Light matter interaction in transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures

Abstract

The investigation of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials is a vibrant, fast moving and still growing interdisciplinary area of research. 2D vdW materials are truly 2D crystals with strong covalent in-plane bonds and weak van der Waals interaction between the layers with a variety of different electronic, optical and mechanical properties. A very prominent class of 2D materials are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and amongst them particularly the semiconducting subclass. Their properties include bandgaps in the near-infrared to the visible range, decent charge carrier mobility together with high (photo-)catalytic and mechanical stability and exotic many body phenomena. These characteristics make the materials highly attractive for both fundamental research as well as innovative device applications. Furthermore, the materials exhibit a strong light matter interaction providing a high sun light absorbance of up to 15% in the monolayer limit, strong scattering cross section in Raman experiments and access to excitonic phenomena in vdW heterostructures. This review focuses on the light matter interaction in MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 that is dictated by the materials complex dielectric functions and on the multiplicity of studying the first order phonon modes by Raman spectroscopy to gain access to several material properties such as doping, strain, defects and temperature. 2D materials provide an interesting platform to stack them into vdW heterostructures without the limitation of lattice mismatch resulting in novel devices for application but also to study exotic many body interaction phenomena such as interlayer excitons. Future perspectives of semiconducting TMDs and their heterostructures for applications in optoelectronic devices will be examined and routes to study emergent fundamental problems and many-body quantum phenomena under excitations with photons will be discussed.

30 pages, 11 figures

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• Light-emitting diodes by bandstructure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures
• Measurement of the optical dielectric function of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2
• Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material
• Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides
• Symmetry-dependent phonon renormalization in monolayer MoS2 transistor
• Magnetic Control of Valley Pseudospin in Monolayer WSe2
• Valley Zeeman Effect in Elementary Optical Excitations of a Monolayer WSe2
• Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in monolayer MoSe2
• The hot pick-up technique for batch assembly of van der Waals heterostructures
• Determination of band alignment in the single layer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction
• Large and tunable photo-thermoelectric effect in single-layer MoS2
• High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Valley Splitting and Polarization by the Zeeman Effect in Monolayer MoSe2
• Electron-hole transport and photovoltaic effect in gated MoS2 Schottky junctions
• Visibility of dichalcogenide nanolayers
• Gate-induced Superconductivity in atomically thin MoS2 crystals
• Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers
• Helicity resolved Raman scattering of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 atomic layers
• Vibrational and optical properties of MoS${}_2$: from monolayer to bulk
• Observation of interlayer phonon modes in van der Waals heterostructures
• Precise and reversible band gap tuning in single-layer MoSe2 by uniaxial strain
• Raman spectroscopy of the interlayer shear mode in few-layer MoS2 flakes
• Observation of Ultrafast Free Carrier Dynamics in Single Layer MoS${}_2$
• Unified description of the optical phonon modes in $N$-layer MoTe${}_2$
• Ultrafast Band Structure Control of a Two-Dimensional Heterostructure
• Temperature dependent excitonic effects in the optical properties of single-layer MoS${}_2$
• Stark effect spectroscopy of mono- and few-layer MoS${}_2$
• Newly observed first-order resonant Raman modes in few-layer MoS${}_2$
• Imaging Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of Mono- and Few-layer MoS2
• Temperature-dependent nonlinear phonon shifts in a supported MoS2 monolayer
• Photogating of mono- and few-layer MoS2
• Splitting of the monolayer out-of-plane A'1 Raman mode in few-layer WS2
• Coherence and Optical Emission from Bilayer Exciton Condensates
• Confocal shift interferometry of coherent emission from trapped dipolar excitons

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Long-lived direct and indirect interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Inter- and intra-layer excitons in MoS${}_2$/WS${}_2$ and MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Raman spectrum of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers WSSe and MoSSe
• Near-unity light absorption in a monolayer WS2 van der Waals heterostructure cavity
• Hybrid k$\cdot$p tight-binding model for subbands and infrared intersubband optics in few-layer films of transition-metal dichalcogenides: MoS${}_2$, MoSe${}_2$, WS${}_2$ and WSe${}_2$
• Optical dipole orientation of interlayer excitons in MoSe${}_2$-WSe${}_2$ heterostacks
• Light-matter interaction in van der Waals heterostructures
• Tunable optical nonlinearity for TMD polaritons dressed by a Fermi sea
• A colloquium on the variational method applied to excitons in 2D materials
• Tuning the Optical Properties of an MoSe${}_2$ Monolayer Using Nanoscale Plasmonic Antennas
• Impact of dark excitons on Förster type resonant energy transfer between dye molecules and atomically thin semiconductors
• New insights in the lattice dynamics of monolayers, bilayers, and trilayers of WSe2 and unambiguous determination of few-layer-flakes' thickness
• Atomic-Void van der Waals Channel Waveguides
• Electromagnetic modes and resonances of two-dimensional bodies
• Excitation-Dependent High-Lying Excitonic Exchange via Interlayer Energy Transfer from Lower-to-Higher Bandgap 2D Material
• Experimental demonstration of the suppression of optical phonon splitting in 2D materials by Raman spectroscopy
• Photonics in Flatland: Challenges and Opportunities for Nanophotonics with 2D Semiconductors
• Large trion binding energy in monolayer WS${}_2$ via strain-enhanced electron-phonon coupling
• Transport through vertical graphene contacts under intense laser fields
• Ultra-Sensitive Extinction Measurements of Optically Active Defects in Monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Non-local optical response of a multi-phased quantum material
• Impact of Electrical Contacts on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides-Based Acoustoelectric and Acousto-Photoelectric Devices