Generation of spin currents and spin densities in systems with reduced symmetry

Abstract

We show that the spin-current response of a semiconductor crystal to an external electric field is considerably more complex than previously assumed. While in systems of high symmetry only the spin-Hall components are allowed, in systems of lower symmetry other non-spin-Hall components may be present. We argue that, when spin-orbit interactions are present only in the band structure, the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the spin current is not useful. We show that the generation of spin currents and that of spin densities in an electric field are closely related, and that our general theory provides a systematic way to distinguish between them in experiment. We discuss also the meaning of vertex corrections in systems with spin-orbit interactions.

arXiv comment4 pages

References in corpus (33)

• Spin Hall effect
• Universal Intrinsic Spin-Hall Effect
• Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
• Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect
• Experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a two dimensional spin-orbit coupled semiconductor system
• Spatial imaging of the spin Hall effect and current-induced polarization in two-dimensional electron gases
• Suppression of the Persistent Spin Hall Current by Defect Scattering
• On A Proper Definition of Spin Current
• Theory of Spin Hall conductivity in n-doped GaAs
• Current-Induced Polarization and the Spin Hall Effect at Room Temperature
• Diffuse transport and spin accumulation in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas
• Nondissipative Spin Hall Effect via Quantized Edge Transport
• Spin-Hall effect in a disordered 2D electron-system
• Imaging spin flows in semiconductors subject to electric, magnetic, and strain fields
• Imaging mesoscopic spin Hall flow: Spatial distribution of local spin currents and spin densities in and out of multiterminal spin-orbit coupled semiconductor nanostructures
• Spin-Hall transport of heavy holes in III-V semiconductor quantum wells
• Intrinsic Spin and Orbital-Angular-Momentum Hall Effect
• Sum rules for spin-Hall conductivity cancelation
• Nonexistence of intrinsic spin currents
• Spin-Hall and spin-diagonal conductivity in the presence of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling
• Intrinsic Spin Hall Edges
• Quasiclassical approach to the spin-Hall effect in the two-dimensional electron gas
• Small-angle impurity scattering and the spin Hall conductivity in 2D systems
• Spin Hall effect of conserved current: Conditions for a nonzero spin Hall current
• Spin resolved Hall effect driven by spin-orbit coupling
• Consistency in Formulation of Spin Current and Torque Associated with a Variance of Angular Momentum
• Observation of electric current induced by optically injected spin current
• Coulomb corrections to the extrinsic spin-Hall effect of a two-dimensional electron gas
• The Intrinsic Spin Hall Conductivity in a Generalized Rashba Model
• Spin Hall effect in two-dimensional $p$-type semiconductors in a magnetic field
• Spin Transport in Two Dimensional Hopping Systems
• Generalized Kubo formula for spin transport: A theory of linear response to non-Abelian fields
• Spin-Hall interface resistance in terms of Landauer type spin dipoles

Cited by in corpus (37)

• Roadmap of spin-orbit torques
• Manipulation of the large Rashba spin splitting in polar two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
• Gate-tuneable and chirality-dependent charge-to-spin conversion in Tellurium nanowires
• Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/graphite/Fe3GeTe2 tri-layer heterostructures
• Unconventional charge-spin conversion in Weyl-semimetal WTe2
• Magneto-Electric Effect in Three-dimensional Coupled Zigzag Chains
• Large multi-directional spin-to-charge conversion in low symmetry semimetal MoTe${}_2$ at room temperature
• Inter-band Coherence Response to Electric Fields in Crystals
• Perspective on Metallic Antiferromagnets
• Spin-orbit interactions in inversion-asymmetric 2D hole systems: a variational analysis
• Intrinsic Nonlinear Spin Magnetoelectricity in Centrosymmetric Magnets
• Time-Reversal-Even Nonlinear Current Induced Spin Polarization
• Twist- and gate-tunable proximity spin-orbit coupling, spin relaxation anisotropy, and charge-to-spin conversion in heterostructures of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Ballistic spin transport in the presence of interfaces with strong spin-orbit coupling
• An electrically driven spin qubit based on valley mixing
• Semiclassical equations of motion for disordered conductors: extrinsic interband velocity, corrected collision integral and spin-orbit torques
• Spin blockade as a probe of Zeeman interactions in hole quantum dots
• Spin polarizations and spin Hall currents in a two-dimensional electron gas with magnetic impurities
• Unconventional charge-to-spin conversions in graphene/MoTe2 van der Waals heterostructures
• Omnidirectional spin-to-charge conversion in graphene/NbSe${}_2$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Direct measurement of a pure spin current by a polarized light beam
• Current-induced spin polarization at the surface of metallic films: a theorem and an ab initio calculation
• Quantum Kinetic Theory of Nonlinear Optical Currents: Finite Fermi surface and Fermi sea contributions
• On the nature of steady states of spin distributions in the presence of spin-orbit interactions
• Anomalous spin precession and spin Hall effect in semiconductor quantum wells
• Tunneling spin current in a system with spin degeneracy
• Strong enhancement of the Edelstein effect in f-electron systems
• Control of charge-spin interconversion in van der Waals heterostructures with chiral charge density waves
• Intrinsic Dynamic Generation of Spin Polarization by Time-Varying Electric Field
• Out-of-plane spin-to-charge conversion at low temperatures in graphene/MoTe${}_2$ heterostructures
• The quantum skyrmion Hall effect in f electron systems
• Anomalous enhancement of spin Hall conductivity in superconductor/normal metal junction
• Controlling the spin orientation of photoexcited electrons by symmetry breaking
• Electric field effect on electron gas spins in two-dimensional magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling
• Steady-state spin densities and currents
• Probing quantum geometric nonlinear magnetization via second-harmonic magneto-optical Kerr effect
• Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Cavity Vacuum and Emergent Gyrotropic Effects in Embedded moiré Superlattices