Spin Hall Effect and Origins of Nonlocal Resistance in Adatom-Decorated Graphene

Abstract

Recent experiments reporting unexpectedly large spin Hall effect (SHE) in graphene decorated with adatoms have raised a fierce controversy. We apply numerically exact Kubo and Landauer- Buttiker formulas to realistic models of gold-decorated disordered graphene (including adatom clustering) to obtain the spin Hall conductivity and spin Hall angle, as well as the nonlocal resistance as a quantity accessible to experiments. Large spin Hall angles of 0.1 are obtained at zero-temperature, but their dependence on adatom clustering differs from the predictions of semiclassical transport theories. Furthermore, we find multiple background contributions to the nonlocal resistance, some of which are unrelated to SHE or any other spin-dependent origin, as well as a strong suppression of SHE at room temperature. This motivates us to design a multiterminal graphene geometry which suppresses these background contributions and could, therefore, quantify the upper limit for spin current generation in two-dimensional materials.

Computational resources from PRACE and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (Mare Nostrum), under Project 2015133194 acknowledged

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• Anomalous Nonlocal Resistance and Spin-charge Conversion Mechanisms in Two-Dimensional Metals
• Spin-orbit interaction in Pt or Bi2Te3 nanoparticle-decorated graphene realized by a nanoneedle method
• Gate-tunable spin Hall effect in an all-light-element heterostructure: graphene with copper oxide
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• Reliability of spin-to-charge conversion measurements in graphene-based lateral spin valves
• Reconciling Kubo and Keldysh Approaches to Fermi-Sea-Dependent Nonequilibrium Observables: Application to Spin Hall Current and Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics
• Coverage-dependent magnetic and electronic properties of graphene with Co adatoms
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