Edge-mode Superconductivity in a Two Dimensional Topological Insulator

Abstract

Topological superconductivity is an exotic state of matter that supports Majorana zero-modes, which are surface modes in 3D, edge modes in 2D or localized end states in 1D. In the case of complete localization these Majorana modes obey non-Abelian exchange statistics making them interesting building blocks for topological quantum computing. Here we report superconductivity induced into the edge modes of semiconducting InAs/GaSb quantum wells, a two-dimensional topological insulator. Using superconducting quantum interference, we demonstrate gate-tuning between edge-dominated and bulk-dominated regimes of superconducting transport. The edge-dominated regime arises only under conditions of high-bulk resistivity, which we associate with the 2D topological phase. These experiments establish InAs/GaSb as a robust platform for further confinement of Majoranas into localized states enabling future investigations of non-Abelian statistics.

19 pages, 17 figures

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• Topological Insulators
• Topological insulators and superconductors
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• Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation
• $Z_2$ Topological Order and the Quantum Spin Hall Effect
• Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
• Signatures of Majorana fermions in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices
• Quantum Spin Hall Effect
• Evidence of Majorana fermions in an Al - InAs nanowire topological superconductor
• Observation of Majorana Fermions in a Nb-InSb Nanowire-Nb Hybrid Quantum Device
• Josephson Current and Noise at a Superconductor-Quantum Spin Hall Insulator-Superconductor Junction
• Evidence for Helical Edge Modes in Inverted InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
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• Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Inverted Type II Semiconductors
• Topological Superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3
• Andreev-Tunneling, Coulomb Blockade, and Resonant Transport of Non-Local Spin-Entangled Electrons
• Tunable Supercurrent Through Semiconductor Nanowires
• Observation of Quantum Spin Hall States in InAs/GaSb Bilayers under Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry
• Induced Superconductivity in the Quantum Spin Hall Edge
• Evidence for crossed Andreev reflection in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures
• Experimental observation of bias-dependent non-local Andreev reflection
• Imaging currents in HgTe quantum wells in the quantum spin Hall regime
• AC Josephson effect in finite-length nanowire junctions with Majorana modes
• Unconventional Josephson signatures of Majorana bound states
• Perfect Andreev Reflection of Helical Edge Modes in InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
• Dynamical detection of Majorana fermions in current-biased nanowires
• Fermion-parity anomaly of the critical supercurrent in the quantum spin-Hall effect
• Images of edge current in InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Phenomenology and Dynamics of Majorana Josephson Junction
• Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetically Doped InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
• Spin-triplet supercurrent carried by quantum Hall edge states through a Josephson junction
• Insulating state and giant non-local response in an InAs/GaSb quantum well in the quantum Hall regime
• Revealing topological superconductivity in extended quantum spin Hall Josephson junctions
• Trapping hot quasi-particles in a high-power superconducting electronic cooler
• Even-odd flux quanta effect in the Fraunhofer oscillations of an edge-channel Josephson junction
• Suppression of bulk conductivity in InAs/GaSb broken gap composite quantum wells
• Proximity-induced superconductivity and Josephson critical current in quantum spin Hall systems

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