Optical modulators with two-dimensional layered materials

Abstract

Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. With existing and emerging technologies increasingly demanding compact, efficient, fast and broadband optical modulators, high-performance light modulation solutions are becoming indispensable. The recent realization that two-dimensional layered materials could modulate light with superior performance has prompted intense research and significant advances, paving the way for realistic applications. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of optical modulators based on two-dimensional layered materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. We discuss recent advances employing hybrid structures, such as two-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fibre integrated structures. We also take a look at future perspectives and discuss the potential of yet relatively unexplored mechanisms such as magneto-optic and acousto-optic modulation.

18 pages, 6 figures

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• Graphene plasmonics
• Two-Dimensional Material Nanophotonics
• Substrate-induced band gap opening in epitaxial graphene
• Atomically thin p-n junctions with van der Waals heterointerfaces
• Ultrafast Charge Transfer in Atomically Thin MoS2/WS2 Heterostructures
• Observation of giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor
• Measurement of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene
• Broadband Linear-Dichroic Photodetector in a Black Phosphorus Vertical p-n Junction
• Manipulating infrared photons using plasmons in transparent graphene superlattices
• Emergence of Superlattice Dirac Points in Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Optical signature of symmetry variations and spin-valley coupling in atomically thin tungsten dichalcogenides
• Probing Excitonic Dark States in Single-layer Tungsten Disulfide
• Giant Faraday rotation in single- and multilayer graphene
• Electrical Control of Second-Harmonic Generation in a WSe2 Monolayer Transistor
• High quality sandwiched black phosphorus heterostructure and its quantum oscillations
• Magnetic field tuning of terahertz Dirac plasmons in graphene
• Optomechanical coupling between a multilayer graphene mechanical resonator and a superconducting microwave cavity
• Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene
• Intrinsic Terahertz Plasmons and Magnetoplasmons in Large Scale Monolayer Graphene
• Effective electro-optical modulation with high extinction ratio by a graphene-silicon microring resonator
• Coherent control of light interaction with graphene

Cited by in corpus (136)

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• Theory and Design of Multifunctional Space-Time Metasurfaces
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• Two-dimensional Materials with Giant Optical Nonlinearities Near the Theoretical Upper Limit
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• Efficient Computational Design of 2D van der Waals Heterostructures: Band-Alignment, Lattice-Mismatch, Web-app Generation and Machine-learning
• Nonlinear optical selection rules of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Investigating the CVD synthesis of graphene on Ge(100): towards layer by layer growth
• Two-dimensional Platinum Diselenide Waveguide-Integrated Infrared Photodetectors
• Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay
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• Vertically-oriented MoS${}_2$ nanosheets for nonlinear optical devices
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• Steady-state nonlinear optical response of excitons in monolayer MoSe${}_2$
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