Tunable Splitting of the Ground-State Degeneracy in 1D Parafermionic Wires

Abstract

Systems with topologically protected ground-state degeneracies are currently of great interest due to their potential applications in quantum computing. In practise this degeneracy is never exact, and the magnitude of the ground-state degeneracy splitting imposes constraints on the timescales over which information is topologically protected. In this Letter we use an instanton approach to evaluate the splitting of topological ground-state degeneracy in quasi-1D systems with parafermion zero modes, in the specific case where parafermions are realized by inducing a superconducting gap in pairs of fractional quantum Hall edges. We show that, like 1D topological superconducting wires, this splitting has an oscillatory dependence on the chemical potential, which arises from an intrinsic Berry phase that produces interference between distinct instanton tunneling events. These Berry phases can be mapped to chiral phases in a (dual) quantum clock model using a Fradkin-Kadanoff transformation. Comparing our low-energy spectrum to that of phenomenological parafermion models allows us to evaluate the real and imaginary parts of the hopping integral between adjacent parafermionic zero modes as a function of the chemical potential.

Updated version containing analysis of spatially varying fluctuations

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• Non-topological parafermions in a one-dimensional fermionic model with even multiplet pairing
• Parafermion braiding in fractional quantum Hall edge states with finite chemical potential
• Readout of parafermionic states by transport measurements
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• Parafermions in a multilegged geometry: Towards a scalable parafermionic network
• Bosonization for fermions and parafermions
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• Insulating regime of an underdamped current-biased Josephson junction supporting ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ parafermions
• Dynamics of parafermionic states in transport measurements
• Altermagnet-Superconductor Heterostructure: a Scalable Platform for Braiding of Majorana Modes
• Overlap of parafermionic zero modes at a finite distance
• Quantum computation with hybrid parafermion-spin qubits
• Phase diagram of an extended parafermion chain