Early Dark Energy Can Resolve The Hubble Tension

Abstract

Early dark energy (EDE) that behaves like a cosmological constant at early times (redshifts $z\gtrsim 3000$) and then dilutes away like radiation or faster at later times can solve the Hubble tension. In these models, the sound horizon at decoupling is reduced resulting in a larger value of the Hubble parameter $H_0$ inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We consider two physical models for this EDE, one involving an oscillating scalar field and another a slowly-rolling field. We perform a detailed calculation of the evolution of perturbations in these models. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo search of the parameter space for the EDE parameters, in conjunction with the standard cosmological parameters, identifies regions in which $H_0$ inferred from {\it Planck} CMB data agrees with the SH0ES local measurement. In these cosmologies, current baryon acoustic oscillation and supernova data are described as successfully as in \LCDM, while the fit to {\it Planck} data is slightly improved. Future CMB and large-scale-structure surveys will further probe this scenario.

v1: 4p+appendix, 3 figures. v2: small changes, notably estimates of bayesian evidence. matches the version published in PRL

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• Cosmological discordances III: more on measure properties, Large-Scale-Structure constraints, the Hubble constant and Planck
• Thermal Dark Energy
• TDCOSMO VIII: Cosmological distance measurements in light of the mass-sheet degeneracy -- forecasts from strong lensing and IFU stellar kinematics
• Probing Axions through Tomography of Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence
• A testable hidden-sector model for Dark Matter and neutrino masses
• Impact of symmetron screening on the Hubble tension: new constraints using cosmic distance ladder data
• Ultra-light axions and the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Decay of multiple dark matter particles to dark radiation in different epochs does not alleviate the Hubble tension
• Robust evidence for dynamical dark energy in light of DESI DR2 and joint ACT, SPT, and Planck data
• Measuring the Hubble constant with kilonovae using the Expanding Photosphere Method
• Unifying Inflation with early and late Dark Energy in Multi-Fields: Spontaneously broken scale invariant TMT
• Alleviating the Hubble-constant tension and the growth tension via a transition of absolute magnitude favored by the Pantheon+ sample
• Dark Sectors with Mass Thresholds Face Cosmological Datasets
• Alleviating $H_0$ tension in scalar-tensor and bi-scalar-tensor theories
• Consistent extinction model for type Ia supernovae in Cepheid-based calibration galaxies and its impact on $H_0$
• A critical discussion on the $H_0$ tension
• Testing the local void hypothesis using baryon acoustic oscillation measurements over the last twenty years
• Raychaudhuri equation in $k$-essence geometry: conditional singular and non-singular cosmological models
• How does an incomplete sky coverage affect the Hubble Constant variance?
• Testing the $n_s-H_0$ scaling relation with Planck-independent CMB data
• New Early Dark Energy as a solution to the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions
• A Model of Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Radiation for $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ Tensions
• Constraints on Early Dark Energy from the Axion Weak Gravity Conjecture
• Phenomenological Gravitational Phase Transition: Reconciliation between the Late and Early Universe
• The Oscillatory Universe, phantom crossing and the Hubble tension
• Reconstructing Quintessence
• An exponential equation of state of dark energy in the light of 2018 CMB Planck data
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• Phenomenological Gravitational Phase Transition: Early and Late Modifications
• D-term inflation in braneworld models: Consistency with cosmic-string bounds and early-time Hubble tension resolving models
• Early dark energy by dark Higgs, and axion-induced non-thermal trapping
• Generalizing the Constant-roll Condition in Scalar Inflation
• Reconciling early dark energy with a Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum
• Towards alleviating the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions with Early Dark Energy - Dark Matter drag
• The Halo Spin Transition as a Probe of Dark Energy
• A cosmic glitch in gravity
• Exploring Mirror Twin Higgs Cosmology with Present and Future Weak Lensing Surveys
• Phase-space analysis of dark energy models in non-minimally coupled theories of gravity
• Deconstructing the Planck TT Power Spectrum to Constrain Deviations from $\Lambda$CDM
• A comparison between axion-like and power law potentials in cosmological background
• Toward a simultaneous resolution of the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions: early dark energy and an interacting dark sector model
• Type Ia supernovae data with scalar-tensor gravity
• Enhanced primordial gravitational waves from a stiff post-inflationary era due to an oscillating inflaton
• Mori-Zwanzig formalism for general relativity: a new approach to the averaging problem
• Inflation and the cosmological (not-so) constant in unimodular gravity
• Was Entropy Conserved between BBN and Recombination?
• A New Solution for the Observed Isotropic Cosmic Birefringence Angle and its Implications for the Anisotropic Counterpart through a Boltzmann Approach
• Cosmology before noon with multiple galaxy populations
• Early Dark Energy from a Higher-dimensional Gauge Theory
• Standard siren cosmology in the era of the 2.5-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors: bright and dark sirens of LIGO Voyager and NEMO
• Testing scale-invariant inflation against cosmological data
• Superhorizon perturbations: A possible explanation of the Hubble--Lemaître Tension and the Large Scale Anisotropy of the Universe
• Ultralight dark photon as a model for early universe dark matter
• Constraints from High-Precision Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background: The Case of Disintegrating Dark Matter with $\Lambda$ or Dynamical Dark Energy
• Resonant production of dark photons from axion without a large coupling
• Bayesian analysis of a Unified Dark Matter model with transition: can it alleviate the $H_0$ tension?
• Determination of cosmic curvature independent of the sound horizon and $H_0$ using BOSS/eBOSS and DESI DR1 BAO observations
• Thomson scattering: One rate to rule them all
• Measurement of the matter-radiation equality scale using the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Quasar Sample
• Charged Dark Matter and the $H_0$ tension
• Reducing the $H_0$ Tension with Exponential Acoustic Dark Energy
• Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
• Non-oscillating Early Dark Energy and Quintessence from Alpha-Attractors
• Role of the Hubble Scale in the Weak Lensing vs. CMB Tension
• Hubble distancing: Focusing on distance measurements in cosmology
• TDCOSMO VIII: A key test of systematics in the hierarchical method of time-delay cosmography
• Kinetically Coupled Scalar Fields Model and Cosmological Tensions
• The effects on CMB power spectra and bispectra from the polarization rotation and its correlations with temperature and E-polarization
• Big bang nucleosynthesis and early dark energy in light of the EMPRESS $Y_p$ results and the $H_0$ tension
• DE models with combined $H_0\cdot r_d$ from BAO and CMB dataset and friends
• Does the fraction of dark matter diminish with early dark energy?
• Early dark energy constraints with late-time expansion marginalization
• Holographic energy density, dark energy sound speed, and tensions in cosmological parameters: $H_0$ and $S_8$
• Interacting Scalar fields: Dark matter and early dark energy
• A visual tool for assessing tension-resolving models in the $H_0$-${\sigma }_8$ plane
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Towards a Solution to the H0 Tension: the Price to Pay
• Early dark energy and the screening mechanism
• Joint Constraints on the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and Sound Horizon from the Late-time Universe with Cosmography
• HI intensity mapping with MeerKAT: forecast for delay power spectrum measurement using interferometer mode
• Band-limited Features in the Primordial Power Spectrum Do Not Resolve the Hubble Tension
• Quantum origin of dark energy and the Hubble tension
• Non-thermally trapped inflation by tachyonic dark photon production
• CMB lensing in a modified $\Lambda$CDM model in light of the $H_0$ tension
• Measuring neutrino masses with joint JWST and DESI DR2 data
• Cosmological Distances And Hubble Tension In Einstein-Cartan Theory
• Constraining Holographic Dark Energy and Analyzing Cosmological Tensions
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Cosmographic analysis of sign-switching dark energy
• Observational constraints on interactions between dark energy and dark matter with momentum and energy transfers
• Comprehensive Constraints on Dark Radiation Injection After BBN
• Quintessential early dark energy
• Evidence of dark energy in different cosmological observations
• Shan--Chen interacting vacuum cosmology
• A unified geometric description of the Universe: from inflation to late-time acceleration without an inflaton nor a cosmological constant
• Explanation of high redshift luminous galaxies from JWST by early dark energy model
• Possible Resolution of the Hubble Tension with Weyl Invariant Gravity
• Constraining deviations from $\Lambda$CDM in the Hubble expansion rate
• Inflaton-driven early dark energy
• Dynamical dark energy can amplify the expansion rate of the Universe
• General parametrization for energy density of quintessence field
• Decay of $f(R)$ quintessence into dark matter: mitigating the Hubble tension?
• Coupled dark energy model inspired from general conformal transformation
• Cosmological implications of tracker scalar fields: Testing the evidence for dynamical dark energy with recent data
• Primordial black holes as cosmic expansion accelerators
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• No evidence for EDE from Planck data in extended scenarios
• Self-interacting neutrinos, the Hubble parameter tension, and the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Quadratic energy-momentum squared gravity: constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis
• Coupled Dark Sector Models and Cosmological Tensions
• Torsion cosmology in the light of DESI, supernovae and CMB observational constraints
• Imprint of Early Dark Energy in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• An Examination of Geometrical and Potential Time Delays in Gravitational Lensing
• Effects of a local physics change on the SH0ES determination of $H_0$
• Interplay of CMB Temperature, Space Curvature, and Expansion Rate Parameters
• Non-particle dark matter from Hubble parameter
• Observational evidence for Early Dark Energy as a unified explanation for Cosmic Birefringence and the Hubble tension
• Dark energy with the help of interacting dark sectors
• Cosmological Constraints on Thermal Friction of Axion Dark Matter
• Searching for dark energy in the matter-dominated era
• Gravitational waves, CMB polarization, and the Hubble tension
• Sound-Horizon-Agnostic Inference of the Hubble Constant and Neutrino Mass from BAO, CMB Lensing, and Galaxy Weak Lensing and Clustering
• Constraining Exponential f(Q) Gravity with Cosmic Chronometers and Supernovae: A Data-Driven Analysis
• Addressing the Hubble tension in Yukawa cosmology?
• Enhanced power spectra from multi-field inflation
• On Sphaleron Heating in the Presence of Fermions
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• A convenient approach to characterizing model uncertainty with application to early dark energy solutions of the Hubble tension
• Can acoustic and axion-like early dark energy still resolve the Hubble tension?
• Testing the consistency of early and late cosmological parameters with BAO and CMB data
• Effects of anisotropy in an anisotropic extension of $w$CDM model
• Exact general solutions for cosmological scalar field evolution in a background-dominated expansion
• Symbolic Implementation of Extensions of the $\text{PyCosmo}$ Boltzmann Solver
• B-modes from Post-inflationary Gravitational Waves Sourced by Axionic Instabilities at Cosmic Reionization
• A universal bound on the duration of a kination era
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• Simultaneous measurements on cosmic curvature and opacity using latest HII regions and $H(z)$ observations
• Eliminating the Hubble Tension in the Presence of the Interconnection between Dark Energy and Matter in the Modern Universe
• Forays into the dark side of the swamp
• Interacting dark energy axions in light of the Hubble tension
• Obtaining a scalar fifth force via a broken-symmetry couple between the scalar field and matter
• Analytic Calculation of Covariance between Cosmological Parameters from Correlated Data Sets, with an Application to SPTpol
• Can the sound horizon-free measurement of $H_0$ constrain early new physics?
• Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards as a Robust Test on Late-Time Cosmological Models
• Incompatibility of fine-structure constant variations at recombination with local observations
• Axi-Higgs cosmology: Cosmic Microwave Background and cosmological tensions
• What if the universe expands linearly? A local general relativity to solve the "zero active mass" problem
• Multiple measurements on the cosmic curvature using Gaussian process regression without calibration and a cosmological model
• Addressing the $H_0$ tension through matter with pressure and no early dark energy
• Difficulties in reconciling non-negligible differences between the local and cosmological values of the gravitational coupling in extended Brans-Dicke theories
• An Informational Approach to Cosmological Parameter Estimation
• Effects of a Late Gravitational Transition on Gravitational Waves and Anticipated Constraints
• Constraints on Late Time Violations of the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector
• Cosmology at high redshift -- a probe of fundamental physics
• Chameleon Early Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• Power-law Inflation Satisfies Penrose's Weyl Curvature Hypothesis
• Early Dark Energy During Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Towards Machine-assisted Meta-Studies: The Hubble Constant
• Dynamic Dark Energy Equation of State (EoS) and Hubble Constant analysis using type Ia supernovae from Union 2.1 dataset
• Dark energy-dark matter interactions as a solution to the $S_8$ tension
• A new parametrization of Hubble function and Hubble tension
• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• Resilience and implications of adiabatic CMB cooling
• Endowing $\mathbf{\Lambda }$ with a dynamic nature: constraints in a spatially curved Universe
• Constraints on the Hubble and matter density parameters with and without modelling the CMB anisotropies
• Fluctuating Dark Energy and the Luminosity Distance
• Another look on the connections of Hubble tension with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Cosmological signatures of a Rapid Diluted Energy Density
• 2D BAO vs 3D BAO: Hints for new physics?
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Relaxing cosmological constraints on current neutrino masses
• Signatures of Very Early Dark Energy in the Matter Power Spectrum
• Impact of cosmological signatures in two-point statistics beyond the linear regime
• Prospects of probing dark energy with eLISA: Standard versus null diagnostics
• Redshift evolution of the Hubble constant: Constraints and new insights from an interacting dark energy model
• The T-E correlation coefficient of Planck legacy data
• The Hubble tension from the standpoint of quantum cosmology
• Equality scale-based and sound horizon-based analysis of the Hubble tension
• Cosmic acceleration from quantum Friedmann equations
• Redshift-space distortion constraints on the neutrino mass and models to alleviate the Hubble tension
• A flexible parameterization to test early physics solutions to the Hubble tension with future CMB data
• Lowering the Horizon on Dark Energy: A Late-Time Response to Early Solutions for the Hubble Tension
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Attractor Solutions in Interacting Dark Energy Models
• Anisotropic power-law inflation for a generalized model of two scalar and two vector fields
• Multi-messenger standard-siren cosmology for third-generation gravitational-wave detectors: forecasts considering observations of gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae
• Mass assembly history of dark matter halos in the light of $H_0$ tension
• Enhanced power of gravitational waves and rapid coalescence of black hole binaries through dark energy accretion
• Constraints on the phase transition of Early Dark Energy with the CMB anisotropies
• On the origin of the BAOtr-DESI tension
• Everything You Always Wanted to Know About How Causal Set Theory Can Help with Open Questions in Cosmology, but Were Afraid to Ask
• Early dark energy in the pre- and post-recombination epochs
• Implications of Dynamical Dark Energy in the expansion of the Universe and the Structure Formation
• Can radial motions in the stellar halo constrain the rate of change of mass in the Galaxy?
• Voids and Halos in Voids statistics as a probe of the Expansion History of the Universe
• A quintessence dynamical dark energy model from ratio gravity
• Sound Horizon Independent Constraints on Early Dark Energy: The Role of Supernova Data
• Structure Formation in Dark Matter Particle Production Cosmology
• Role of internal space correlations in the dynamics of a higher-dimensional Bianchi type-I universe: shear scalar and Hubble parameter perspectives
• Theory of interacting vector dark energy and fluid
• Can the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination decrease the Hubble tension?
• Effect of Peak Absolute Magnitude of Type Ia Supernovae and Sound Horizon Values on Hubble Tension using DESI results
• Constraints on the varying electron mass and early dark energy in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 and the implications for inflation
• $\Lambda$CDM and early dark energy in latent space: a data-driven parametrization of the CMB temperature power spectrum
• The establishment of the Standard Cosmological Model through observations
• Gravitation with modified fluid Lagrangian: Variational principle and an early dark energy model
• Conversations in the dark: cross-correlating birefringence and LSS to constrain axions
• Inhomogeneous Hubble diagram from vector K-mouflage
• Cosmological models, observational data and tension in Hubble constant
• Reconciling Cosmological Tensions with Inelastic Dark Matter and Dark Radiation in a $\mathbf{U}(1{)}_{\mathbf{D}}$ Framework
• Reconciling cosmic dipolar tensions with a gigaparsec void
• Neutrinos in Astrophysics and Cosmology: Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) 2020 Lectures
• Common Origin of Warm Dark Matter and Dark Radiation
• Rydberg States of H${}_3$ and HeH as Potential Coolants for Primordial Star Formation
• Exploring the expansion of the universe using the Grüneisen parameter
• Improving CMB constraints on early Universe physics with LSS: A multi-probe forecast including cross-covariance
• Harrison-Zeldovich attractor: From Planck to ACT results
• Revisiting Cosmic Distance Duality with Megamasers and DESI DR2 Observations: Model Independent Constraints on Early-Late Calibration
• The cosmological evolution of ultralight axionlike scalar fields
• Revisiting the Hubble constant, sound horizon and cosmography from late-time Universe observations
• Early dark energy and scalarization in a scalar-tensor model
• Alleviating the Hubble tension with Torsion Condensation (TorC)
• Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum from relativistic $N$-body Simulations: ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM versus $\Lambda$CDM
• Dark Acoustic Oscillations as an Early-Universe Explanation of the DESI Anomaly
• On the possibility of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements at redshift $z>7.6$ with the Roman Space Telescope
• Reheating constraints and the $H_0$ tension in Quintessential Inflation
• Biases in velocity reconstruction: investigating the effects on growth rate and expansion measurements in the local universe
• Model independent calibration for sound horizon combining observations of supernovae and transversal BAO measurements
• Unimodular Theory of Gravity in Light of the Latest Cosmological Data
• Determining Cosmological Constant Using Gravitational Wave Information
• Toward Cosmological Standard Timers in Primordial Black Hole Binaries
• Accounting for Correlations When Fitting Extra Cosmological Parameters
• Cosmology in $R^2$-gravity: Effects of a Higher Derivative Scalar Condensate Background
• Solving an Interacting Quintessence Model with a Sound Horizon Initial Condition and its Observational Constraints
• Can cosmic rotation resolve the Hubble tension? Constraints from CMB and large-scale structure
• Conformal Killing Gravity: New Constraints from DESI DR2 BAO datasets
• Correlation of structure growth index with current cosmic acceleration: constraints on dark energy models
• Primordial black hole driven cosmic acceleration
• Cosmological constraints on the big bang quantum cosmology model
• Dark Energy from Time Crystals
• Spinor solutions of a Chern-Simons model for the superconformal algebra
• Informational corrections to the early-Universe radiation sector: CET Omega, WIMP freeze-out, and implications for a possible 20 GeV gamma-ray excess
• The peculiar case of the Viaggiu holographic dark energy
• A gigaparsec-scale local void and the Hubble tension
• Constraining decaying dark matter with BOSS data and the effective field theory of large-scale structures
• Accelerating Universe with binary mixture of bulk viscous fluid and dark energy
• Dark Energy After DESI DR2: Observational Status, Reconstructions, and Physical Models
• Cosmological constant as a finite temperature effect
• Thermodynamics of sign-switching dark energy models
• Vacuum arbitrariness and the Hubble tension
• Standard candles and sirens rescue $H_0$
• Assessing the potential of cluster edges as a standard ruler
• Reference frame dependence of the local measurement of the Hubble constant
• Dissecting the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions with Planck + BAO + supernova type Ia in multi-parameter cosmologies
• The Hubble Tension: Relativistic Dark Matter Production from Long-lived Particles
• Dark sector interactions in light of weak lensing data
• Early dark energy triggered by spacetime dynamics that encodes cosmic radiation-matter transition
• Kinetic coupled tachyon: A dynamical system analysis
• Constraining Early Dark Energy cosmological models with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Testing the growth of cosmic structures during the Dark Ages
• Yano-Schrödinger Hyperfluid: Cosmological Implications
• Resolving the Hubble Tension in the Early Dark Energy Framework with JWST and DESI Data
• Constraints on the gravitational potential from DESI DR2 BAO and its implications for the local void scenario
• Running Hubble Constant with the Redshift as a Marker of Evolutionary Dark Energy
• Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
• Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
• The BAO scale -- how standard is the standard ruler?
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Cosmic magnification in beyond-Horndeski gravity
• BICEP/Keck XXI: Constraints on Early-Universe Parity Violation from Multipole-Dependent Birefringence
• On the True Significance of the Hubble Tension: A Bayesian Error Decomposition Accounting for Information Loss
• The $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions necessitate early and late time changes to $\Lambda$CDM
• ABCMB: A Python+JAX Package for the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum
• Possible evidences for physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM from DESI DR2 data
• El Modelo Estandar de la Cosmologia Moderna en Jaque
• Doubly Logarithmic Corrections to Radiation Domination from CET Ω: Theory and Planck/BBN Constraints
• Testing a nonlinear solution of the Israel-Stewart theory
• Cosmological "constant" in a universe born in the metastable false vacuum state
• Phenomenological model explaining Hubble Tension origin
• From Geometry to Observation: Gravitational Waves and the Raychaudhuri Equation
• Dark matter with excitable levels
• Bias on Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio Inference With Estimated Covariance Matrices
• How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
• Golden and Silver Dark Sirens for precise H0 measurement with HETDEX
• Evolution of matter perturbations in the context of cosmic slowing down
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• Revisiting the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination
• Dark radiation as a probe for phase transition in the early universe
• Saving CNB assisted EDE model at the expense of quantum corrections?
• Geometric Matching of Local Static Regions in Cosmological Spacetimes with an Evolving Lapse
• A Breathing Universe is Consistent