Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect

Abstract

The generation, manipulation and detection of spin-polarized electrons in nanostructures define the main challenges of spin-based electronics[1]. Amongst the different approaches for spin generation and manipulation, spin-orbit coupling, which couples the spin of an electron to its momentum, is attracting considerable interest. In a spin-orbit-coupled system, a nonzero spin-current is predicted in a direction perpendicular to the applied electric field, giving rise to a "spin Hall effect"[2-4]. Consistent with this effect, electrically-induced spin polarization was recently detected by optical techniques at the edges of a semiconductor channel[5] and in two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductor heterostructures[6,7]. Here we report electrical measurements of the spin-Hall effect in a diffusive metallic conductor, using a ferromagnetic electrode in combination with a tunnel barrier to inject a spin-polarized current. In our devices, we observe an induced voltage that results exclusively from the conversion of the injected spin current into charge imbalance through the spin Hall effect. Such a voltage is proportional to the component of the injected spins that is perpendicular to the plane defined by the spin current direction and the voltage probes. These experiments reveal opportunities for efficient spin detection without the need for magnetic materials, which could lead to useful spintronics devices that integrate information processing and data storage.

5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Nature (pending format approval)

References in corpus (2)

• Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
• Theory of Spin Hall conductivity in n-doped GaAs

Cited by in corpus (126)

• Spin Seebeck insulator
• Electronic measurement and control of spin transport in Silicon
• Study of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect and Orbital Hall Effect in 4d- and 5d- Transition Metals
• Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect
• Giant Orbital Hall Effect in Transition Metals: Origin of Large Spin and Anomalous Hall Effects
• Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect Free from the Proximity Nernst Effect
• Temperature dependence of spin diffusion length and spin Hall angle in Au and Pt
• Current-Induced Polarization and the Spin Hall Effect at Room Temperature
• Evolution of the spin Hall effect in Pt nanowires: Size and temperature effects
• Magnon Mediated Electric Current Drag Across a Ferromagnetic Insulator Layer
• Electronic control of the spin-wave damping in a magnetic insulator
• Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth
• Spin Hall Angle Quantification from Spin Pumping and Microwave Photoresistance
• Giant Intrinsic Spin and Orbital Hall Effects in Sr2MO4 (M=Ru,Rh,Mo)
• Spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnets and compensated ferrimagnets
• Onsager Relations in Coupled Electric, Thermoelectric and Spin Transport: The Ten-Fold Way
• Extremely long quasiparticle spin lifetimes in superconducting aluminium using MgO tunnel spin injectors
• Persistent spin current in nano-devices and definition of the spin current
• Full electrical control of Charge and Spin conductance through Interferometry of Edge States in Topological Insulators
• Anisotropic spin Hall effect from first principles
• Quantitative Temperature Dependence of Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect at High Temperatures
• Spin Nernst effect and Nernst effect in two-dimensional electron systems
• An experimental demonstration of room-temperature spin transport in n-type Germanium epilayers
• Negative nonlocal resistance in mesoscopic gold Hall bars: Absence of giant spin Hall effect
• Anomalous Hall effect in YIG$|$Pt bilayers
• Current-induced motion of a transverse magnetic domain wall in the presence of spin Hall effect
• Ballistic Spin Resonance
• Enhanced spin Hall effect by resonant skew scattering in orbital-selective Kondo effect
• Control of spin injection by direct current in lateral spin valves
• Tunable Giant Spin Hall Conductivities in a Strong Spin-Orbit Semimetal: Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_x$
• Theory of spin Hall effect
• Spin injection and relaxation in a mesoscopic superconductor
• Electrical generation of pure spin currents in a two-dimensional electron gas
• Generation of spin currents and spin densities in systems with reduced symmetry
• Anomalous Nernst and Hall effects in magnetized platinum and palladium
• Experimental Spin Ratchet
• Sign of inverse spin Hall voltages generated by ferromagnetic resonance and temperature gradients in yttrium iron garnet|platinum bilayers
• Influence of dephasing process on the quantum Hall effect and the spin Hall effect
• Spin current generation from sputtered Y3Fe5O12 films
• Spin-bias driven magnetization reversal and nondestructive detection in a single molecular magnet
• Mesoscopic Spin Hall Effect
• Spin-Scattering Rates in Metallic Thin Films Measured by Ferromagnetic Resonance Damping Enhanced by Spin-Pumping
• Observation of intrinsic inverse spin Hall effect
• Double quantum dot as detector of spin bias
• Second-order nonlinear optical effects of spin currents
• Dynamic Spin Injection into Chemical Vapor Deposited Graphene
• Tunable spin-gaps in a quantum-confined geometry
• Rashba quantum wire: exact solution and ballistic transport
• Study of intrinsic spin and orbital Hall effects in Pt based on a (6s, 6p, 5d) tight-binding model
• The spin Hall effect as a probe of nonlinear spin fluctuations
• Using spin bias to manipulate and measure quantum spin in quantum dots
• Detection of current-induced spins by ferromagnetic contacts
• Gradient expansion approach to multiple-band Fermi liquids
• Pure spin photocurrents
• Deduction of Pure Spin Current from Spin Linear and Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
• Charge and Spin Currents Generated by Dynamical Spins
• Polarized Electric Current in Semiclassical Transport with Spin-Orbit Interaction
• Modulation of pure spin currents with a ferromagnetic insulator
• Direct measurement of a pure spin current by a polarized light beam
• Quantum dissipative Rashba spin ratchets
• Current-induced spin polarization at the surface of metallic films: a theorem and an ab initio calculation
• Inverse Spin Hall Effect Driven by Spin Motive Force
• Charge current driven by spin dynamics in disordered Rashba spin-orbit system
• Intrinsic spin Hall effect in noncubic crystals
• Intrinsic Spin and Orbital Hall Effects in Heavy Fermion Systems
• Anomalous Transport in Sketched Nanostructures at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• On the nature of steady states of spin distributions in the presence of spin-orbit interactions
• Ultra-low-energy computing paradigm using giant spin Hall devices
• Zeeman ratchets: pure spin current generation in mesoscopic conductors with non-uniform magnetic fields
• Spin-Current-Induced Charge Accumulation and Electric Current in Semiconductor Nanostructures with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Spin and charge optical conductivities in spin-orbit coupled systems
• Spin relaxation and spin Hall transport in 5d transition-metal ultrathin films
• Drift and Diffusion of Spins Generated by the Spin Hall Effect
• Spin polarization decay in spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 systems
• Spin-Hall Conductivity and Electric Polarization in Metallic Thin Films
• Inverse Spin Hall Effect and Anomalous Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect in s-wave Superconducting State: Analysis of Rashba Model
• Optical and electrical spin injection and spin transport in hybrid Fe/GaAs devices
• Extracting current-induced spins: spin boundary conditions at narrow Hall contacts
• Torque and conventional spin-Hall currents in two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled systems: Universal relation and hyper-selection rule
• Spin Hall Effect of Excitons
• Mesoscopic Spin-Hall Effect in 2D electron systems with smooth boundaries
• Giant mesoscopic spin Hall effect on surface of topological insulator
• Inverse spin Hall effect in a closed loop circuit
• Conductance plateau in quantum spin transport through an interacting quantum dot
• Spin Bias Measurement Based on a Quantum Point Contact
• Spin-current diode with a ferromagnetic semiconductor
• Generalized correlation functions for conductance fluctuations and the mesoscopic spin Hall effect
• Magneto-electric photocurrent generated by direct inter-band transitions in InGaAs/InAlAs two-dimensional electron gas
• Intrinsic spin-Hall accumulation in honeycomb lattices: Band structure effects
• Low field phase diagram of spin-Hall effect in the mesoscopic regime
• What can we learn about the dynamics of transported spins by measuring shot noise in spin-orbit-coupled nanostructures?
• Hall Voltage with the Spin Hall Effect
• Kinetic investigation on extrinsic spin Hall effect induced by skew scattering
• Room temperature spin thermoelectrics in metallic films
• Sagnac Rotational Phase Shifts in a Mesoscopic Electron Interferometer with Spin-Orbit Interactions
• Enhanced Inverse Spin-Hall Effect in Ultrathin Ferromagnetic/Normal Metal Bilayers
• Topological quantum phase transition and the Berry phase near the Fermi surface in hole-doped quantum wells
• Intrinsic spin Hall effect in graphene: Numerical calculations in a multi-orbital mode
• Direct observation of non-equilibrium spin population in quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures
• Magnification of spin Hall effect in bilayer electron gas
• Generation of Spin Currents in the Skyrmion Phase of a Helimagnetic Insulator $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_2\mathrm{OSe}{\mathrm{O}}_3$
• Interplay between quantum dissipation and an in-plane magnetic field in the spin ratchet effect
• Effect of ferromagnetic contacts on spin accumulation in an all-metallic lateral spin-valve system: Semiclassical spin drift-diffusion equations
• Understanding spin Hall effects from the motion in SU(2)XU(1) fields
• Spin torque contribution to the a.c. spin Hall conductivity
• Understanding spin transport from the motion in SU(2)$\times$U(1) fields
• Disorder effect of resonant spin Hall effect in a tilted magnetic field
• Resonant Spin Polarization and Hall Effects in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Spin and Charge Shot Noise in Mesoscopic Spin Hall Systems
• Theory of resonant spin Hall effect
• Spectral shape deformation in inverse spin Hall voltage in Y3Fe5O12|Pt bilayers at high microwave power levels
• Inverse Spin Hall Effect by Spin Injection
• Boltzmann approach to the spin Hall effect revisited and electric field modified collision integrals
• Spin polarization of electron current through a potential barrier in two-dimensional structures with spin-orbit interaction
• Electron spin diffusion at the interface of multiferroic oxides
• Spin Current in Junctions composed of Multi-band Superconductors with a Spin-density Wave
• Spin transport properties of a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads with noncollinear magnetizations
• Frequency- and transverse wave-vector-dependent spin Hall conductivity in two-dimensional electron gas with disorder
• Hanle Effect near Boundaries
• Four-Step Evolution of Spin-Hall Conductance: Tight-Binding Electrons with Rashba Coupling in a Magnetic Field
• Influence of inelastic relaxation time on intrinsic spin Hall effects in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas
• Optical effects of spin currents in semiconductors
• Spin Hall effect associated with SU(2) gauge field
• Towards coherent spin precession in pure-spin current
• Spin filtering in a magnetic barrier structure: in-plane spin orientation