Effective electro-optical modulation with high extinction ratio by a graphene-silicon microring resonator

Abstract

Graphene opens up for novel optoelectronic applications thanks to its high carrier mobility, ultra-large absorption bandwidth, and extremely fast material response. In particular, the opportunity to control optoelectronic properties through tuning of Fermi level enables electro-optical modulation, optical-optical switching, and other optoelectronics applications. However, achieving a high modulation depth remains a challenge because of the modest graphene-light interaction in the graphene-silicon devices, typically, utilizing only a monolayer or few layers of graphene. Here, we comprehensively study the interaction between graphene and a microring resonator, and its influence on the optical modulation depth. We demonstrate graphene-silicon microring devices showing a high modulation depth of 12.5 dB with a relatively low bias voltage of 8.8 V. On-off electro-optical switching with an extinction ratio of 3.8 dB is successfully demonstrated by applying a square-waveform with a 4 V peak-to-peak voltage.

12 pages, including 7 figures

References in corpus (15)

• Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
• The Raman Fingerprint of Graphene
• Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene
• Graphene Photonics and Optoelectronics
• Suspended Graphene: a bridge to the Dirac point
• Strong nonlinear optical response of graphene flakes measured by four-wave mixing
• Realization of a High Mobility Dual-gated Graphene Field Effect Transistor with Al2O3 Dielectric
• CMOS-compatible graphene photodetector covering all optical communication bands
• Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics
• Contact resistivity and current flow path at metal/graphene contact
• Third harmonic generation in graphene and few-layer graphite films
• Electrical Control of Plasmon Resonance with Graphene
• Enhanced light-matter interaction in graphene-covered gold nanovoid arrays
• Silicon nitride gate dielectrics and bandgap engineering in graphene layers
• Experimental observation of plasmons in a graphene monolayer resting on a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Optical modulators with two-dimensional layered materials
• Ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical switching with graphene-loaded deep-subwavelength plasmonic waveguides
• On-chip integrated, silicon-graphene plasmonic Schottky photodetector, with high responsivity and avalanche photogain
• Fabrication methods for integrating 2D materials
• Low-loss composite photonic platform based on 2D semiconductor monolayers
• Slow-light-enhanced energy efficiency for the graphene microheater on silicon photonic crystal waveguides
• Graphene-plasmon polaritons: From fundamental properties to potential applications
• High third-order Kerr optical nonlinearity in BiOBr 2D films measured by the Z-scan method
• Enhanced transmission modulation based on dielectric metasurfaces loaded with graphene
• Effective electro-optic modulation in low-loss graphene-plasmonic slot waveguides
• Photonic integrated circuit polarizers based on 2D materials
• Opportunities in Electrically Tunable 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Recent Progress and Future Outlook
• Linear absorption coefficient of in-plane graphene on a silicon microring resonator
• High-Q Dual-Band Graphene Absorbers by Selective Excitation of Graphene Plasmon Polaritons: Circuit Model Analysis
• Design and optimization of optical modulators based on graphene-on-silicon nitride microring resonators
• Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Planar Graphene Superlattices
• Stimulated plasmon polariton scattering
• Excitation of SPP's in graphene by a waveguide mode
• Wideband THz Low-Scattering Surface Based on Combination of Diffusion and Absorption
• Independently reconfigurable internal loss and resonance-shift in an interferometer-embedded optical cavity