in MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructure
• Excitonic properties of semiconducting monolayer and bilayer MoTe2
• All van der Waals Integrated Nanophotonics
• Direct observation of the band gap transition in atomically thin ReS${}_2$
• Local modified Becke-Johnson exchange-correlation potential for interfaces, surfaces, and two-dimensional materials
• Interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: Binding energy, Stark shift, and field-induced dissociation
• Deep-ultraviolet electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures
• Self-Aligned van der Waals Heterojunction Diodes and Transistors
• Condensation signatures of photogenerated interlayer excitons in a van der Waals heterostack
• Double resonant Raman scattering and valley coherence generation in monolayer WSe2
• Upconverted electroluminescence via Auger scattering of interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Gate tunable WSe2/SnSe2 backward diode with ultrahigh reverse rectification ratio
• Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials
• Efficient cathodoluminescence of monolayer transitional metal dichalcogenides in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Anisotropic mechanical and optical response and negative Poissons ratio in Mo2C nanomembranes revealed by first-principles simulations
• Ferroelectric Domain Patterning Controlled Schottky Junction State in Monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Emergence of Frohlich polaron from interlayer electron-phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructure
• Light-Matter Interactions in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dominant Excitonic Transitions in mono- and few-layer MoX${}_2$ and Band Nesting
• Ultra-thin van der Waals crystals as semiconductor quantum wells
• Femtosecond valley polarization and topological resonances in transition metal dichalcogenides
• Opportunities in Electrically Tunable 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Recent Progress and Future Outlook
• Rearrangement of Van-der-Waals Stacking and Formation of a Singlet State at $T=90$ K in a Cluster Magnet
• Excitonic emission of monolayer semiconductors near-field coupled to high-Q microresonators
• Thermal light emission from monolayer MoS2
• Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Applications
• Planar and van der Waals heterostructures for vertical tunnelling single electron transistors
• Sub-bandgap voltage electroluminescence and magneto-oscillations in a WSe2 light-emitting van der Waals heterostructure
• Construction of van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction using ferromagnetic layered dichalcogenide
• Gate-Defined Quantum Confinement in InSe-based van der Waals Heterostructures
• Observation of hybrid Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with GaAs quantum wells and a MoSe2 monolayer
• Efficient Computational Design of 2D van der Waals Heterostructures: Band-Alignment, Lattice-Mismatch, Web-app Generation and Machine-learning
• One-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction diode
• Distinctive signatures of the spin- and momentum-forbidden dark exciton states in the photo-luminescences of strained WSe${}_2$ monolayers under thermalization
• Fine structure of $\mathrm{K}$-excitons in multilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
• Asymmetric Electric Field Screening in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Dielectric Engineering of Electronic Correlations in a van der Waals Heterostructure
• Pinpoint pick-up and bubble-free assembly of 2D materials using PDMS/PMMA polymers with lens shapes
• Theory of intervalley Coulomb interactions in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Excitation-induced transition to indirect band gaps in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
• Strain-driven valley states and phase transitions in Janus VSiGeN4 monolayer
• Dative epitaxy of commensurate monocrystalline covalent-van der Waals moiré supercrystal
• Interlayer Coupling in Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials
• Exploring the Structural Stability, Electronic and Thermal Attributes of synthetic 2D Materials and their Heterostructures
• Alternating superconducting and charge density wave monolayers within bulk 6R-TaS2
• Parity-Dependent Moiré Superlattices in Graphene/h-BN Heterostructures: A Route to Mechanomutable Metamaterials
• Rotationally Aligned Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Sapphire by High-Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxy
• Excitonic Resonance Effects and Davydov Splitting in Circularly Polarized Raman Spectra of Few-Layer WSe2
• Unique excitonic effects in tungsten disulphide monolayers on two-layer graphene
• Ultralow Schottky Barriers in hBN-Encapsulated Monolayer WSe${}_2$ Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors
• Field-induced dissociation of two-dimensional excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Mechanical and liquid phase exfoliation of cylindrite: a natural van der Waals superlattice with intrinsic magnetic interactions
• Low-loss integrated nanophotonic circuits with layered semiconductor materials
• Tight-binding terahertz plasmons in chemical vapor deposited graphene
• Photodetecting and Light-Emitting Devices Based on Two Dimensional Materials
• Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Semiconductors
• Large Area Automated Characterisation of Chemical Vapour Deposition Grown Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Through Photoluminescence Imaging
• Electronic and optical excitations of two-dimensional ZrS${}_2$ and HfS${}_2$ and their heterostructure
• Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction in Graphene/h-BN van der Waals Heterostructures
• Tunneling-current-induced local excitonic luminescence in p-doped WSe${}_2$ monolayers
• Exposing the trion's fine structure by controlling the carrier concentration in hBN-encapsulated MoS${}_2$
• Light emission from the layered metal 2H-TaSe${}_2$ and its potential applications
• Light-matter interaction in van der Waals heterostructures
• Control of interlayer delocalization in 2H transition metal dichalcogenides
• Frequency-dependent substrate screening of excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
• Transfer matrix approach for the Kerr and Faraday rotation in layered nanostructures
• GW band structure of monolayer MoS2 using the SternheimerGW method and effect of dielectric environment
• Nonlinear optics in 2D materials: from classical to quantum
• Highly Accurate, Reliable and Non-Contaminating Two-Dimensional Material Transfer System
• Transport and localization of indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Exciton in phosphorene: Strain, impurity, thickness and heterostructure
• Tuning carrier concentration in a superacid treated MoS${}_2$ monolayer
• Spatial control of laser-induced doping profiles in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
• Tunable optical nonlinearity for TMD polaritons dressed by a Fermi sea
• Simultaneous measurement of anisotropic thermal conductivity and thermal boundary conductance of 2-dimensional materials
• Brightening of a dark monolayer semiconductor via strong light-matter coupling in a cavity
• Surface-diffusion-limited growth of atomically thin WS2 crystals from core-shell nuclei
• Electrically pumped WSe${}_2$-based light-emitting van der Waals heterostructures embedded in monolithic dielectric microcavities
• Variation of photoluminescence spectral line shape of monolayer WS2
• Voltage-controlled long-range propagation of indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructure
• Doping of large-pore crown graphene nanomesh
• Strain and Water Effects on the Electronic Structure and Chemical Activity of In-Plane Graphene/Silicene Heterostructure
• Oxidising and carburising catalyst conditioning for the controlled growth and transfer of large crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride
• Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al${}_2$O${}_3$ on graphene using monolayer hBN as interfacial layer
• Electric Dipole Spin Resonance of 2D Semiconductor Spin Qubits
• Simultaneous Assembly of van der Waals Heterostructures into Multiple Nanodevices
• Monolayer WS${}_2$ electro- and photo-luminescence enhancement by TFSI treatment
• Heat transfer at the van der Waals interface between graphene and NbSe2
• Radially polarized light beams from spin-forbidden dark excitons and trions in monolayer WSe${}_2$
• Microscopic theory of exciton and trion polaritons in doped monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
• Dynamical screening effects of substrate phonons on two-dimensional excitons
• Triplet excitation and electroluminescence from a supramolecular monolayer embedded in a boron nitride tunnel barrier
• Light extraction from 2D materials using liquid formed micro-lenses
• Light emission properties of mechanical exfoliation induced extended defects in hexagonal boron nitride flakes
• Annihilation mechanism of excitons in a MoS2 monolayer through direct Förster-type energy transfer and multistep diffusion
• Computing Optical Properties of Ultra-thin Crystals
• Ni Foam Assisted Synthesis of High Quality Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Large Domain Size and Controllable Thickness
• Local tuning of WS2 photoluminescence using polymeric micro-actuators in a monolithic van der Waals heterostructure
• Adsorption of NO2 on WSe2: DFT and photoelectron spectroscopy studies
• Investigating laser induced phase engineering in MoS2 transistors
• Abrupt changes in the graphene on Ge(001) system at the onset of surface melting
• ZnPSe${}_3$ as ultrabright indirect bandgap system with microsecond excitonic lifetimes
• Interlayer excitonic spectra of vertically stacked MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Moiré patterns generated by stacked 2D lattices: a general algorithm to identify primitive coincidence cells
• First-principles quantum corrections for carrier correlations in double-layer two-dimensional heterostructures
• Light sources with bias tunable spectrum based on van der Waals interface transistors
• Photonics in Flatland: Challenges and Opportunities for Nanophotonics with 2D Semiconductors
• Metric-driven search for structurally stable inorganic compounds
• Selective Etching of Hexagonal Boron Nitride by High-Pressure CF4 Plasma for Individual One-dimensional Ohmic Contacts to Graphene Layers
• Anisotropic strain effects in small-twist-angle graphene on graphite
• Growth, charge and thermal transport of flowered graphene
• Phonon-Mediated Quasiparticle Lifetime Renormalizations in Few-Layer Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Self-assembled nano-columns in Bi2Se3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy
• Novel wide spectrum light absorber heterostructures based on hBN/In(Ga)Te
• Long-distance decay-less spin transport in indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Incoherent phonon transport dominates heat conduction across van der Waals superlattices
• Photodiodes based in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/single layer MoS2 hybrid vertical heterostructures
• Bound states in the Brillouin zone continuum
• Two-dimensional Janus van der Waals heterojunctions: a review of recent research progresses
• Microsphere-coupled light emission control of van der Waals heterostructures
• Electronic structure of 2D van der Waals crystals and heterostructures investigated by spatially- and angle-resolved photoemission
• Three-dimensional Self-assembled Columnar Arrays of AlInP Quantum Wires for Polarized Micron-sized Amber Light Emitting Diodes
• Quasiparticle gap renormalization driven by internal and external screening in a WS${}_2$ device
• Genuine Ohmic van der Waals contact between indium and MoS2
• Nanorobotic actuator based on interlayer sliding ferroelectricity and field-tunable friction
• The impact of stress on the electronic structure of phosphorus allotropes stacked on hexagonal boron nitride
• Device model for pixelless infrared image up-converters based on polycrystalline graphene heterostructures
• Winterface: An Interface from Wannier90 to Quantum Transport
• Effect of exciton-phonon coupling on the interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides double layers
• The scaling of the microLED and the advantage of 2D materials
• Charge distribution at metal-multilayered semiconductor interfaces
• Long-range spatial extension of exciton states in van der Waals heterostructure
• Electrically modulated light-emitting diodes driven by resonant and antiresonant tunneling between Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ electrodes
• Optical response of WSe${}_2$-based vertical tunneling junction
• Electrically driven strain-induced deterministic single-photon emitters in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Laterally confined photonic crystal surface emitting laser based on monolayer tungsten disulfide operating at room temperature
• Understanding the Effects of Dielectric Property, Separation Distance, and Band Alignment on Interlayer Excitons in 2D Hybrid MoS2/WSe2 Heterostructures
• Coupling quantum emitters in 2D materials with tapered fibers
• Theoretical analysis of injection driven thermal light emitters based on graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride
• Considerations for utilizing sodium chloride in epitaxial molybdenum disulfide
• Excitation energy dependence of Raman spectra of few-layer WS2
• Black phosphorus van der Waals heterostructures light emitting diodes for mid-infrared silicon photonics