Probing Early Modification of Gravity with Planck, ACT and SPT

Abstract

We consider a model of early modified gravity (EMG) that was recently proposed as a candidate to resolve the Hubble tension. The model consists in a scalar field $\sigma$ with a non-minimal coupling (NMC) to the Ricci curvature of the form $F(\sigma )=M_{\mathrm{pl}}^2+\xi {\sigma }^2$ and an effective mass induced by a quartic potential $V(\sigma )=\lambda {\sigma }^4/4$. We present the first analyses of the EMG model in light of the latest ACT DR4 and SPT-3G data in combination with full Planck data, and find a $\gtrsim 2\sigma$ preference for a non-zero EMG contribution from a combination of primary CMB data alone, mostly driven by ACT DR4 data. This is different from popular 'Early Dark Energy' models, which are detected only when the high-$\ell$ information from Planck temperature is removed. We find that the NMC plays a key role in controlling the evolution of density perturbations that is favored by the data over the minimally coupled case. Including measurements of supernovae luminosity distance from Pantheon+, baryonic acoustic oscillations and growth factor from BOSS, and CMB lensing of Planck leaves the preference unaffected. In the EMG model, the tension with S$H_0$ES is alleviated from $\sim 6\sigma$ to $\sim 3\sigma$. Further adding S$H_0$ES data rise the detection of the EMG model above $5\sigma$.

25 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Added minor corrections. v2 matches the published JCAP version. Comments welcome!

References in corpus (18)

• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Clustering of the SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample I: A 4 per cent Distance Measure at z=0.15
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) I: Overview
• Early dark energy, the Hubble-parameter tension, and the string axiverse
• Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear Power Spectra
• DES Y3 + KiDS-1000: Consistent cosmology combining cosmic shear surveys
• Early modified gravity in light of the $H_0$ tension and LSS data
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Improving the Redshifts and Peculiar Velocities of Type Ia Supernovae Used in Cosmological Analyses
• Hints of Early Dark Energy in Planck, SPT, and ACT data: new physics or systematics?
• Cosmological constraints on the gravitational constant
• An exploration of an early gravity transition in light of cosmological tensions
• The weak, the strong and the ugly -- A comparative analysis of interacting stepped dark radiation
• Phantom scalar-tensor models and cosmological tensions
• Testing extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke theories with future cosmological observations
• Carnegie Supernova Project-I and -II: Measurements of $H_0$ using Cepheid, TRGB, and SBF Distance Calibration to Type Ia Supernovae
• Cosmological effects of the Galileon term in Scalar-Tensor Theories

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Transition dynamics in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Implications for bound cosmic structures
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology: Alleviating major cosmological tensions by predicting standard neutrino properties
• Kinetic Model for Dark Energy - Dark Matter Interaction: Scenario for the Hubble Tension
• Scalar-Tensor Gravity and DESI 2024 BAO data
• Non-oscillating Early Dark Energy and Quintessence from Alpha-Attractors
• Third-order corrections to the slow-roll expansion: calculation and constraints with Planck, ACT, SPT, and BICEP/Keck
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Can acoustic and axion-like early dark energy still resolve the Hubble tension?
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• A search for super-imposed oscillations to the primordial power spectrum in Planck and SPT-3G 2018 data
• Lowering the Horizon on Dark Energy: A Late-Time Response to Early Solutions for the Hubble Tension
• Ultralight Dark Matter from the Edge of Field Space
• Constraining Early Dark Energy cosmological models with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis