Observation of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene

Abstract

When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subjected to strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them become dominant and can lead to novel states of matter such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. In these liquids electrons linked to magnetic flux quanta form complex composite quasipartices, which are manifested in the quantization of the Hall conductivity as rational fractions of the conductance quantum. The recent experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene has opened up a new avenue in the study of correlated 2D electronic systems, in which the interacting electron wavefunctions are those of massless chiral fermions. However, due to the prevailing disorder, graphene has thus far exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite concerted experimental efforts and intense theoretical interest. Here, we report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean suspended graphene, supporting the existence of strongly correlated electron states in the presence of a magnetic field. In addition, at low carrier density graphene becomes an insulator with an energy gap tunable by magnetic field. These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study a new state of matter of strongly correlated Dirac fermions in the presence of large magnetic fields.

References in corpus (24)

• The electronic properties of graphene
• Two-Dimensional Gas of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene
• Experimental Observation of Quantum Hall Effect and Berry's Phase in Graphene
• Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
• Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation
• Suspended Graphene: a bridge to the Dirac point
• Electronic Properties of Disordered Two-Dimensional Carbon
• Temperature dependent transport in suspended graphene
• Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Graphene
• Landau Level Splitting in Graphene in High Magnetic Fields
• Electronic transport and quantum Hall effect in bipolar graphene p-n-p junction
• The Nature of Quantum Hall States near the Charge Neutral Dirac Point in Graphene
• Collective Modes and Skyrmion Excitations in Graphene SU(4) Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
• The Fractional Quantum Hall States of Dirac Electrons in Graphene
• Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Divergent resistance at the Dirac point in graphene: Evidence for a transition in a high magnetic field
• Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• Conformal Invariance and Shape-Dependent Conductance of Graphene Samples
• SU(4) composite fermions in graphene: New fractional quantum Hall states
• The nature of localization in graphene under quantum Hall conditions
• Quantum Hall fluctuations and evidence for charging in the quantum Hall effect
• Analysis of a SU(4) generalization of Halperin's wave function as an approach towards a SU(4) fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene sheets
• Composite Dirac fermions in graphene
• Coupled charge and valley excitations in graphene quantum Hall ferromagnets

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• An incompressible state of a photo-excited electron gas
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• Multi-component fractional quantum Hall states in graphene: SU(4) versus SU(2)
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• Two-component parton fractional quantum Hall state in graphene
• Enhanced tunability of two-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO3 through heterostructuring
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• Evidence for Topological Protection Derived from Six-Flux Composite Fermions
• Fractional quantum Hall effect of topological surface states under a strong tilted magnetic field
• Strong localization in a suspended monolayer graphene by intervalley scattering
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• Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in n=0 Landau Band of Graphene with Chern Number Matrix
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• Collective excitations of fractional quantum Hall states in monolayer graphene
• The Universal Edge Physics in Fractional Quantum Hall Liquids
• Surface Transport and Quantum Hall Effect in Ambipolar Black Phosphorus Double Quantum Wells
• High transparency induced superconductivity in field effect two-dimensional electron gases in undoped InAs/AlGaSb surface quantum wells
• Observation of magnetic fragmentation in spin ice
• Hydrodynamic study of edge spin-vortex excitations of fractional quantum Hall fluid
• Bosonic Halperin fractional quantum Hall effect at filling factor $\nu =2/5$
• Robust Topological Bound States in the Continuum in a Quantum Hall Bar with an Anti-dot
• Renormalization of the optical band gap through an effective Thirring interaction for massive Dirac-like electrons
• Density dependence of the excitation gaps in an undoped Si/SiGe double-quantum-well heterostructure
• Optical signatures of -1/3 fractional quantum anomalous Hall state in twisted MoTe2
• Three-component fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands
• Strongly interacting Hofstadter states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
• Anomalous Transport Gaps of Fractional Quantum Hall Phases in Graphene Landau Levels are Induced by Spin-Valley Entangled Ground States
• Dynamics of quasiholes and quasiparticles at the edges of small lattices
• Fractional quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene beyond the single Landau level approximation
• Edge dependence of the Josephson current in the quantum Hall regime
• Study of polarization of even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in SU(4) Graphene
• Many-body effects in suspended graphene probed through magneto-phonon resonances
• Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene and other 2-Band 2-D Materials
• Ultrafast zero balance of the oscillator-strength sum rule in graphene
• The triggering role of carrier mobility in the fractional quantum Hall effect-evidence in graphene
• Signatures of Fractional Quantum Hall States in Topological Insulators
• Insulator-Metal Transition and Magnetic Crossover in Bilayer Graphene
• Impact of in-situ controlled disorder screening on fractional quantum Hall effects and composite-fermion transport
• A study of the magnetotransport properties of the graphene (II. Fractional Quantum Hall Effect)
• Topological states in double monolayer graphene
• Microwave Imaging of Edge Conductivity in Graphene at Charge Neutrality and Quantum Hall States
• Interaction-driven charge textures and unconventional superconductivity in strained monolayer graphene
• Bag boundaries for quasispinor confinement within nanolanes on a graphene sheet
• Zone-resolved photoelectronic scoping of the local bonding and electronic dynamics at the graphite skin with and without atomic vacancy and the associated graphene edge states
• Cascade of fractional quantum Hall states in 2D system