Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropy in Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ by Electrostatic Gating

Abstract

Electrical control of magnetism of a ferromagnetic semiconductor offers exciting prospects for future spintronic devices for processing and storing information. Here, we report observation of electrically modulated magnetic phase transition and magnetic anisotropy in thin crystal of Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ (CGT), a layered ferromagnetic semiconductor. We show that heavily electron-doped ($\sim$ $10^{14}$ cm${}^{-2}$) CGT in an electric double-layer transistor device is found to exhibit hysteresis in magnetoresistance (MR), a clear signature of ferromagnetism, at temperatures up to above 200 K, which is significantly higher than the known Curie temperature of 61 K for an undoped material. Additionally, angle-dependent MR measurements reveal that the magnetic easy axis of this new ground state lies within the layer plane in stark contrast to the case of undoped CGT, whose easy axis points in the out-of-plane direction. We propose that significant doping promotes double-exchange mechanism mediated by free carriers, prevailing over the superexchange mechanism in the insulating state. Our findings highlight that electrostatic gating of this class of materials allows not only charge flow switching but also magnetic phase switching, evidencing their potential for spintronics applications.

References in corpus (15)

• Layer-dependent Ferromagnetism in a van der Waals Crystal down to the Monolayer Limit
• Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals crystals
• Gate-tunable Room-temperature Ferromagnetism in Two-dimensional Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$
• Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures
• Giant Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Spin-Filter van der Waals Heterostructures
• Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping
• Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling
• Electric-field control of magnetism in few-layered van der Waals magnet
• Superconductivity protected by spin-valley locking in ion-gated MoS2
• Magnon-assisted tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures based on CrBr3
• Electric Field Effect in Multilayer Cr2Ge2Te6: a Ferromagnetic Two-Dimensional Material
• Large magneto-optical effects and magnetic anisotropy energy in two-dimensional Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Charge transport in ion-gated mono-, bi-, and trilayer MoS2 field effect transistors
• A spin dynamics study in layered van der Waals single crystal, Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Angular dependence of magnetization reversal in epitaxial chromium telluride thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Cited by in corpus (56)

• Hidden low-temperature magnetic order revealed through magnetotransport in monolayer CrSBr
• Electrical control of magnetism by electric field and current-induced torques
• Breaking through the Mermin-Wagner limit in 2D van der Waals magnets
• Pervasive beyond room-temperature ferromagnetism in a doped van der Waals magnet: Ni doped Fe${}_5$GeTe${}_2$ with $T_{\text{C}}$ up to 478 K
• Gate-controlled Magnetotransport and Electrostatic Modulation of Magnetism in 2D magnetic semiconductor CrPS${}_4$
• Nearly room temperature ferromagnetism in pressure-induced correlated metallic state of van der Waals insulator CrGeTe${}_3$
• Pressure-enhanced ferromagnetism in layered CrSiTe3 flakes
• Probing spin dynamics of ultra-thin van der Waals magnets via photon-magnon coupling
• Designing magnetic properties in CrSBr through hydrostatic pressure and ligand substitution
• Ultrafast laser-driven topological spin textures on a 2D magnet
• Interface-enhanced ferromagnetism with long-distance effect in van der Waals semiconductor
• Magnetic Anisotropy in Two-dimensional van der Waals Magnetic Materials and Their Heterostructures: Importance, Mechanisms, and Opportunities
• Room temperature magnetic phase transition in an electrically-tuned van der Waals ferromagnet
• A seamless graphene spin valve based on proximity to van der Waals magnet Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Gate-tunable ferromagnetism in a van der Waals magnetic semimetal
• Nonvolatile Electric Control of Antiferromagnet CrSBr
• Self-intercalation as origin of high-temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxially grown Fe5GeTe2 thin films
• Tunable magnetism in 2D organic-ion-intercalated MnPS3 via molecule-dependent vacancy generation
• Visualizing thickness-dependent magnetic textures in few-layer ${\text{Cr}}_2{\text{Ge}}_2{\text{Te}}_6$
• Magnetism-induced band-edge shift as mechanism for magnetoconductance in CrPS${}_4$ transistors
• Higher-order Topological Phases of Magnons in van der Waals Honeycomb Ferromagnets
• Polaronic Conductivity in Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ Single Crystals
• Controllable phase transitions between multiple charge density waves in monolayer 1T-VSe${}_2$ via doping and strain engineering
• Field-controlled quantum anomalous Hall effect in electron-doped CrSiTe${}_3$ monolayer: a first-principles prediction
• Signatures of magnetism in zigzag graphene nanoribbon embedded in h-BN lattice
• Creating a three dimensional intrinsic electric dipole on rotated CrI${}_3$ bilayers
• Pressure evolution of electronic structure and magnetism in the layered van der Waals ferromagnet CrGeTe${}_3$
• Gate-tunable anomalous Hall effect in a 3D topological insulator/2D magnet van der Waals heterostructure
• Above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in ultrathin van der Waals crystal Fe${}_{3+x}$GaTe${}_2$
• Mechanism of carrier doping induced magnetic phase transitions in two-dimensional materials
• Imaging strain-controlled magnetic reversal in thin CrSBr
• The effect of surface oxidation and crystal thickness on magnetic properties and magnetic domain structures of Cr2Ge2Te6
• Gate-tunable Exchange Bias and Voltage-controlled Magnetization Switching in a van der Waals Ferromagnet
• Unusual ferromagnetic band evolution and high Curie temperature in monolayer 1T-CrTe2 on bilayer graphene
• Electrical tuning of the magnetic properties of 2D magnets: the case of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\mathrm{Ge}}_2{\mathrm{Te}}_6$
• Anomalous Tunneling Magnetoresistance Oscillation and Electrically Tunable Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Few-layer CrPS4
• Ferromagnetism above 200 K in organic-ion intercalated CrSBr
• Tunable bifurcation of magnetic anisotropy and bi-oriented antiferromagnetic order in kagome metal GdTi3Bi4
• Superfluid Spin Transistor
• Controllable magnetic anisotropy and ferroelasticity in superconducting FeSe monolayer with surface fluorine adsorption
• Charge doping into spin minority states mediates doubling of $T_{\mathrm{C}}$ in ferromagnetic CrGeTe${}_3$
• Symmetry-enforced double Weyl points, multiband quantum geometry, and singular flat bands of doping-induced states at the Fermi level
• Hard ferromagnetism down to the thinnest limit of iron-intercalated tantalum disulfide
• Near room-temperature ferromagnetism from double-exchange in the van der Waals material CrGeTe${}_3$: evidence from optical conductivity under pressure
• The atlas of ferroicity in two dimensional MGeX3 family: room-temperature ferromagnetic half metals and unexpected ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity
• Monolayer Fe${}_3$GaX${}_2$ (X=I, Br, Sb): high-temperature two-dimensional magnets and a novel partially ordered spin state
• Structure dependent and strain tunable magnetic ordering in ultrathin chromium telluride
• Substrate pre-sputtering for layer-by-layer van der Waals epitaxy of 2D materials
• Electric-field control of two-dimensional ferromagnetic properties by chiral ionic gating
• Unprecedented Spin-Lifetime of Itinerant Electrons in Natural Graphite Crystals
• Impact of the honeycomb spin-lattice on topological magnons and edge states in ferromagnetic 2D skyrmion crystals
• High Curie Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductor: Bimetal Transition Iodide V${}_2$Cr${}_2$I${}_9$
• Strain-Mediated Lattice Reconstruction Enhances Ferromagnetism in Cr2Ge2Te6/WTe2 van der Waals Heterobilayers
• Nanomechanical probing and strain tuning of the Curie temperature in suspended Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$ heterostructures
• Modulating Curie Temperature and Magnetic Anisotropy in Nanoscale Layered Cr_{2}Te_{3} Films: Implications for Room-Temperature Spintronics
• Electrostatic Control of Magneto-Optic Excitonic Resonances in the van der Waals Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Cr${}_2$Ge${}_2$Te${}_6$