Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping

Abstract

The atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials provides a unique opportunity to control material properties and engineer new functionalities by electrostatic doping. Electrostatic doping has been demonstrated to tune the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials in a wide range, as well as to drive the electronic phase transitions. The recent discovery of atomically thin magnetic insulators has opened up the prospect of electrical control of magnetism and new devices with unprecedented performance. Here we demonstrate control of the magnetic properties of monolayer and bilayer CrI3 by electrostatic doping using a dual-gate field-effect device structure. In monolayer CrI3, doping significantly modifies the saturation magnetization, coercive force and Curie temperature, showing strengthened (weakened) magnetic order with hole (electron) doping. Remarkably, in bilayer CrI3 doping drastically changes the interlayer magnetic order, causing a transition from an antiferromagnetic ground state in the pristine form to a ferromagnetic ground state above a critical electron density. The result reveals a strongly doping-dependent interlayer exchange coupling, which enables robust switching of magnetization in bilayer CrI3 by small gate voltages.

12 pages and 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (295)

• Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
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• Electric-field control of magnetism in few-layered van der Waals magnet
• Direct observation of van der Waals stacking dependent interlayer magnetism
• Van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance device applications: challenges and opportunities
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• Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single spin microscopy
• Colloquium: Spintronics in graphene and other two-dimensional materials
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• Structure-driven intercalated architecture of septuple-atomic-layer $M{A}_2{Z}_4$ family with diverse properties from semiconductor to topological insulator to Ising superconductor
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• Stacking tunable interlayer magnetism in bilayer CrI3
• Evidence for a single-layer van der Waals multiferroic
• Topological superconductivity in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Atomically Thin CrCl3: An in-Plane Layered Antiferromagnetic Insulator
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• Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides
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• Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropy in Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ by Electrostatic Gating
• Giant enhancement of interlayer exchange in an ultrathin 2D magnet
• Two dimensional magnets: Forgotten history and recent progress towards spintronic applications
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• Ferromagnetic van der Waals crystal VI3
• Fundamental Spin Interactions Underlying the Magnetic Anisotropy in the Kitaev Ferromagnet CrI${}_3$
• Spin-flop transition in atomically thin MnPS${}_3$ crystals
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• Raman Spectroscopy, Photocatalytic Degradation and Stabilization of Atomically Thin Chromium Triiodide
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• Magnetic field-induced quantum phase transitions in a van der Waals magnet
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• Machine Learning Study of the Magnetic Ordering in 2D Materials
• Tailored tunnel magnetoresistance response in three ultrathin chromium trihalides
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• Curie Temperature of Emerging Two-Dimensional Magnetic Structures
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• Spin Dynamics in van der Waals Magnetic Systems
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• Gate-controlled Magnetotransport and Electrostatic Modulation of Magnetism in 2D magnetic semiconductor CrPS${}_4$
• Nearly room temperature ferromagnetism in pressure-induced correlated metallic state of van der Waals insulator CrGeTe${}_3$
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• Electrically Switchable van der Waals Magnon Valves
• Theory and simulations of critical temperatures in CrI3 and other 2D materials: Easy-axis magnetic order and easy-plane Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions
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• Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Doped Topological Insulators and Ferromagnetic Spin-Gapless Semiconductors -- A Perspective Review
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• Magnetic polaron and antiferro-ferromagnetic transition in doped bilayer CrI${}_3$
• Spin dynamics slowdown near the antiferromagnetic critical point in atomically thin FePS3
• Structural phase transitions in VSe2: energetics, electronic structure and magnetism
• Magnetic exchange interactions in monolayer CrI${}_3$ from many-body wavefunction calculations
• An electron-counting rule to determine the interlayer magnetic coupling of the van der Waals materials
• Progress and Prospects in Two-Dimensional Magnetism of van der Waals Materials
• Realization of Semiconducting Layered Multiferroic Heterojunctions via Asymmetrical Magnetoelectric Coupling
• Tunable magneto-optical effect, anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in two-dimensional room-temperature ferromagnet $1T$-CrTe${}_2$
• Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect in VI${}_3$
• Inducing Magnetic Phase Transitions in Monolayer CrI${}_3$ via Lattice Deformations
• Tunable layered-magnetism-assisted magneto-Raman effect in a two-dimensional magnet $\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{I}}_3$
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• Magnetic skyrmion lattices in a novel two-dimensional twisted bilayer magnet
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• Switching on and off the spin polarization of the conduction band in antiferromagnetic bilayer transistors
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• Electronic Structure of Chromium Trihalides beyond Density Functional Theory
• Atomic-scale defects in the two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI${}_3$ from first principles
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• Multiple antiferromagnetic phases and magnetic anisotropy in exfoliated CrBr${}_3$ multilayers
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• Layer Dependence of Stacking Order in Nonencapsulated Few-layer CrI3
• Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures
• Tunneling spectroscopy as a probe of fractionalization in 2D magnetic heterostructures
• 2D van der Waals Nanoplatelets with Robust Ferromagnetism
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• Phonon-limited Mobility of 2D Semiconductors: Quadrupole Scattering and Free-carrier Screening
• Structural and magnetic response of CrI3 monolayer to electric field
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• Magnon-phonon interactions enhance the gap at the Dirac point in the spin-wave spectra of CrI${}_3$ two-dimensional magnets
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• First Principles Heisenberg Models of 2D magnetic materials: The Importance of Quantum Corrections to the Exchange Coupling
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• Emergent magnetic states due to stacking and strain in the van der Waals magnetic trilayer CrI3
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• Varied magnetic phases in a van der Waals easy-plane antiferromagnet revealed by nitrogen-vacancy center microscopy
• Tunable large spin Nernst effect in a two-dimensional magnetic bilayer
• Understanding and tuning magnetism in layered Ising-type antiferromagnet FePSe3 for potential 2D magnet
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• Roadmap on Quantum Magnetic Materials
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• Creating a three dimensional intrinsic electric dipole on rotated CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Magnetic State Control of Non-van der Waals 2D Materials by Hydrogenation
• All optical resonant magnetization switching in ${\text{CrI}}_3$ monolayers
• Pressure evolution of electronic structure and magnetism in the layered van der Waals ferromagnet CrGeTe${}_3$
• Room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors through metal-semiconductor transition in monolayer MnSe2
• Growth of high-quality CrI3 single crystals and engineering of its magnetic properties via V and Mn doping
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• Mechanism of carrier doping induced magnetic phase transitions in two-dimensional materials
• Valley-polarized domain wall magnons in 2D ferromagnetic bilayers
• Fundamentals and applications of Van der Waals magnets in magnon spintronics
• Magnetoelectricity in two-dimensional materials
• Giant gate-tunable renormalization of spin-correlated flat-band states and bandgap in a 2D magnetic insulator
• Resonant Raman Scattering of Few Layers CrBr${}_3$
• Magnetic interactions and spin excitations in van der Waals ferromagnet VI${}_3$
• Modification of unconventional Hall effect with doping at the non-magnetic site in a 2D van der Waals ferromagnet
• Anomalous ferromagnetism and magneto-optical Kerr effect in semiconducting double perovskite Ba2NiOsO6 and its (111) (Ba2NiOsO6)/(BaTiO3)10 superlattice
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• Kinetically-controlled epitaxial growth of Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$ van der Waals ferromagnetic films
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• Magnetoelectric torque in polar magnetic bilayers
• Electronic excitations and spin interactions in chromium trihalides from embedded many-body wavefunctions
• Anisotropic Gigahertz Antiferromagnetic Resonances of the Easy-Axis van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrSBr
• Quasi-1D Coulomb drag between spin-polarized quantum wires
• Current switching behavior mediated via hinge modes in higher-order topological phases using altermagnets
• Space-Charge-Limited van der Waals Spin Transistor
• DMRG and Monte Carlo studies of ${\text{CrI}}_3$ magnetic phases and the phase transition
• Anomalous enhancement of magnetism by nonmagnetic doping in the honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnet ErOCl
• Electronic Energy Scales of Cr$X_3$ ($X$ = Cl, Br, and I) using High-resolution X-ray Scattering
• Quantum Stoner-Wohlfarth model of two-dimensional single domain magnets
• Topological properties of multilayer magnon insulators
• Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase in Bilayer Graphene with Layer-Dependent Proximity Effects
• Coherent Spin-Phonon Coupling in the Layered Ferrimagnet Mn3Si2Te6
• Orbital mixing and strong Hund's coupling stabilize spin order in van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3
• Current-induced spin-orbit torque on the surface of a transition metal dichalcogenide connected to a two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI${}_3$: Effects of twisting and gating
• Environmental Screening and Ligand-Field Effects to Magnetism in CrI${}_3$ Monolayer
• Valence Modifications in Hygroscopic VI3 Degraded Crystals via Soft X-Ray Synchrotron Radiation
• Electrostatic Control of Magneto-Optic Excitonic Resonances in the van der Waals Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Computational Frameworks for Patterned Two-Dimensional Magnetism