Observation of an Electric-Field Induced Band Gap in Bilayer Graphene by Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

It has been predicted that application of a strong electric field perpendicular to the plane of bilayer graphene can induce a significant band gap. We have measured the optical conductivity of bilayer graphene with an efficient electrolyte top gate for a photon energy range of 0.2 - 0.7 eV. We see the emergence of new transitions as a band gap opens. A band gap approaching 200 meV is observed when an electric field ~ 1 V/nm is applied by an electrolyte gate to the bilayer system, inducing a carrier density of about 10^13 cm-2. The magnitude of the band gap and the features observed in the infrared conductivity spectra are broadly compatible with calculations within a tight-binding model.

10 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 256405

References in corpus (19)

• Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
• The Raman Fingerprint of Graphene
• Universal Dynamic Conductivity and Quantized Visible Opacity of Suspended Graphene
• Electrochemically Top Gated Graphene: Monitoring Dopants by Raman Scattering
• Biased bilayer graphene: semiconductor with a gap tunable by electric field effect
• Measurement of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene
• Gate-induced insulating state in bilayer graphene devices
• Asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene
• Valley Dependent Optoelectronics from Inversion Symmetry Breaking
• Ab Initio Theory of Gate Induced Gaps in Graphene Bilayers
• Dependence of band structures on stacking and field in layered graphene
• Determination of the electronic structure of bilayer graphene from infrared spectroscopy results
• Optical properties of graphene nanoribbons: the role of many-body effects
• Infrared spectroscopy of electronic bands in bilayer graphene
• Optical conductivity of bilayer graphene with and without an asymmetry gap
• Effect of electron-electron interactions on the conductivity of clean graphene
• Gaped graphene bilayer: disorder and magnetic field effects
• Excitonic Effects in the Optical Spectra of Graphene Nanoribbons
• Band structure asymmetry of bilayer graphene revealed by infrared spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (207)

• Electronic transport in two dimensional graphene
• Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing
• Graphene field-effect-transistors with high on/off current ratio and large transport band gap at room temperature
• Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective
• The electronic properties of bilayer graphene
• Controlling electron-phonon interactions in graphene at ultra high carrier densities
• Electrical Tuning of Valley Magnetic Moment via Symmetry Control
• Topological origin of subgap conductance in insulating bilayer graphene
• Two-dimensional Dirac fermions in a topological insulator: transport in the quantum limit
• Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene
• Dual-gated bilayer graphene hot electron bolometer
• Wafer Scale Homogeneous Bilayer Graphene Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition
• Band Structure of ABC-Stacked Graphene Trilayers
• Coulomb-driven broken-symmetry states in doubly gated suspended bilayer graphene
• Efficient Electrical Control of Thin-Film Black Phosphorus Bandgap
• Engineering symmetry breaking in two-dimensional layered materials
• Determination of the gate-tunable bandgap and tight-binding parameters in bilayer graphene using infrared spectroscopy
• Tuneable electronic properties in graphene
• Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Graphene: Experimental Demonstration of Strong Dependence on Stacking Sequence
• Atomically thin p-n junctions based on two-dimensional materials
• Trigonal warping and Berry's phase N pi in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene
• Colloquium: Graphene spectroscopy
• Interlayer screening effect in graphene multilayers with ABA and ABC stacking
• Energy gap tuning in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride bilayer system
• Electronic Transport in Dual-gated Bilayer Graphene at Large Displacement Fields
• Anomalous orbital magnetism in Dirac-electron systems: Role of pseudo-spin paramagnetism
• Raman Spectroscopy of Electrochemically-Gated Graphene Transistors: Geometrical Capacitance, Electron-Phonon, Electron-Electron, and Electron-Defect Scattering
• Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator State and Topological Phase Transition in Bilayer Graphene
• Controlling Energy Gap of Bilayer Graphene by Strain
• Strong tuning of Rashba spin orbit interaction in single InAs nanowires
• Dirac electronic states in graphene systems: Optical spectroscopy studies
• Electrically controllable magnetism in twisted bilayer graphene
• Helical networks in twisted bilayer graphene under interlayer bias
• Gate-controllable magneto-optic Kerr effect in layered collinear antiferromagnets
• Silicon nitride gate dielectrics and bandgap engineering in graphene layers
• Electronic compressibility of layer polarized bilayer graphene
• Microscopic Polarization in Bilayer Graphene
• First-principles investigation of graphene/MoS2 bilayer heterostructures using Tkatchenko-Scheffler van der Waals method
• Dynamic Screening and Low Energy Collective Modes in Bilayer Graphene
• Landau Level Spectrum of ABA- and ABC-stacked Trilayer Graphene
• Electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons in external fields
• Tuning the electronic transport properties of graphene through functionalisation with fluorine
• Influence of disorder on conductance in bilayer graphene under perpendicular electric field
• High On/Off Ratios in Bilayer Graphene Field Effect Transistors Realized by Surface Dopants
• Disorder-induced temperature-dependent transport in graphene: Puddles, impurities, activation, and diffusion
• Generating extreme electric fields in 2D materials by dual ionic gating
• Charged impurity scattering in bilayer graphene
• Transport in gapped bilayer graphene: the role of potential fluctuations
• Landau level spectra and the quantum Hall effect of multilayer graphene
• Tunable Excitons in Biased Bilayer Graphene
• Tuning many-body interactions in graphene: The effects of doping on excitons and carrier lifetimes
• Electronic Properties of Twisted Trilayer Graphene
• Recent progresses of quantum confinement in graphene quantum dots
• Tunneling Plasmonics in Bilayer Graphene
• Spin- and valley-dependent transport through arrays of ferromagnetic silicene junctions
• Competing Magnetic Orderings and Tunable Topological States in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Organometallic Lattices
• Transition Metal and Vacancy Defect Complexes in Phosphorene: A Spintronic Perspective
• Electric-field controlled spin in bilayer triangular graphene quantum dots
• Electrical observation of a tunable band gap in bilayer graphene nanoribbons at room temperature
• Phonon mediated interlayer conductance in twisted graphene bilayers
• Electric field induced topological phase transition and large enhancements of spin-orbit coupling and Curie temperature in two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors
• Observation of Raman G-band splitting in top-doped few-layer graphene
• Thermopower of gapped bilayer graphene
• Transport spectroscopy of ultraclean tunable band gaps in bilayer graphene
• Polar Kerr Effect and Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Bilayer Graphene
• Multilayer graphene under vertical electric field
• First-principles study of the electrical and lattice thermal transport in monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Quenching the band gap of 2D semiconductors with a perpendicular electric field
• Optical absorption of twisted bilayer graphene with interlayer potential asymmetry
• Out-of-plane dielectric susceptibility of graphene in twistronic and Bernal bilayers
• Charged-phonon theory and Fano effect in the optical spectroscopy of bilayer graphene
• Direct observation of a gate tunable band-gap in electrical transport in ABC-trilayer graphene
• Spatially-indirect Exciton Condensate Phases in Double Bilayer Graphene
• Visualizing the Effect of an Electrostatic Gate with Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Tunable Topological States in Electron-Doped HTT-Pt
• Electronic properties of monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Effective Floquet Hamiltonians for periodically-driven twisted bilayer graphene
• Gap state analysis in electric-field-induced band gap for bilayer graphene
• Quantum Wires and Waveguides Formed in Graphene by Strain
• Insulating behavior in metallic bilayer graphene: Interplay between density inhomogeneity and temperature
• Tuning band gaps in twisted bilayer MoS${}_2$
• Bilayer graphene inclusions in rotational-stacked multilayer epitaxial graphene
• Twistronics in graphene-based van der Waals structures
• Bilayer graphene dual-gate nanodevice: An ab initio simulation
• Phonon switching and combined Fano-Rice effect in optical spectra of bilayer graphene
• Magnetoelectric coupling, Berry phase, and Landau level dispersion in a biased bilayer graphene
• Experimental Observation of Surface States and Landau Levels Bending in Bilayer Graphene
• Valley symmetry breaking in bilayer graphene: a test to the minimal model
• Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction in biased bilayer graphene
• Temperature Dependence of Electric Transport in Few-layer Graphene under Large Charge Doping Induced by Electrochemical Gating
• Spectral features due to inter-Landau-level transitions in the Raman spectrum of bilayer graphene
• Multiband Transport in Bilayer Graphene at High Carrier Densities
• A Movable Valley Switch Driven by Berry Phase in Bilayer Graphene Resonators
• Magneto-optical and optical probes of gapped ground states of bilayer graphene
• Gap Opening by Asymmetric Doping in Graphene Bilayers
• Valley-polarization in biased bilayer graphene using circularly polarized light
• Electrically tunable plasma excitations in AA-stacking multilayer graphene
• Tunable Supercurrent at the Charge Neutrality Point via Strained Graphene Junctions
• Valley symmetry breaking and gap tuning in graphene by spin doping
• Conductance of bilayer graphene in the presence of a magnetic field: Effects of disorder
• Effect of charged impurity correlation on transport in monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Role of interlayer spacing on electronic, thermal and optical properties of BN-codoped bilayer graphene:\break Influence of the interlayer and the induced dipole-dipole interactions
• Characterizing top gated bilayer graphene interaction with its environment by Raman spectroscopy
• Chiral orbital current and anomalous magnetic moment in gapped graphene
• Intra-Landau level magnetoexcitons and the transition between quantum Hall states in undoped bilayer graphene
• Thermoelectric and thermal transport in bilayer graphene systems
• Role of electronic excitations in magneto-Raman spectra of graphene
• Electronic conductance of twisted bilayer nanoribbon flakes
• Enhanced Optical Conductivity Induced by Surface States in ABC-stacked Few-Layer Graphene
• Modulation of bandgap in bilayer armchair graphene ribbons by tuning vertical and transverse electric fields
• Optical and transport gaps in gated bilayer graphene
• Effects of magnetism and electric field on the energy gap of bilayer graphene nanoflakes
• Low-energy band structure and even-odd layer number effect in AB-stacked multilayer graphene
• Enhanced Optical Dichroism of Graphene Nanoribbons
• Electrically tunable resonant scattering in fluorinated bilayer graphene
• Screening in gated bilayer graphene
• Polarization dependence of double resonant Raman scattering band in bilayer graphene
• Gate tunable non-linear currents in bilayer graphene diodes
• Silicon-CMOS Compatible In-Situ CCVD Grown Graphene Transistors with Ultra-High On/Off-Current Ratio
• Energy gaps and layer polarization of integer and fractional quantum Hall states in bilayer graphene
• Electrically switchable giant Berry curvature dipole in silicene, germanene and stanene
• Magneto-optics of monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Magnesium-intercalated graphene on SiC: highly n-doped air-stable bilayer graphene at extreme displacement fields
• Attraction-repulsion transition in the interaction of adatoms and vacancies in graphene
• Quantum transport in double-gated graphene devices
• Electric Field Tunable Band Gap in Commensurate Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Tunable Infrared Phonon Anomalies in Trilayer Graphene
• Electronic structure and layer-resolved transmission of bilayer graphene nanoribbon in the presence of vertical fields
• Screening in gated bilayer graphene via variational calculus
• Marginal topological properties of graphene: a comparison with topological insulators
• Origin of layer number dependent linear and nonlinear optical properties of two-dimensional graphene-like SiC
• Switchable Atomically Thin 2D Electrides from First-principles Prediction
• Valley-Selective Topological Ordered States in Irradiated Bilayer Graphene
• On-Chip Terahertz Spectroscopy for Dual-Gated van der Waals Heterostructures at Cryogenic Temperatures
• Quantum capacitive coupling between large-angle twisted graphene layers
• Inhibiting Klein tunneling in graphene p-n junction without an external magnetic field
• Bipolar Thermoelectricity in Bilayer-Graphene--Superconductor Tunnel Junctions
• Exciton absorption, band structure, and optical emission in biased bilayer graphene
• Pyramids and cootie catchers: new massless fermions in 2D materials
• Theory of inter-Landau level magnetoexcitons in bilayer graphene
• Single and multiple doping effects on electron transport in zigzag silicene nanoribbons
• Gate-tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene
• Electric-field induced penetration of edge states at the interface between monolayer and bilayer graphene
• Localized states due to expulsion of resonant impurity levels from the continuum in bilayer graphene
• Thermopower of multilayer graphene
• Twisted bilayer graphene: low-energy physics, electronic and optical properties
• Interactions and screening in gated bilayer graphene nanoribbons
• Perspectives for gapped bilayer graphene polaritonics
• Multilayer graphene nanoribbon under vertical electric field
• Noncollinear magnetism and half-metallicity in biased bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons
• Enhanced Many-Electron Effects on Excited States of Gated Bilayer Graphene
• Electrical valley filtering in transition metal dichalcogenides
• Electric gating induced bandgaps and enhanced Seebeck effect in zigzag bilayer graphene ribbons
• Third harmonic generation in gapped bilayer graphene
• Umklapp electron-electron scattering in bilayer graphene moiré superlattice
• Quantum magneto-optics of graphite family
• Valley and Zeeman Splittings in Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene Revealed by Circular Polarization Resolved Magneto-infrared Spectroscopy
• Comparison of microscopic models for disorder in bilayer graphene: Implications for the density of states and the optical conductivity
• dmu/dn In suspended bilayer graphene: the interplay of disorder and band gap
• Dual-gated hBN/bilayer-graphene superlattices and the transitions between the insulating phases at the charge neutrality point
• Intrinsic resistance peaks in AB-stacked multilayer graphene with odd number of layers
• Observation of Tunneling Current in Semiconducting Graphene p-n Junctions
• Enhancement of the Seebeck effect in bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons by tuning the electric fields
• Gate-induced Gap in Bilayer Graphene Suppressed by Coulomb Repulsion
• Low energy band structure in Bernal stacked hexlayer graphene: Landau fan diagram and resistance ridge
• Site-selective insulating phase in twisted bilayer Hubbard model
• Dynamics of van der Waals Charge Qubit in 2D Bilayers: Ab initio Quantum Transport and Qubit Measurement
• Fano resonance enabled infrared nano-imaging of local strain in bilayer graphene
• Quantum quench dynamics and population inversion in bilayer graphene
• Chirality-2 fermion induced anti-Klein tunneling in 2D checkerboard lattice
• One-dimensional plasmons confined in bilayer graphene p-n junctions
• Clar's goblet on graphene: field modulated charge transfer in a hydrocarbon heterostructure
• Electrically Tunable Fine Structure of Negatively Charged Excitons in Gated Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots
• Photonic Spin Hall Effect using bilayer Graphene in Nano Optomechanical Cavities
• Electronic and optical properties in graphane
• A backgate for enhanced tunability of holes in planar germanium
• Optical Phonon Anomaly in Bilayer Graphene with Ultrahigh Carrier Densities
• Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the half-filled bilayer graphene
• Gate-independent energy gap in non-covalently intercalated bilayer graphene on SiC(0001)
• Theory of interaction-induced renormalization of Drude weight and plasmon frequency in chiral multilayer graphene
• Electrically controllable magnetic order in the bilayer Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice --- a determinant quantum Monte Carlo study
• Precise determination of critical points of topological phase transitions via shift current in two-dimensional inversion asymmetric insulators
• Suppression of diffusion of hydrogen adatoms on graphene by effective adatom interaction
• Electric Field Effects on the Optical Vibrations in AB-Stacked Bilayer Graphene
• Optical Properties of Gated Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots with Trigonal Warping
• Probing valley phenomena with gate-defined valley splitters
• Canted antiferromagnetism and excitonic order in gated double-layer graphene
• New stable two dimensional silicon carbide nanosheets
• High energy shift in the optical conductivity spectrum of the bilayer graphene
• Edge dependece of nonlocal transport in gapped bilayer graphene
• Energy symmetry and interlayer wave function ratio of tunneling electrons in partially overlapped graphene
• Electronic and Spin-Orbit Properties of hBN Encapsulated Bilayer Graphene
• Infrared spectroscopy of phase transitions in the lowest Landau levels of bilayer graphene
• Spontaneous charge-ordered state in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
• Optical manifestations of symmetry breaking in bilayer graphene
• Spatial variation of energy gap and Landau levels around gapped bilayer graphene domain walls
• Multilayer C2N: Effect of Stacking Order and Number of Layers on Bandgap and Its Controlled Electronic Properties by External Electric Field
• Terahertz Landau level spectroscopy of Dirac fermions in millimeter-scale twisted bilayer graphene
• Gate-defined Kondo lattices with valley-helical quantum dot arrays
• Weak localization and universal conductance fluctuations in large area twisted bilayer graphene
• Tunable band gap in few-layer graphene by surface adsorption
• Applied electric and magnetic field effects on the bandgap formation and antiferromagnetic ordering in AA-stacked Bilayer Graphene
• Resonant optical gating of suspended carbon nanotube transistor
• Klein tunneling through triple barrier in AB bilayer graphene
• The infrared spectra of ABC-stacking tri- and tetra-layer graphenes studied by first-principles calculations
• Bilayer Phosphorene: Effect of Stacking Order on Bandgap and its Potential Applications in Thin-Film Solar Cells
• Non-Adhesive Transfer Process of Carbon Nanotube Forests onto Flexible Kapton Substrates