Spin Transfer Torque Generated by the Topological Insulator Bi_2Se_3

Abstract

Magnetic devices are a leading contender for implementing memory and logic technologies that are nonvolatile, that can scale to high density and high speed, and that do not suffer wear-out. However, widespread applications of magnetic memory and logic devices will require the development of efficient mechanisms for reorienting their magnetization using the least possible current and power. There has been considerable recent progress in this effort, in particular discoveries that spin-orbit interactions in heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers can yield strong current-driven torques on the magnetic layer, via the spin Hall effect in the heavy metal or the Rashba-Edelstein effect in the ferromagnet. As part of the search for materials to provide even more efficient spin-orbit-induced torques, some proposals have suggested topological insulators (TIs), which possess a surface state in which the effects of spin-orbit coupling are maximal in the sense that an electron's spin orientation is locked relative to its propagation direction. Here we report experiments showing that charge current flowing in-plane in a thin film of the TI Bi_2Se_3 at room temperature can indeed apply a strong spin-transfer torque to an adjacent ferromagnetic permalloy (Py = Ni81Fe19) thin film, with a direction consistent with that expected from the topological surface state. We find that the strength of the torque per unit charge current density in the Bi_2Se_3 is greater than for any other spin-torque source material measured to date, even for non-ideal TI films wherein the surface states coexist with bulk conduction. Our data suggest that TIs have potential to enable very efficient electrical manipulation of magnetic materials at room temperature for memory and logic applications.

34 pages; Supplementary information included

References in corpus (3)

• Study of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect and Orbital Hall Effect in 4d- and 5d- Transition Metals
• Emergent quantum confinement at topological insulator surfaces
• Spin-transfer torque and spin-polarization in topological-insulator/ferromagnet vertical heterostructures

Cited by in corpus (503)

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• Efficient spin-to-charge interconversion in Weyl semimetal TaP at room temperature
• Interfacial Spin-Orbit Torques and Magnetic Anisotropy in WSe${}_2$/Permalloy Bilayers
• Separation of Artifacts from Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements of Spin-Orbit Torque for the Low-Symmetry van der Waals Semi-Metal ZrTe${}_{\text{3}}$
• Lead-free Hybrid Perovskite: An Efficient Room Temperature Spin Generator via Large Interfacial Rashba effect
• Planar Josephson Hall effect in topological Josephson junctions
• Homodyne-detected ferromagnetic resonance of in-plane magnetized nano-contacts: composite spin wave resonances and their excitation mechanism
• Spin torque and persistent currents caused by percolation of topological surface states
• All-electrical creation and control of giant spin-galvanic effect in 1T-MoTe2/graphene heterostructures at room temperature
• Excitation wavelength-dependent ultrafast THz emission from surface and bulk of three-dimensional topological insulators
• Giant and anisotropic enhancement of spin-charge conversion in double Rashba interface graphene-based quantum system
• Spin-polarization of topological crystalline and normal insulator Pb${}_{1-x}$Sn${}_x$Se (111) epilayers probed by photoelectron spectroscopy
• Thin film of a topological insulator as a spin Hall insulator
• A generic model with unconventional Rashba bands and giant spin galvanic effect
• Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in topological insulator/ferromagnetic layer heterostructures
• Scattering properties of the three-dimensional topological insulator Sb2Te3: Coexistence of topologically trivial and non-trivial surface states with opposite spin-momentum helicity
• Nonperturbative approach to interfacial spin-orbit torques induced by Rashba effect
• Semi-Quantized Spin Pumping and Spin-Orbit Torques in Topological Dirac Semimetals
• Quantum Scattering Theory of Spin Transfer Torque, Spin Pumping and Fluctuations
• Spacer-layer-tunable magnetism and high-field topological Hall effect in topological insulator heterostructures
• Emergence, evolution, and control of multistability in a hybrid topological quantum/classical system
• High-performance nanoscale topological energy transduction
• Low power In Memory Computation with Reciprocal Ferromagnet/Topological Insulator Heterostructures
• Conductance of gated junctions as a probe of topological interface states
• Room temperature nonlocal detection of charge-spin interconversion in a topological insulator
• Spin-to-charge conversion by spin pumping in sputtered polycrystalline Bi${}_x$Se${}_{1-x}$
• Enhanced torque efficiency in ferromagnetic multilayers by introducing naturally oxidized Cu
• Spin-Hall effect in topological materials: Evaluating the proper spin current in systems with arbitrary degeneracies
• Effect of surface hybridization on RKKY coupling in ferromagnet/topological insulator/ferromagnet trilayer system
• Chemical Migration and Dipole Formation at van der Waals Interfaces between Magnetic Transition Metal Chalcogenides and Topological Insulators
• Electronic properties of one-dimensional nanostructures of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulator
• Spin-to-charge conversion at KTaO3(111) interfaces
• Versatile Large-Area Custom-Feature van der Waals Epitaxy of Topological Insulators
• Current-induced switching of magnetic molecules on topological insulator surfaces
• Persistent currents and spin torque caused by percolated quantum spin Hall state
• Spin and charge transport in topological nodal-line semimetals
• Enhancement of Spin-Charge Conversion Efficiency for Co${}_3$Sn${}_2$S${}_2$ across Transition from Paramagnetic to Ferromagnetic Phase
• Converting topological insulators into topological metals within the tetradymite family
• Voltage-Controlled Topological-Spin Switch for Ultra-Low-Energy Computing--Performance Modeling and Benchmarking
• Theory of Harmonic Hall Responses of Spin-Torque Driven Antiferromagnets
• Chiral Hall effect in the kink states in topological insulators with magnetic domain walls
• Voltage-control of damping constant in magnetic-insulator/topological-insulator bilayers
• Ultrahigh magnetic field spectroscopy reveals the band structure of the 3D topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• A versatile rotary-stage high frequency probe station for studying magnetic films and devices
• Ultra-low-current-density single-layer magnetic Weyl semimetal spin Hall nano-oscillators
• Efficient Edelstein effects in one-atom-layer Tl-Pb compound
• Resonance spin transfer torque in ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic spin-valve structure of topological insulators
• Nonlinear spin and orbital Edelstein effect in WTe2
• Spin Transport and Accumulation in 2D Weyl Fermion System
• A mono-atomic orbital-based 1D topological crystalline insulator
• Engineering chiral edge states in 2D topological insulator/ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
• Current Control of Magnetic Anisotropy via Stress in a Ferromagnetic Metal Waveguide
• Current-Induced Spin Accumulation and Magnetoresistance in Chiral Semimetals
• Unraveling the Spin-to-Charge Current Conversion Mechanism and Charge Transfer Dynamics at Interface of Graphene/WS${}_2$ Heterostructures at Room Temperature
• Large amplitude vortex gyration in Permalloy/Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$-like heterostructures
• Voltage-driven exchange resonance achieving 100\% mechanical efficiency
• Topological magnetic dipolar interaction and non-local electric magnetization control in topological insulator heterostructures
• Topological Insulators-Based Magnetic Heterostructure
• Nonlinear Edelstein Effect in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
• Controllable Majorana fermions on domain walls of a magnetic topological insulator
• Strong spin-dephasing in a topological insulator - paramagnet heterostructure
• Straintronic magnetic tunnel junctions for analog computation: A perspective
• Geometric Dynamics of Magnetization: Electronic Contribution
• Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator
• Edge spin transport in the disordered two-dimensional topological insulator WTe${}_2$
• Tunable Charged Domain Wall from Topological Confinement in Nodal-Line Semimetals
• Induced Spin-texture at 3$d$ Transition Metal/Topological Insulator Interfaces
• Search for enhanced magnetism at the interface between Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ and EuSe
• Nonreciprocal spin-charge interconversion in topological insulator/ferromagnet heterostructures
• Large Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Ferromagnet/Topological Insulator Contacts
• Multi-band character revealed from Weak-antilocalization effect in Platinum thin films
• Design of spin-orbital-textures in ferromagnetic/topological insulator interfaces
• Spin Hall conductivity in Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_x$ as an experimental test of bulk-boundary correspondence
• Proximity-induced nonlinear magnetoresistances on topological insulators
• Spin-torque resonance due to diffusive dynamics at a surface of topological insulator
• Dual topological insulator with mirror symmetry protected helical edge states
• Memristive switching in the surface of a charge-density-wave topological semimetal
• Spin and orbital Edelstein effect in spin-orbit coupled noncentrosymmetric superconductor
• Néel Spin-Orbit Torque in Antiferromagnetic Quantum Spin and Anomalous Hall Insulators
• Weak localization of magnons in chiral magnets
• Detection of current induced spin polarization in epitaxial Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ thin film
• Out-of-plane spin-to-charge conversion at low temperatures in graphene/MoTe${}_2$ heterostructures
• Tunable spin-charge conversion through topological phase transitions in zigzag nanoribbons
• Spin-orbit Torque Switching in an All-Van der Waals Heterostructure
• Anomalous quantum Hall effect induced by disorder in topological insulators
• Evidence for spin swapping from modulation of transverse resistance in magnetic heterostructures with Rashba interface
• Strong Spin-Orbit Torque effect on magnetic defects due to topological surface state electrons in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Magnetic scattering with spin-momentum locking: Single scatterers and diffraction grating
• Interplay between Topological States and Rashba States as Manifested on Surface Steps at Room Temperature
• Anomalously small superconducting gap in the strong spin-orbit coupled superconductor: $\beta -$Tungsten
• Identifying the fingerprints of topological states by tuning magnetoresistance in a semimetal: the case of topological half-Heusler Pt1-xAuxLuSb
• Facilitating field-free perpendicular magnetization switching with a Berry curvature dipole in a Weyl semimetal
• Electromagnon on the Surface of Magnetic Topological Insulator
• Topological phase transition induced by magnetic proximity effect in two dimensions
• Quantification of spin-charge interconversion in highly resistive sputtered Bi${}_x$Se${}_{1-x}$ with non-local spin valves
• Proximity-induced zero-energy states indistinguishable from topological edge states
• Large Spin Hall Effect in High-Entropy Alloy/CoFeB Bilayers
• Gate-Tunable Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Topological Insulator-Magnetic Insulator Heterostructures at Room Temperature
• Coexistent topological and chiral phonons in chiral RhGe: An ab initio study
• Quantum Capacitance of a Topological Insulator-Ferromagnet Interface
• Tracing Dirac points of topological surface states by ferromagnetic resonance
• Observation of charge-to-spin conversion with giant efficiency at Ni${}_{0.8}$Fe${}_{0.2}$/Bi${}_2$WO${}_6$ interface
• Materials Relevant to Realizing a Field-Effect Transistor based on Spin-Orbit Torques
• Spin accumulation in disordered topological insulator thin films
• Magnetoelectric effect in band insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures
• Spin-orbit torques due to topological insulator surface states: an in-plane magnetization as a probe of extrinsic spin-orbit scattering
• Dynamic detection of current-induced spin-orbit magnetic fields: a phase independent approach
• Structural Anisotropy in Sb Thin Films
• Voltage-Controlled Low-Energy Switching of Nanomagnets through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interactions for Magnetoelectric Device Applications
• Room temperature energy-efficient spin-orbit torque switching in wafer-scale all-vdW heterostructure
• Room temperature charge-to-spin conversion from q-2DEG at SrTiO3-based interfaces
• Spintronics for neuromorphic computing
• Bulk spin conductivity of three-dimensional topological insulator
• Unoccupied Topological Surface State in MnBi${}_2$Te${}_4$
• Spin texture tunability in Mn${}_{1-x}$Ge${}_x$Bi${}_2$Te${}_4$ through varying Ge Concentration
• Carrier Density and Thickness Dependent Proximity Effect in Doped Topological Insulator -- Metallic Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Facet-dependent giant spin orbit torque in single crystalline antiferromagnetic Ir-Mn / ferromagnetic permalloy bilayers
• Topological delocalization and tuning of surface channel separation in Bi2Se2Te Topological Insulator Thin films
• Chiral edge transport along domain walls in magnetic topological insulator nanoribbons
• Transmission of charge and spin in a topological-insulator-based magnetic structure
• Physical spin torques from exactly constrained exchange-correlation torques
• Intrinsic nature of the giant spin Hall conductivity of Pt
• Designer spin-orbit superlattices: symmetry-protected Dirac cones and spin Berry curvature in two-dimensional van der Waals metamaterials
• Observation of spin Nernst photocurrents in topological insulators
• Unraveling the dynamics of magnetization in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures via spin-orbit torque
• Entropy Driven Inductive Response of Topological Insulators
• Giant Spin Transport Anisotropy in Magnetic Topological Insulators
• Electronic structures and stability investigation of the new class of large band gap topological insulators MTl${}_4$Te${}_3$ (M = Cd, Hg)
• Interface controlled Berry phase and anisotropic spin-charge conversion in altermagnet-topological insulator bilayers
• Spin-orbit torque switching of Néel order in band-inverted antiferromagnetic bilayer MnBi${}_2$Te${}_4$
• Spin-orbit torque: Moving towards two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
• Moiré spintronics: Emergent phenomena, material realization and machine learning accelerating discovery
• Promoted current-induced spin polarization in inversion symmetry broken topological insulator thin films
• Emergence of giant spin-orbit torque in a two-dimensional hole gas on the hydrogen-terminated diamond surface
• Current-Modulated Magnetoplasmonic Devices
• Spin Wave Generation via Localized Spin-Orbit Torque in an Antiferromagnet-Topological Insulator Heterostructure
• Strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell for energy-efficient Processing in Memory
• Fate of surface gaps in magnetic topological insulators
• Strong, Temperature-Dependent Spin-Orbit Torques in Heavy Fermion YbAl${}_3$
• Electronic Manipulation of Magnon Topology by Chirality Injection from Boundaries
• Probing anisotropy in epitaxial Fe/Pt bilayers by spin-orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance
• Topological Antenna: A Non-Classical Beam-Steering Micro-Antenna Based on Spin Injection from a Topological Insulator
• Exact solutions for topological surface states of three-dimensional lattice models
• AC Current-Driven Magnetization Switching and Nonlinear Hall Rectification in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
• Characterizing Spin-Orbit Torques by Tensorial Spin Hall Magnetoresistance
• Orbital Hall effect in spin-3/2 hole-doped semiconductors and its implications for orbitronics
• Bulk-edge coulping induced by a moving impurity
• Thermal Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics
• Orthogonal Cherenkov sound in spin-orbit coupled systems
• Tailoring Ultrathin Magnetic Multilayers at Terraced Topologically Insulating Interfaces for Perpendicularly Magnetized Domains
• Investigating spin and orbital effects via spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance
• Disambiguating electrical detection of magnetization dynamics in magnetic insulators
• Impact of the out-of-plane conductivity on spin transport evaluation in a van der Waals material
• Designing Magnetic Topological Insulator Trilayers for Highly-Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Switching
• Emergent One-Dimensional Helical Channel in Higher-Order Topological Insulators with Step Edges
• Voltage Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy Based Low Energy Switching of a Ferromagnet on a Topological Insulator
• Spin transport in a normal meta-altermagnetic superconducting nanowire junction
• Theory of Andreev reflection spectroscopy with anisotropic spin-dependent scattering
• Modeling and Simulation of Spin Transfer Torque Generated at Topological Insulator/Ferromagnetic Heterostructure
• Probing magnon-magnon coupling in exchange coupled Y${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$/Permalloy bilayers with magneto-optical effects