Observation of Quantum Spin Hall States in InAs/GaSb Bilayers under Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry

Abstract

Topological insulators (TIs) are a novel class of materials with nontrivial surface or edge states. Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) protected TIs are characterized by the Z2 topological invariant and their helical property becomes lost in an applied magnetic field. Currently there exist extensive efforts searching for TIs that are protected by symmetries other than TRS. Here we show, a topological phase characterized by a spin Chern topological invariant is realized in an inverted electron-hole bilayer engineered from indium arsenide-gallium antimonide (InAs/GaSb) semiconductors which retains robust helical edges under a strong magnetic field. Wide conductance plateaus of 2e2/h value are observed; they persist to 12T applied in-plane magnetic field without evidence for transition to a trivial insulator. In a perpendicular magnetic field up to 8T, there exists no signature to the bulk gap closing. While the Fermi energy remains inside the bulk gap, the longitudinal conductance increases from 2e2/h in strong magnetic fields suggesting a trend towards chiral edge transport. Our findings are first evidences for a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator protected by a spin Chern invariant. These results demonstrate that InAs/GaSb bilayers are a novel system for engineering the robust helical edge channels much needed for spintronics and for creating and manipulating Majorana particles in solid state.

12 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (11)

• Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Phase Transition in HgTe Quantum Wells
• Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
• The Quantum Spin Hall Effect: Theory and Experiment
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Inverted Type II Semiconductors
• The Helical Liquid and the Edge of Quantum Spin Hall Systems
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topologically Invariant Chern Numbers
• Robustness of the Spin-Chern number
• Kondo effect in the helical edge liquid of the quantum spin Hall state
• Images of edge current in InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Edge Channel Transport in InAs/GaSb Topological Insulating Phase
• Suppression of bulk conductivity in InAs/GaSb broken gap composite quantum wells

Cited by in corpus (237)

• Colloquium: Topological Band Theory
• Observation of the Quantum Spin Hall Effect up to 100 Kelvin in a Monolayer Crystal
• Edge conduction in monolayer WTe2
• Topological Phases in Two-Dimensional Materials: A Brief Review
• Tunable symmetry breaking and helical edge transport in a graphene quantum spin Hall state
• Gate-controlled topological conducting channels in bilayer graphene
• Edge-mode Superconductivity in a Two Dimensional Topological Insulator
• Coulomb drag
• Direct imaging of topological edge states at a bilayer graphene domain wall
• Gate-Tuned Spontaneous Exciton Insulator in Double-Quantum Wells
• Imaging Quantum Spin Hall Edges in Monolayer WTe2
• On the quantum spin Hall gap of monolayer 1T'-WTe2
• A valley valve and electron beam splitter
• Direct Visualization of 2D Topological Insulator in Single-layer 1T'-WTe2
• Observation of a Helical Luttinger-Liquid in InAs/GaSb Quantum Spin Hall Edges
• Transport in two-dimensional topological materials: recent developments in experiment and theory
• Long Range Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Two Dimensional Materials and Dissipationless Future Technologies
• Graphene-based topological insulator with an intrinsic bulk band gap above room temperature
• Two-Dimensional Arsenene Oxide: A Realistic Large-gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulator
• Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry
• Edge Transport in the Trivial Phase of InAs/GaSb
• Nonmagnetic band gap at the Dirac point of the magnetic topological insulator (Bi${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x{)}_2$Se${}_3$
• From a normal insulator to a topological insulator in plumbene
• In-plane Zeeman field induced Majorana corner and hinge modes in an $s$-wave superconductor heterostructure
• A Short Course on Topological Insulators: Band-structure topology and edge states in one and two dimensions
• Electric and Magnetic Tuning Between the Trivial and Topological Phases in InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Wells
• Nuclear-spin-induced localization of the edge states in two-dimensional topological insulators
• Two-Dimensional Group-IV Chalcogenide Si2Te2 film: A New Quantum Spin Hall Insulator with Sizable Band Gap
• Tuning Edge States in Strained-Layer InAs/GaInSb Quantum Spin Hall Insulators
• Failure of conductance quantization in two-dimensional topological insulators due to non-magnetic impurities
• Effects of nuclear spins on the transport properties of the edge of two-dimensional topological insulators
• Tunable Quantum Spin Hall Effect via Strain in two-Dimensional Arsenene Monolayer
• Non-local transport via edge-states in InAs/GaSb coupled quantum wells
• Excitonic topological order in imbalanced electron-hole bilayers
• Unconventional Correlation between Quantum Hall Transport Quantization and Bulk State Filling in Gated Graphene Devices
• Conductance signatures of odd-frequency superconductivity in quantum spin Hall systems using a quantum point contact
• Evidence for a quantum-spin-Hall phase in graphene decorated with Bi2Te3 nanoparticles
• Magnetic moments in a helical edge can make weak correlations seem strong
• Edge transport in InAs and InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Quantization of spin Hall conductivity in two-dimensional topological insulators versus symmetry and spin-orbit interaction
• Two-dimensional topological insulator state in cadmium arsenide thin films
• The influence of lattice termination on the edge states of the quantum spin Hall insulator monolayer $1T^{\prime }$-WTe${}_2$
• Detection of Majorana Kramers pairs using a quantum point contact
• Quantum Anomalous Layer Hall Effect in the Topological Magnet MnBi2Te4
• Gate-controlled semimetal-topological insulator transition in an InAs/GaSb heterostructure
• Noise-induced backscattering in a quantum-spin-Hall edge
• Decoupling edge versus bulk conductance in the trivial regime of an InAs/GaSb double quantum well using Corbino ring geometry
• Custodial glide symmetry of quantum spin Hall edge modes in WTe${}_2$ monolayer
• The Anomalous de Haas-van Alphen Effect in InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Helical Liquids in Semiconductors
• Spin-thermoelectric transport induced by interactions and spin-flip processes in two dimensional topological insulators
• Electrical transport in nano-thick ZrTe${}_5$ sheets: from three to two dimensions
• Giant spin-orbit splitting in inverted InAs/GaSb double quantum wells
• Tunable edge states and their robustness towards disorder
• Observation of the dual quantum spin Hall insulator by density-tuned correlations in a van der Waals monolayer
• Experimental Signatures of the Inverted Phase in InAs/GaSb Coupled Quantum Wells
• Anomalous Quantum Oscillations of Interacting Electron-hole Gases in Inverted Type-II InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
• High-Temperature Quantum Valley Hall Effect with Quantized Resistance and a Topological Switch
• Disorder Effects in Topological States -- Brief Review of the Recent Developments
• Imprint of topological degeneracy in quasi-one-dimensional fractional quantum Hall states
• Temperature-driven transition from a semiconductor to a topological insulator
• Existence of zero-energy impurity states in different classes of topological insulators and superconductors and their relation to topological phase transitions
• Single-edge transport in an InAs/GaSb quantum spin Hall insulator
• Anomalous Conductance Oscillations in the Hybridization Gap of InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
• ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ parafermions in weakly interacting superconducting constrictions at the helical edge of quantum spin Hall insulators
• Laser-beam patterned topological insulating states on thin semiconducting MoS2
• Engineering electronic structure of a 2D topological insulator Bi(111) bilayer on Sb nanofilms by quantum confinement effect
• Robust Helical Edge Transport in Quantum Spin Hall Quantum Wells
• Functionalized Thallium Antimony Films as Excellent Candidates for Large-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulator
• Topological protection brought to light by the time-reversal symmetry breaking
• Time-resolved energy dynamics after single electron injection into an interacting helical liquid
• Gapless insulating edges of dirty interacting topological insulators
• Engineering quantum spin Hall insulators by strained-layer heterostructures
• Generic helical edge states due to Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a topological insulator
• Helical edge transport in the presence of a magnetic impurity
• Direct observation of topological surface state in the topological superconductor 2M-WS2
• Shot noise in the edge states of 2D topological insulators
• Stability of Time-Reversal Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
• Low-Temperature Conductivity of Weakly Interacting Quantum Spin Hall Edges in Strained-Layer InAs/GaInSb
• Probing the semiconductor to semimetal transition in InAs/GaSb double quantum wells by magneto-infrared spectroscopy
• Topological insulators based on HgTe
• Dynamical separation of bulk and edge transport in HgTe-based 2D topological insulators
• Robust Room-Temperature Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Methyl-functionalized InBi honeycomb film
• Hinged Quantum Spin-Hall Effect in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulators
• First principles feasibility assessment of a topological insulator at the InAs/GaSb interface
• Polarized heat current generated by quantum pumping in two-dimensional topological insulators
• Determination of the spin orientation of helical electrons in monolayer WTe2
• Metallic Phase and Temperature Dependence of the $\nu =0$ Quantum Hall State in Bilayer Graphene
• Robustness and Universality of Surface States in Dirac Materials
• Observation of quantum spin Hall states in Ta${}_2$Pd${}_3$Te${}_5$
• Hidden edge Dirac point and robust quantum edge transport in InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Strain-tunable topological quantum phase transition in buckled honeycomb lattices
• Effective g-factors of carriers in inverted InAs/GaSb bilayers
• Bending Strain Engineering of Spin Transport in Quantum Spin Hall Systems: Topological Nano-mechanospintronics
• Impact of complex adatom-induced interactions on quantum spin Hall phases
• Giant nonlocal edge conduction in the axion insulator state of MnBi2Te4
• Energy gap tuning and gate-controlled topological phase transition in InAs/In${}_x$Ga${}_{1-x}$Sb composite quantum wells
• Does delta-$T$ noise probe quantum statistics?
• Helical edge transport in the presence of a magnetic impurity: the role of local anisotropy
• The effect of in-plane magnetic field and applied strain in quantum spin Hall systems: application to InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Topological states in superlattices of HgTe-class materials for engineering three-dimensional flat bands
• Two-Dimensional Large Gap Topological Insulators with Large Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in Group-IV films
• Materials considerations for forming the topological insulator phase in InAs/GaSb heterostructures
• Electronic quantum optics beyond the integer quantum Hall effect
• Luttinger liquid in contact with a Kramers pair of Majorana bound states
• Charge and energy fractionalization mechanism in one-dimensional channels
• Spin-orbit interaction in InAs/GaSb heterostructures quantified by weak antilocalization
• Room-temperature quantum spin Hall phase in laser-patterned few-layer 1T'- MoS2
• Levitons in helical liquids with Rashba spin-orbit coupling probed by a superconducting contact
• Work Extraction and Landauer's Principle in a Quantum Spin Hall Device
• Non-linear ballistic response of quantum spin-Hall edge states
• Signatures of Helical Edge Transport in Millimetre-Scale Thin Films of Na3Bi
• A new approach to transport coefficients in the quantum spin Hall effect
• Fundamental limits to helical edge conductivity due to spin-phonon scattering
• A Topological SQUIPT based on helical edge states in proximity to superconductors
• Giant supercurrent states in a superconductor-InAs/GaSb-superconductor junction
• Proximity-induced superconductivity within the InAs/GaSb edge conducting state
• Rashba Sandwiches with Topological Superconducting Phases
• Unrestricted electron bunching at the helical edge
• Confinement-deconfinement transition due to spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum Hall bilayers
• Two-dimensional topological insulator edge state backscattering by dephasing
• Noiseless manipulation of helical edge state transport by a quantum magnet
• Lateral p-n Junction in an Inverted InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Well
• Photoinduced Quantum Anomalous Hall States in the Topological Anderson Insulator
• Electron-Hole Interference in an Inverted-Band Semiconductor Bilayer
• Optimizing Topological Switching in Confined 2D-Xene Nanoribbons via Finite-Size Effects
• Edge stability and edge quantum criticality in 2D interacting topological insulators
• Electric control of inverted gap and hybridization gap in type II InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Coulomb drag between helical Luttinger liquids
• Localization-Driven Correlated States of Two Isolated Interacting Helical Edges
• Synthetic Semimetals with van der Waals Interfaces
• Gate-tunable Electronic Transport in p-type GaSb Quantum Wells
• Breakdown of helical edge state topologically protected conductance in time-reversal-breaking excitonic insulators
• Fredholm Homotopies for Strongly-Disordered 2D Insulators
• Circular and Linear Photogalvanic Effects in Type-II GaSb/InAs Quantum Well Structures in the Inverted Regime
• Fast electrically switchable large gap quantum spin Hall states in MGe${}_2$Z${}_4$
• Theory of Glide Symmetry Protected Helical Edge States in WTe${}_2$ Monolayer
• Breakdown of topological protection due to non-magnetic edge disorder in two-dimensional materials in the Quantum Spin Hall phase
• In-plane magnetic field induced density wave states near quantum spin Hall phase transitions
• Transport through the network of topological channels in HgTe based quantum well
• Topological energy gaps in the [111]-oriented InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires
• Finite frequency backscattering current noise at a helical edge
• Localized surfaces of three dimensional topological insulators
• Quantum Hall effect induced by chiral Landau levels in topological semimetal films
• Interplay of quantum spin Hall effect and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in electron-hole bilayers I: Transport properties
• Phase Slips and Parity Jumps in Quantum Oscillations of Inverted InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
• Interaction induced edge states in HgTe/CdTe Quantum Well under magnetic field
• Composite helical edges from Abelian fractional topological insulators
• Topological Charge/spin density Wave in InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells under an In-plane Magnetic Field
• Analytical and Numerical study of the out-of-equilibrium current through a helical edge coupled to a magnetic impurity
• Interaction-induced crossover between weak anti-localization and weak localization in a disordered InAs/GaSb double quantum well
• Tunable spin-polarized edge transport in inverted quantum-well junctions
• Tunneling Aharonov-Bohm interferometer on helical edge states
• Time-resolved measurement of ambipolar edge magnetoplasmon transport in InAs/InGaSb composite quantum wells
• Majorana bound states in topological insulators with hidden Dirac points
• Conductance oscillations in quantum point contacts of InAs/GaSb heterostructures
• Spin and charge transport through helical Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with strong magnetic impurity
• Quantum spin Hall phase in GeSn heterostructures on silicon
• Low-temperature environments for quantum computation and quantum simulation
• Thermoelectric transport in two-dimensional topological insulator state based on HgTe quantum well
• Chern insulating state in laterally patterned semiconductor heterostructures
• Minimal circuit for a flux-controlled Majorana qubit in a quantum spin-Hall insulator
• Localization of trivial edge states in InAs/GaSb composite quantum wells
• On the impact of strain on the electronic properties of InAs/GaSb quantum well systems
• Quantum spin Hall effect in III-V semiconductors at elevated temperatures: advancing topological electronics
• Coexistence of Topological and Normal Insulating Phases in Electro-Optically Tuned InAs/GaSb Bilayer Quantum Wells
• Dirac Fermions and Topological Phases in Magnetic Topological Insulator Films
• Emergent $Z_2$ Topological Invariant and Robust Helical Edge States in Two-Dimensional Topological Metals
• Robustness of Helical Edge States Under Edge Reconstruction
• Quantum Berezinskii-Kosterltz-Thouless Transition for Topological Insulator
• Localization of the Helical Edge States in the Absense of External Magnetic Field
• Conductance suppression by nonmagnetic point defects in helical edge channels of two-dimensional topological insulators
• Engineering chiral edge states in 2D topological insulator/ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
• Characterization of helical Luttinger liquids in microwave stepped-impedance edge resonators
• Theory for Cd${}_3$As${}_2$ thin films in the presence of magnetic fields
• Emission of entangled Kramers pairs from a helical mesoscopic capacitor
• Unprotected edge modes in quantum spin Hall insulator candidate materials
• Interplay of quantum spin Hall effect and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in electron-hole bilayers II: Zero-field topological superconductivity
• Realizing robust large-gap quantum spin Hall state in 2D HgTe monolayer on insulating substrate
• Electric field-induced edge state oscillations in GaSb/InAs quantum wells
• Layer-dependent Raman spectroscopy of ultrathin Ta${}_2$Pd${}_3$Te${}_5$
• Topological charge, spin and heat transistor
• Identifying Majorana bound states at quantum spin Hall edges using a metallic probe
• Band manipulation and spin texture in interacting moiré helical edges
• Nonlinear and nonreciprocal transport effects in untwinned thin films of ferromagnetic Weyl metal SrRuO${}_3$
• Chern number spectrum of ultra-cold fermions in optical lattices tuned independently via artificial magnetic, Zeeman and spin-orbit fields
• Quantum spin Hall states in the lateral heteromonolayers of WTe2-MoTe2
• Topological phase transitions in an inverted InAs/GaSb quantum well driven by tilted magnetic fields
• A topological current divider
• Multi-probe analysis to separate edge currents from bulk currents in quantum spin Hall insulators and to analyze their temperature dependence
• Susceptibility indicator for chiral topological orders emergent from correlated fermions
• Impact of epitaxial strain on the topological-nontopological phase diagram and semimetallic behavior of InAs/GaSb composite quantum wells
• Voltage control of the quantum scattering time in InAs/GaSb/InAs trilayer quantum wells
• Artificial moiré engineering for an ideal BHZ model
• The effects of dissipation on topological mechanical systems
• Magneto-Induced Topological Phase Transition in Inverted InAs/GaSb Bilayers
• Resistively detected NMR as a probe of the topological nature of conducting edge/surface states
• Marginally localized edges of time-reversal symmetric topological superconductors
• A k.p treatment of edge states in narrow 2D topological insulators, with standard boundary conditions for the wave function and its derivative
• Electrical tuning of helical edge states in topological multilayers
• Interaction effects in superconductor/quantum spin Hall devices: universal transport signatures and fractional Coulomb blockade
• The Dirac paradox in 1+1 dimensions and its realization with spin-orbit coupled nanowires
• Chiral states around a mass-inverted quantum dot in graphene
• Interference effects induced by a precessing easy-plane magnet coupled to a helical edge state
• Reentrant quantum spin Hall effect in the presence of an exchange field
• Charge and spin density in the helical Luttinger liquid
• Magnetotransport properties of the Quantum Spin Hall and Quantum Hall states in an inverted HgTe/CdTe and InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• AC Response of the Edge States in a Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator Coupled to a Conducting Puddle
• Disorder effects in InAs/GaSb topological insulator candidates
• Single Crystal Growth and Transport Properties of van der Waals Materials $AB$Te${}_4$ ($A/B$ = Ti, Zr, Hf)
• Fermi level tuning and band alignment in Mn doped InAs/GaSb
• Exploring Topological Transport in Pt${}_2$HgSe${}_3$ Nanoribbons: Insights for Spintronic Device Integration
• Disorder and quantum transport of the helical quantum Hall phase in graphene
• Photocurrent and photoconductance of an helical edge state
• Proposal for a scalable charging-energy-protected topological qubit in a quantum spin Hall system
• Harmonic generation in bent graphene with artificially-enhanced spin-orbit coupling
• Random-gate-voltage induced Al'tshuler-Aronov-Spivak effect in topological edge states
• Finite-temperature spectroscopy of dirty helical Luttinger liquids
• Specular Andreev reflection at the edge of an InAs/GaSb double quantum well with band inversion
• Unidirectional magneto-transport of linearly dispersing topological edge states
• Non-necessity of band inversion process in 2D topological insulators for bulk gapless states and topological phase transitions
• Engineering chiral-induced spin selectivity in an artificial topological quantum well
• Anomalous flux periodicity in proximitised quantum spin Hall constrictions
• Thermal dissipation of the quantum spin Hall edge states in HgTe/CdTe quantum well
• Dissipative Hot-spot Enabled Shock and Bounce Dynamics via Terahertz Quantum Quenches in Helical Edge States
• Magnetoconductance Oscillations in Electron-hole Hybridization Gaps and Valley Splittings in Tetralayer Graphene
• Realization of independent contacts in barrier-separated InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Fractional spin Josephson effect in topological spin superconductors
• Many-particle hybridization of optical transitions from zero-mode Landau levels in HgTe quantum wells
• Emerging nonlinear Hall effect in Kane-Mele two-dimensional topological insulators
• Edge Reconstruction in a Quantum Spin Hall Insulator
• Band inversion transition in HgTe nanowire grown along the [001] direction
• Spin-textured Chern bands in AB-stacked transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Large inverted band-gap in strained three-layer InAs/GaInSb quantum wells
• Theoretical analysis of the saturation phase of the $1/1$ energetic-ion-driven resistive interchange mode
• Interlayer current near the edge of an InAs/GaSb double quantum well in proximity with a superconductor
• Buried Dirac points in quantum spin Hall insulators: Implications for Majorana Kramers pair-based quantum computing