Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background

Abstract

We investigate the cosmological evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity function (HXLF) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the 2-10 keV luminosity range of 10^{41.5} - 10^{46.5} erg s^-1 as a function of redshift up to 3. From a combination of surveys conducted at photon energies above 2 keV with HEAO1, ASCA, and Chandra, we construct a highly complete (>96%) sample consisting of 247 AGNs over the wide flux range of 10^{-10} - 3.8*10^{-15} erg cm^-2 s^-1 (2-10 keV). For our purpose, we develop an extensive method of calculating the intrinsic (before-absorption) HXLF and the absorption (N_H) function. This utilizes the maximum likelihood method fully correcting for observational biases with consideration of the X-ray spectrum of each source. We find that (i) the fraction of X-ray absorbed AGNs decreases with the intrinsic luminosity and (ii) the evolution of the HXLF of all AGNs (including both type-I and type-II AGNs) is best described with a luminosity dependent density evolution (LDDE) where the cutoff redshift increases with the luminosity. Our results directly constrain the evolution of AGNs that produce a major part of the hard X-ray background, thus solving its origin quantitatively. A combination of the HXLF and the NH function enables us to construct a purely "observation based" population synthesis model. We present basic consequences of this model, and discuss the contribution of Compton-thick AGNs to the rest of the hard X-ray background.

62 pages, 26 figures (13 colour figures included). Accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor corrections. References are updated

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• Comparison of the X-ray emission from Tidal Disruption Events with those of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Galaxy Mergers at z>1 in the HUDF: Evidence for a Peak in the Major Merger Rate of Massive Galaxies
• Constraining the UV emissivity of AGN throughout cosmic time via X-ray surveys
• Occupation of X-ray selected galaxy groups by X-ray AGN
• Circumscribing Late Dark Matter Decays Model Independently
• First Measurement of a Rapid Increase in the AGN Fraction in High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies
• Revealing X-ray obscured quasars in SWIRE sources with extreme mid-IR/optical flux ratios
• High-Redshift QSOs in the SWIRE Survey and the z~3 QSO Luminosity Function
• Heavily Obscured AGN in Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2
• NuSTAR Reveals Extreme Absorption in z < 0.5 Type 2 Quasars
• The luminosity-dependent high-redshift turnover in the steep spectrum radio luminosity function: clear evidence for downsizing in the radio-AGN population
• Near-Infrared Reverberation by Dusty Clumpy Tori in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Assessing the redshift evolution of massive black holes and their hosts
• Towards a Complete Census of AGNs in Nearby Galaxies: The Incidence of Growing Black Holes
• Obscuring Fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications from Radiation-driven Fountain Models
• The [OIII] emission line luminosity function of optically selected type-2 AGN from zCOSMOS
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: Overview and Catalog from the COSMOS Field
• Co-moving space density of X-ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• The XMM-Newton survey of the ELAIS-S1 field. I: Number counts, angular correlation function and X-ray spectral properties
• Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies
• The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosity Function at $z\sim 5$ from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Radio-Quiet Quasars in the VIDEO Survey: Evidence for AGN-powered radio emission at S_1.4GHz < 1 mJy
• Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations II: the AGN population and predictions for upcoming X-ray missions
• Quasars: What turns them off?
• The Chandra-COSMOS survey IV: X-ray spectra of the bright sample
• Galaxy Zoo: Are Bars Responsible for the Feeding of Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.2 < z < 1.0?
• Active Galactic Nucleus Pairs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Evidence for Tidally Enhanced Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion
• The redshift-dependence of gamma-ray absorption in the environments of strong-line AGN
• The X-ray Properties of Early-Type Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South
• Toward determining the number of observable supermassive black hole shadows
• Do We Expect Most AGN to Live in Disks?
• A Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: I. Preliminary Results from the Co-added Catalog
• Lifting the Veil on Obscured Accretion: Active Galactic Nuclei Number Counts and Survey Strategies for Imaging Hard X-ray Missions
• The importance of galaxy interactions in triggering type II quasar activity
• Low accretion rates at the AGN cosmic downsizing epoch
• The evolution of submillimetre galaxies: two populations and a redshift cut-off
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The $M_{bh}$--$L_{spheroid}$ derived supermassive black hole mass function
• X-ray nuclear activity in S4G barred galaxies: No link between bar strength and co-occurrent supermassive black hole fueling
• Multi-wavelength properties of Type 1 and Type 2 AGN Host Galaxies in the Chandra-COSMOS Legacy Survey
• On the Radio and Optical Luminosity Evolution of Quasars
• Are Most Low-Luminosity AGN Really Obscured?
• NuSTAR Observations of Heavily Obscured Quasars at z ~ 0.5
• Toward precise constraints on growth of massive black holes
• A Comparison of X-ray and Mid-Infrared Selection of Obscured AGN
• PRIMUS + DEEP2: Clustering of X-ray, Radio and IR-AGN at z~0.7
• Mid-infrared spectra of optically selected type 2 quasars
• Finding Rare AGN: XMM-Newton and Chandra Observations of SDSS Stripe 82
• A novel approach in the WIMP quest: Cross-Correlation of Gamma-Ray Anisotropies and Cosmic Shear
• Probing the Dark Ages with the Square Kilometer Array
• The effect of stellar feedback and quasar winds on the AGN population
• Infrared Selection of Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field
• Evidence that the AGN dominates the radio emission in z ~ 1 radio-quiet quasars
• Do Circumnuclear Dense Gas Disks Drive Mass Accretion onto Supermassive Black Holes?
• Observational constraints on the spin of the most massive black holes from radio observations
• Spectroscopic Identification of Type 2 Quasars at Z < 1 in SDSS-III/BOSS
• X-ray emission from high-redshift miniquasars: self-regulating the population of massive black holes through global warming
• Obscuring Active Galactic Nuclei with Nuclear Starburst Disks
• Exploring the active galactic nucleus and starburst content of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies through 5-8 micron spectroscopy
• The OPTX Project II: Hard X-ray Luminosity Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei for z<5
• Dependence of the BALQSO fraction on Radio Luminosity
• Properties of star-forming galaxies in a cluster and its surrounding structure at z=1.46
• Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density
• The distribution of AGN in a large sample of galaxy clusters
• The growth of the nuclear black holes in submillimeter galaxies
• Reverberation Measurements of the Inner Radii of the Dust Tori in Quasars
• Clustering properties of moderate luminosity X-ray selected Type 1 and Type 2 AGN at z~3
• On the cosmic evolution of AGN obscuration and the X-ray luminosity function: XMM-Newton and Chandra spectral analysis of the 31.3 deg${}^2$ Stripe 82X
• A Tale of Two Populations: The Contribution of Merger and Secular Processes to the Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN evolution from a galaxy evolution viewpoint
• The Cosmic MeV Gamma-ray Background and Hard X-ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for the Origin of Hot AGN Coronae
• AGN contamination of galaxy-cluster thermal X-ray emission: predictions for eRosita from cosmological simulations
• BASS XXXVII: The role of radiative feedback in the growth and obscuration properties of nearby supermassive black holes
• On the X-ray Baldwin effect for narrow Fe Kalpha emission line
• The Chandra Deep Field South/GOODS survey. Optically faint X-ray sources
• New observational Constraints on the Growth of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Bimodality in Damped Lyman alpha Systems
• An infrared-radio simulation of the extragalactic sky: from the Square Kilometer Array to Herschel
• X-ray spectra of XMM-Newton serendipitous medium flux sources
• Broadband study of hard X-ray selected absorbed AGN
• The evolution of SMBH spin and AGN luminosities for $z<6$ within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• The rapid evolution of AGN feedback in brightest cluster galaxies: switching from quasar-mode to radio-mode feedback
• Optical Line Diagnostics of z~2 Optically Faint ULIRGs in the Spitzer Bootes Survey
• Luminosity Functions of Local Infrared Galaxies with AKARI: Implications to the Cosmic Star Formation History and AGN Evolution
• The Host Galaxies and Black Holes of Typical z~0.5-1.4 AGN
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: First Direct Measurements of the >10 keV X-Ray Luminosity Function for Active Galactic Nuclei at z>0.1
• Resolving Cosmic Gamma Ray Anomalies with Dark Matter Decaying Now
• The 5 - 10 keV AGN luminosity function at 0.01<z<4.0
• Contribution of Stellar Tidal Disruptions to the X-Ray Luminosity Function of Active Galaxies
• PRIMUS: An observationally motivated model to connect the evolution of the AGN and galaxy populations out to z~1
• Black hole mass and Eddington ratio distribution functions of X-ray selected broad-line AGNs at z~1.4 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Field
• The TeV Diffuse Cosmic Neutrino Spectrum and the Nature of Astrophysical Neutrino Sources
• A new infrared color criterion for the selection of 0<z<7 AGN: application to deep fields and implications for JWST surveys
• Dark Matter Annihilation: the origin of cosmic gamma-ray background at 1-20 MeV
• Does the obscured AGN fraction really depend on luminosity?
• The Contribution of Blazars to the Extragalactic Diffuse Gamma-ray Background and Their Future Spatial Resolution
• Radiation-driven outflows from and radiative support in dusty tori of active galactic nuclei
• Hyper-luminous Dust Obscured Galaxies discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru and WISE
• Cumulative hard X-ray spectrum of local AGN: a link to the cosmic X-ray background
• Searching for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei at z~0.1
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the mid-IR. Evolution and Contribution to the Cosmic Infrared Background
• A Flexible Method of Estimating Luminosity Functions
• Suzaku Observations of Moderately Obscured (Compton-thin) Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Survey
• On the Radio and Optical Luminosity Evolution of Quasars II - The SDSS Sample
• Confirmation of a correlation between the X-ray luminosity and spectral slope of AGNs in the Chandra Deep Fields
• The distribution of absorption in AGN detected in the XMM-Newton observations of the CDFS
• The Hard X-ray 20-40 keV AGN Luminosity Function
• Quasar UV luminosity function evolution up to z=8
• Probing the faint end of the quasar luminosity function at z ~ 4 in the COSMOS field
• The redshift evolution of major merger triggering of luminous AGN: a slight enhancement at z$\sim$2
• Spatial Correlation Function of the Chandra Selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): Identification of AGN through SED Fitting and the Evolution of the Bolometric AGN Luminosity Function
• The Main Sequences of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei at High Redshift
• The Evolution and Eddington Ratio Distribution of Compton Thick Active Galactic Nuclei
• The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field: V. Angular Clustering of the X-ray Point Sources
• Herschel Far-Infrared Photometry of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope Active Galactic Nuclei Sample of the Local Universe. I. PACS Observations
• Why the fundamental plane of black hole activity is not simply a distance driven artifact
• The X-ray luminosity function and number counts of spiral galaxies
• A Serendipitous XMM Survey of the SDSS: the evolution of the colour-magnitude diagram of X-ray AGN from z=0.8 to z=0.1
• The Radio Properties of Type 2 Quasars
• Evidence for an intermediate line region in AGN's inner torus region and its evolution from narrow to broad line Seyfert I galaxies
• On the faint end of the high redshift AGN luminosity function
• Growth of massive black holes by super-Eddington accretion
• Luminosity-dependent unification of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Baldwin effect
• Black Hole Masses of Intermediate-Redshift Quasars: Near Infrared Spectroscopy
• The migration of nearby spirals from the blue to red sequence: AGN feedback or environmental effects?
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: the faint type-1 AGN sample
• Cosmological Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes. II. Evidence for Downsizing of Spin Evolution
• Nature and evolution of powerful radio galaxies and their link with the quasar luminosity function
• The spatial clustering of ROSAT All-Sky Survey Active Galactic Nuclei IV. More massive black holes reside in more massive dark matter halos
• The Building Up of the Black Hole Mass - Stellar Mass Relation
• Tomographic-spectral approach for dark matter detection in the cross-correlation between cosmic shear and diffuse gamma-ray emission
• Models of the Contribution of Blazars to the Anisotropy of the Extragalactic Diffuse Gamma-ray Background
• Constraining the supermassive black holes evolution through the continuity equation
• The MicroJansky Radio Galaxy Population
• Spectral Statistics and Local Luminosity Function of a Hard X-ray Complete Sample of Brightest AGNs
• Can winds driven by active galactic nuclei account for the extragalactic gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds?
• Tracing the evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei host galaxies over the last 9 Gyrs of Cosmic time
• Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- V. AGN luminosity functions and helium reionization at z = 2-7
• Testing Lorentz Invariance with Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum
• The transverse proximity effect in spectral hardness on the line of sight towards HE 2347-4342
• Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGN: II. On the measurement of the BH mass of type 2 AGN and the unified model
• The fraction of AGN in major merger galaxies and its luminosity dependence
• Color Distributions, Number and Mass Densities of Massive Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3: Comparing Observations with Merger Simulations
• Determining Quasar Black Hole Mass Functions from their Broad Emission Lines: Application to the Bright Quasar Survey
• Post-starburst--AGN Connection: Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy of Hdelta-Strong AGNs
• Decomposing Star Formation and Active Galactic Nucleus with Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectra: Luminosity Functions and Co-Evolution
• Observational constraints on the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies
• How does the Polar Dust affect the Correlation between Dust Covering Factor and Eddington Ratio in Type 1 Quasars Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16?
• Spectrum of the unresolved cosmic X ray background: what is unresolved 50 years after its discovery
• Diffuse MeV Gamma-rays and Galactic 511 keV Line from Decaying WIMP Dark Matter
• ALMA Twenty-six arcmin${}^2$ Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): X-ray AGN Properties of Millimeter-Selected Galaxies
• The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey IV. The AXIS X-ray source counts and angular clustering
• Dusty torus formation by anisotropic radiative pressure feedback of active galactic nuclei
• Current and Future Constraints on Dark Matter from Prompt and Inverse-Compton Photon Emission in the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-ray Background
• Constraints on the Accretion History of Massive Black Holes from Faint X-ray Counts
• Tools for computing the AGN feedback: radio-loudness distribution and the kinetic luminosity function
• Balancing the Cosmic Energy Budget: The Cosmic X-ray Background, Blazars and the Compton Thick AGN Fraction
• The Deep SWIRE Field. IV. First properties of the sub-mJy galaxy population: redshift distribution, AGN activity and star formation
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line and the molecular torus in active galactic nuclei - an IR/X-ray view
• An Evolutionary Model For Submillimeter Galaxies
• NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey
• Determining the torus covering factors for a sample of type 1 AGN in the local Universe
• Cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes. I. mass function at 0<z<2
• Does the AGN Unified Model Evolve with Redshift? Utilizing the X-ray Background to Predict the Mid-Infrared Emission of AGN
• Variability-selected active galactic nuclei from supernova search in the Chandra deep field south
• Delayed triggering of radio Active Galactic Nuclei in gas-rich minor mergers in the local Universe
• Characterising the Far-infrared Properties of Distant X-ray Detected AGNs: Evidence for Evolution in the Infrared--X-ray Luminosity Ratio
• The XXL Survey: VI. The 1000 brightest X-ray point sources
• Angular power spectrum of gamma-ray sources for GLAST: blazars and clusters of galaxies
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Galaxy Pair Fraction and Correlated Active Galactic Nuclei
• X-Ray Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei and Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• The Host Galaxies of X-ray Quasars Are Not Strong Star Formers
• Population synthesis in astrophysics
• Faint-end Quasar Luminosity Functions from Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
• The Chandra X-ray point source catalog in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey fields
• Obscured and unobscured AGN populations in a hard-X-ray selected sample of the XMDS survey
• Eddington ratio Distribution of X-ray selected broad-line AGNs at 1.0<z<2.2
• X-ray bright active galactic nuclei in massive galaxy clusters III: New insights into the triggering mechanisms of cluster AGN
• The Impact of Energy Feedback on Quasar Evolution and Black Hole Demographics
• Black Hole Mass Estimates and Rapid Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Luminous $z\sim$ 3.5 Quasars
• X-ray Constraints on the AGN Properties in Spitzer-IRS identified z~2 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Spectral shape of the UV ionizing background and HeII absorption at redshifts 1.8 < z < 2.9
• Faint progenitors of luminous $z\sim 6$ quasars: why don't we see them?
• An Investigation into the Effects of Luminosity on the Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of Radio-Quiet Quasars
• Scattered X-rays in Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei and their Implications for Geometrical Structure and Evolution
• The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey (ELQS) in the SDSS footprint I.: Infrared Based Candidate Selection
• Contribution of the accretion disk, hot corona, and obscuring torus to the luminosity of Seyfert galaxies: INTEGRAL and Spitzer observations
• Chandra survey in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field. I. X-ray data, point-like source catalog, sensitivity maps, and number counts
• Low redshift AGN in the Hamburg/ESO Survey: I. The local AGN luminosity function
• The MOSDEF survey: the prevalence and properties of galaxy-wide AGN-driven outflows at $z\sim 2$
• X-ray constraints on the fraction of obscured AGN at high accretion luminosities
• AGN and their host galaxies in the local Universe: two mass independent Eddington ratio distribution functions characterize black hole growth
• Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei (I): Spectral Analysis of Six AGNs and Evidence for Two Types of Obscured Population
• The high-redshift (z>3) AGN population in the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South
• Study of Swift/BAT Selected Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with Suzaku
• Intrinsic AGN SED & black hole growth in the Palomar--Green quasars
• Hubble Space Telescope Identification of the Optical Counterparts of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in M51
• XZ: Deriving redshifts from X-ray spectra of obscured AGN
• Galaxy-scale Bars in Late-type Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxies Do Not Influence the Average Accretion Rates of Supermassive Black Holes
• Feedback-Driven Evolution of the Far-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey: the z>3 sample
• Deconstructing NGC 7130
• The XMM Large Scale Structure Survey: Properties and Two-Point Angular Correlations of Point-like Sources
• Type 2 AGN host galaxies in the Chandra-COSMOS Legacy Survey: No Evidence of AGN-driven Quenching
• Looking for obscured QSOs in the X-ray emitting ERO population
• Gas Accretion and Giant Lyman-alpha Nebulae
• Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos
• Supermassive Black Holes and Their Environments
• The Mid-Infrared Properties of X-ray Sources
• Constraints on light bending and reflection from the hard X-ray background
• Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: Initial Results
• Revisit of Local X-ray Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei with the MAXI Extragalactic Survey
• Herschel Far-Infrared Photometry of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope Active Galactic Nuclei Sample of the Local Universe. II. SPIRE Observations
• On the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies since z = 3
• Chandra Observations of 12 Luminous Red Quasars
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Type 1 AGN in XMM-COSMOS Survey II - Shape Evolution
• Constraints on the faint end of the quasar luminosity function at z~5 in the COSMOS field
• Cosmic gamma-ray background from Type Ia supernovae revisited: Evidence for missing gamma-rays at MeV
• Measuring AGN Feedback with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Optical identification of XMM sources in the CFHTLS
• Supermassive Black-Hole Growth Over Cosmic Time: Active Galaxy Demography, Physics, and Ecology from Chandra Surveys
• Physically motivated X-ray obscurer models
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey XXVII: Scattered X-Ray Radiation in Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Largest X-ray Selected Sample of z>3 AGNs: C-COSMOS & ChaMP
• Delving Into X-ray Obscuration of Type 2 AGN, Near and Far
• An Archival Chandra and XMM-Newton Survey of Type 2 Quasars
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: source catalog and the Compton-thick fraction in the UDS field
• Obscured GOODS AGN and Their Host Galaxies at z < 1.25: The Slow Black Hole Growth Phase
• FLASH Early Science -- Discovery of an intervening HI 21-cm absorber from an ASKAP survey of the GAMA 23 field
• Revealing the Impact of Quasar Luminosity on Giant Ly$\alpha$ Nebulae
• Giant Lobes of Centaurus A Radio Galaxy Observed with the Suzaku X-ray Satellite
• Broad Band X-Ray Spectra of Two Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei NGC 1566 and NGC 4941
• The OPTX Project IV: How Reliable is [OIII] as a Measure of AGN Activity?
• A New Sample of Buried Active Galactic Nuclei Selected from the Second XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue
• Determining the core radio luminosity function of radio AGNs via copula
• The Calan-Yale Deep Extragalactic Research (CYDER) Survey: Optical Properties and Deep Spectroscopy of Serendipitous X-ray Sources
• AGN and QSOs in the eROSITA All-Sky Survey -- Part I: Statistical properties
• Suzaku Observations of Heavily Obscured (Compton-thick) Active Galactic Nuclei selected by Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Survey
• Giant scattering cones in obscured quasars
• The Space Density of Moderate Luminosity Active Galaxies at z=3
• AEGIS: Radio and Mid-Infrared Selection of Obscured AGN Candidates
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Galaxies and AGN in the GOODS Fields
• Metals in the circumgalactic medium are out of ionization equilibrium due to fluctuating active galactic nuclei
• Can we reproduce the X-ray background spectral shape using local AGN?
• On the Lx-L6micron ratio as a diagnostic for Compton-thick AGN
• Anti-hierarchical evolution of the Active Galactic Nucleus space density in a hierarchical universe
• Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Application of Numerical Torus Models to Two Nearly Compton Thick AGNs (NGC 612 and NGC 3081)
• NuSTAR J033202-2746.8: direct constraints on the Compton reflection in a heavily obscured quasar at z~2
• AEGIS: A Multi-wavelength Study of Spitzer Power-law Galaxies
• Can the unresolved X-ray background be explained by emission from the optically-detected faint galaxies of the GOODS project?
• High-precision multi-band measurements of the angular clustering of X-ray sources
• Wide-Field Chandra X-Ray Observations of AGN in Abell 85 & Abell 754
• High redshift AGNs and HI reionisation: limits from the unresolved X-ray background
• X-ray binary accretion states in Active Galactic Nuclei? Sensing the accretion disc of supermassive black holes with mid-infrared nebular lines
• The dusty tori of nearby QSOs as constrained by high-resolution mid-IR observations
• Cosmological Lower Bound on Dark Matter Masses from the Soft Gamma-ray Background
• A deep INTEGRAL hard X-ray survey of the 3C 273/Coma region
• Constraining AGN Feedback in Massive Ellipticals with South Pole Telescope Measurements of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• The Clustering of XMM-Newton Hard X-ray Sources
• Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Dusty Galaxies with RADISHE. I. Predictions for Herschel: Correlating Colors with Galactic Energy Sources
• The New Numerical Galaxy Catalogue (ν^2 GC): Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Host Galaxies
• Local AGN Survey (LASr): I. Galaxy sample, infrared colour selection and predictions for AGN within 100 Mpc
• Bayesian constraints on the astrophysical neutrino source population from IceCube data
• A Catalog of Host Galaxies for WISE-Selected AGN: Connecting Host Properties with Nuclear Activity and Identifying Contaminants
• Identifying high redshift AGNs using X-ray hardness
• The average 0.5-200 keV spectrum of local active galactic nuclei and a new determination of the 2-10 keV luminosity function at z \approx 0
• Evolution of active galactic nuclei
• The cosmic evolution of massive black holes and galaxy spheroids: global constraints at redshift z<~1.2
• The Concerted Impact of Galaxies and QSOs on the Ionization and Thermal State of the Intergalactic Medium
• The cosmological consequence of an obscured AGN population on the radiation efficiency
• The origin of the cosmic gamma-ray background in the MeV range
• Faint radio-loud quasars: clues to their evolution
• The X-ray luminosity function of AGN at z~3
• The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) VIII.: Multi-wavelength Identification, Optical/NIR Spectroscopic Properties, and Photometric Redshifts of X-ray Sources
• Early Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations: Luminosity Functions and Clustering Behaviour
• A Quasar-Galaxy Mixing Diagram: Quasar Spectral Energy Distribution Shapes in the Optical to Near-Infrared
• The column density distribution of hard X-ray radio galaxies
• The role of the Gamma-Eddington ratio relation on the X-ray Baldwin effect in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The demographics of obscured AGN from X-ray spectroscopy guided by multiwavelength information
• The galaxy luminosity function and its evolution with Chandra
• Chandra and Spitzer observations of CDFS X-ray obscured QSOs
• Observing Supermassive Black Holes across cosmic time: from phenomenology to physics
• MHD Disc Winds and Linewidth Distributions
• The Number Density of Intermediate and High Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at z~2-3
• Radiation pressure, absorption and AGN feedback in the Chandra Deep Fields
• The deep look onto the hard X-ray sky: The Swift - INTEGRAL X-ray (SIX) survey
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: How Galaxy Interactions Influence Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Deep Chandra Survey of the Groth Strip - II. optical identification of the X-ray sources
• New Method for Exploring Super-Eddington AGNs by Near-infrared Observations
• Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGN: I. Near infrared observations and spectral fitting
• Deep U-B-V imaging of the Lockman Hole with the LBT. Observations and number counts
• Supermassive Black Hole Mass Functions at Intermediate Redshifts from Spheroid and AGN Luminosity Functions
• Evidence of a link between the evolution of clusters and their AGN fraction
• On R-W1 as A Diagnostic to Discover Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in Wide-Area X-ray Surveys
• "Little red dots" cannot reside in the same dark matter halos as comparably luminous unobscured quasars
• The connection between star formation and supermassive Black Hole activity in the local Universe
• Eddington ratio and accretion efficiency in AGN evolution
• The OPTX Project III: X-ray versus Optical Spectral Type for AGNs
• Probing the Structure and Evolution of BASS AGN through Eddington Ratios
• Optical colours of AGN in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Obscured black holes in early type galaxies
• Comoving Space Density and Obscured Fraction of High-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei in the Subaru/{\it XMM-Newton} Deep Survey
• Tracing the Nuclear Accretion History of the Red Galaxy Population
• Low-power Radio Galaxies in the Distant Universe: A search for FRI at 1<z<2 in the COSMOS field
• Disk Assembly and the M_BH-sigma Relation of Supermassive Black Holes
• Testing Models of the Individual and Cosmological Evolutions of Powerful Radio Galaxies
• X-ray colour-colour selection for heavily absorbed AGN
• The 2-10 keV unabsorbed luminosity function of AGN from the XMM-Newton LSS, CDFS and COSMOS surveys
• XMM-Newton Surveys of the Canada-France Redshift Survey Fields - III: The Environments of X-ray Selected AGN at 0.4<z<0.6
• The emergence of diffused Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows from the disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey: Average broad-band X-ray spectral properties of the NuSTAR detected AGN
• Measuring the level of nuclear activity in Seyfert galaxies and the unification scheme
• Cosmological evolution of the Fanaroff-Riley type II source population
• Spectral Energy Distribution of Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: Testing the Accretion Model for Low-luminosity AGNs
• Testing Models of Radio Galaxy Evolution and the Cosmological Impact of FR II Radio Galaxies
• GRB 191019A: a short gamma-ray burst in disguise from the disk of an active galactic nucleus
• Modeling the QSO luminosity and spatial clustering at low redshifts
• A model for the X-ray absorption in Compton--thin AGN
• Statistical study of a large and cleaned sample of ultraluminous and hyperluminous X-ray sources
• X-ray redshifts for obscured AGN: a case study in the J1030 deep field
• Obscuring fraction of active galactic nuclei implied by supernova and radiative feedbacks
• Quasar-Galaxy Clustering through Projected Galaxy Counts at z=0.6-1.2
• Why Optically--Faint AGN Are Faint: The Spitzer Perspective
• On the Contribution of AGN to the Cosmic Background Radiation
• Suzaku Observations of the Outskirts of the Galaxy Cluster Abell 3395 including a Filament toward Abell 3391
• Near Infrared Spectra and Intrinsic Luminosities of Candidate Type II Quasars at 2 < z < 3.4
• Spectroscopic identifications of Spitzer sources in the SWIRE/XMM-NEWTON/ELAIS-S1 field: a large fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei with high F(24micron)/F(R) ratio
• The WISSH quasars project XI. The mean Spectral Energy Distribution and Bolometric Corrections of the most luminous quasars
• Probing the Cosmic X-ray and MeV Gamma-ray Background Radiation through the Anisotropy
• Unobscured QSO2: A New Class of Objects?
• Where are Compton-thick radio galaxies? A hard X-ray view of three candidates
• The Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei in Warm Dark Matter Cosmology
• Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in "Non-merging'' Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
• Suzaku observations of the type 2 QSO in the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• The Cosmic History of Black Hole Growth from Deep Multiwavelength Surveys
• Prospects for Very High Energy Blazar Survey by the Next Generation Cherenkov Telescopes
• The HELLAS2XMM survey. IX. Spectroscopic identification of super-EROs hosting AGNs
• The XMM-Newton survey of the ELAIS-S1 field II: optical identifications and multiwavelength catalogue of X-ray sources
• New deep XMM-Newton observations to the west of the sigma Orionis cluster
• Gravitational-wave background from compact objects embedded in AGN accretion disks
• Accretion History of AGN II: Constraints on AGN Spectral Parameters using the Cosmic X-ray Background
• X-ray selected Infrared Excess AGN in the Chandra Deep Fields: a moderate fraction of Compton-thick sources
• Chandra Observations of Red Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasars
• Host Galaxies of the High-redshift AGNs in the GOODS Fields
• AGN X-ray luminosity function and absorption function in the Early Universe ($3\le z\le 6$)
• Optical and infrared properties of active galactic nuclei in the Lockman Hole
• Heavy absorption and soft X-ray emission lines in the XMM-Newton spectrum of the Type 2 radio-loud quasar 3C 234
• The large-scale bias of the hard X-ray background
• Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei. V. Torus Structure of Two Luminous Radio-loud AGNs (3C 206 and PKS 0707-35)
• The neutrino background from non-jetted active galactic nuclei
• Evidence for X-ray Obscuration in Type II Quasar Candidates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Searching For Fossil Evidence of AGN Feedback in WISE-Selected Stripe-82 Galaxies By Measuring the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
• Constraints on radiatively inefficient accretion history of active galactic nuclei from hard cosmological X-ray background
• AGN dust tori: the X-ray-infrared connection
• A Joint Model of the X-ray And Infrared Extragalactic Backgrounds: I. Model Construction And First Results
• INTEGRAL view of AGN
• The Cosmological History of Accretion onto Dark Halos and Supermassive Black Holes
• A Single Intrinsic Luminosity Function for Both Type-I and Type-II Active Galactic Nuclei
• New nearby AGNs from all sky surveys of INTEGRAL and RXTE observatories
• NuSTAR and Keck Observations of Heavily Obscured Quasars Selected by WISE
• The Obscured Fraction of Quasars at Cosmic Noon
• AGN accretion and black hole growth across compact and extended galaxy evolution phases
• Searching for luminous absorbed sources in the WISE AGN catalogue
• The XMM-Newton deep survey in the CDF-S VI. Obscured AGN selected as infrared power-law galaxies
• A simple model for the evolution of super-massive black holes and the quasar population
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) - VI. Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by Optical Variability
• Galaxy Clusters in the IRAC Dark Field II: Mid-IR Sources
• Is the dependence of spectral index on luminosity real in optically selected AGN samples?
• Mapping the ionised gas around the luminous QSO HE 1029-1401: Evidence for minor merger events?
• X-ray properties of NGC 300 I. Global properties of X-ray point sources and their optical counterparts
• Near-Infrared Colors of Hard X-ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• High energy emission component, population, and contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray background of gamma-ray emitting radio galaxies
• The high-ionization IR fine-structure lines as bolometric indicators of the AGN power: study of the complete 12 micron AGN sample
• X-ray Properties of Radio-Selected Dual Active Galactic Nuclei
• Cosmological Evolution of Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods
• The AGN Population in X-ray Selected Galaxy Groups at $0.5<z<1.1$
• PKSB1740-517: An ALMA view of the cold gas feeding a distant interacting young radio galaxy
• Mildly obscured active galaxies and the cosmic X-ray background
• A thin diffuse component of the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission and heating of the interstellar medium contributed by the radiation of Galactic X-ray binaries
• An X-ray bright ERO hosting a type 2 QSO
• The XMM Deep survey in the CDFS V. Iron K lines from active galactic nuclei in the distant Universe
• Astrophysical interpretation of the anisotropies in the unresolved gamma-ray background
• Accretion History of AGN III: Radiative Efficiency and AGN Contribution to Reionization
• Constraints on the distribution of absorption in the X-ray selected AGN population found in the 13H XMM-Newton/Chandra deep field
• Large-scale variations of the cosmic X-ray background and the X-ray emissivity of the local Universe
• Discovery of a single faint AGN in a large sample of z>5 Lyman break galaxies
• Evolutionary Consequences of Dusty Tori in Active Galactic Nuclei
• A practical guide to the massive black hole cosmic history
• Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signals from Accretion Disk Coronae of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Relativistic accretion disk reflection in AGN X-ray spectra at z=0.5--4: a study of four \textit{Chandra} deep fields
• Constraining the epoch of reionization from the observed properties of the high-z Universe
• Predictions of Quasar Clustering: Redshift, Luminosity and Selection Dependence
• Broadband X-ray spectrum of GRS 1734-292, a luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy behind the Galactic Center
• No evidence of "gray" dust from composite quasar spectra
• The discovery of a type-II quasar at z = 1.65 with integral-field spectroscopy
• The XXL Survey XIX. A realistic population of simulated X-ray AGN: Comparison of models with observations
• Prospects for future very high-energy gamma-ray sky survey: impact of secondary gamma rays
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XIII. The nature of the most luminous obscured AGN in the low-redshift universe
• The formation of bulges and black holes: lessons from a census of active galaxies in the SDSS
• Cosmological Tests with the FSRQ Gamma-ray Luminosity Function
• Cosmological growth and feedback from supermassive black holes
• The Effect of Partial Obscuration on the Luminosity Dependence of the Obscured Fraction in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Physical properties of AGN host galaxies as a probe of SMBH feeding mechanisms
• Bounds on the origin of extragalactic ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from the IceCube neutrino observations
• Obscuration of Active Galactic Nuclei by Circumnuclear Starbursts
• Early Science Result from the Japanese Virtual Observatory: AGN and Galaxy Clustering at z = 0.3 to 3.0
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation -- XVIII. The high-redshift evolution of black holes and their host galaxies
• The effects of Time-Variable Absorption due to Gamma-Ray Bursts In Active Galactic Nuclei Accretion Disks
• X-ray analysis of SDSS J165202.60+172852.4, an obscured quasar with outflows at peak galaxy formation epoch
• Growth of massive black holes during radiatively inefficient accretion phases
• Mass Function of Binary Massive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
• A Multi-Wavelength Study of Low Redshift Clusters of Galaxies I. Comparison of X-ray and Mid-Infrared Selected AGNs
• Dust and gas obscuration in ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey reddened quasars
• Can observations of 511 keV line from the M31 galaxy shed light on the AGN jet composition?
• On The Dark Side of Quasar Evolution
• Red AGN in XMM-Newton/SDSS fields
• Modeling active galactic nuclei: ongoing problems for the faint-end of the luminosity function
• On the radio properties of the highest redshift quasars
• Forward modeling the multiwavelength properties of Active Galactic Nuclei: application to X-ray and WISE mid-infrared samples
• A Novel Method to Identify AGNs Based on Emission Line Excess and the Nature of Low-luminosity AGNs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: II - Nature of Low-luminosity AGNs
• The Contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei to the Microjansky Radio Population
• A physical model for the origin of the diffuse cosmic infrared background
• Multiwavelength Properties of the X-ray Sources in the Groth-Westphal Strip Field
• The dependency of AGN infrared color-selection on source luminosity and obscuration: An observational perspective in CDFS and COSMOS
• XMM-Newton Surveys of the Canada-France Redshift Survey Fields - II: The X-ray Catalogues, the Properties of the Host Galaxies, and the Redshift Distribution
• Searching for the most distant blazars with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• The X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution of Quasars and the Correlation Between the X-ray and Ultraviolet Luminosities
• The growth of supermassive black holes fed by accretion disks
• A Discovery of Rapid Optical Flares from Low-Luminosity Active Nuclei in Massive Galaxies
• Revisiting the Completeness and the Luminosity Function in High-Redshift Low-Luminosity Quasar Surveys
• Time Structure of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Sources and Consequences for Multi-messenger Signatures
• Similar phenomena at different scales: Black Holes, the Sun, Gamma-ray Bursts, Supernovae, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
• Neural-network selection of high-redshift radio quasars, and the luminosity function at z~4
• A flexible method for estimating luminosity functions via Kernel Density Estimation
• Evolution of luminosity function and obscuration of AGN: connecting X-ray and Infrared
• Linking X-ray AGN with dark matter halos: a model compatible with AGN luminosity function and large-scale clustering properties
• The composite nature of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) at z~2-3 in the COSMOS field: II. The AGN fraction
• AGN in the CALIFA survey: X-ray detection of nuclear sources
• Coronal Properties of Low-Accreting AGNs using Swift, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Observations
• Magnetohydrodynamic DiscWinds and LineWidth Distributions.II
• The Star Formation and Nuclear Accretion Histories of Normal Galaxies in the AGES Survey
• Properties of Galaxies around AGNs with Most Massive Supermassive Black Hole Revealed by the Clustering Analysis
• The Intrinsic Quasar Luminosity Function: Accounting for Accretion Disk Anisotropy
• Suzaku Follow-up of Heavily Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei Detected in Swift/BAT Survey: NGC 1106, UGC 03752, and NGC 2788A
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): the hard X-ray selected sample
• Can photo-ionization explain the decreasing fraction of X-ray obscured AGN with luminosity?
• On the fraction of X-ray obscured quasars in the local universe
• Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background in 3-20keV with Straylight from NuSTAR
• Insights Into AGN and Host Galaxy Co-evolution From Hard X-ray Emission
• Role of Feedback in AGN-HOST Coevolution: A Study from Partially Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• Type 1 Active Galactic Nucleus Fraction in SDSS/FIRST Survey
• AGN jets versus accretion as reionization sources
• Characterization of AGN and their hosts in the Extended Groth Strip: a multiwavelength analysis
• Modeling X-ray Emission Around Galaxies
• Most hard X-ray selected quasars in Chandra Deep Fields are obscured
• Constraining Torus Models for AGNs Using X-Ray Observations
• On the Evolution of High-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei
• Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in the local Universe
• The Impact of Dust in Host Galaxies on Quasar Luminosity Functions
• Extragalactic Surveys: AGN physics and evolution
• The Distribution and Cosmic Density of Relativistic Iron Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Accretion onto supermassive and intermediate mass black holes in cosmological simulations
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Quasars at z~3 and Estimates of Their Supermassive Black Hole Masses
• High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Espresso-Reaccelerated Ions in Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The role of mergers and gas accretion in black hole growth and galaxy evolution
• Ongoing Star Formation In AGN Host Galaxy Disks: A View From Core-collapse Supernovae
• Hard X-ray properties of radio-selected blazars
• The Impact of the Dusty Torus on Obscured Quasar Halo Mass Measurements
• On the Mean Radiative Efficiency of Accreting Massive Black Holes in AGNs And QSOs
• Co-evolution of supermassive black holes with galaxies from semi-analytic model: stochastic gravitational wave background and black hole clustering
• Gamma-rays from kilonovae and the cosmic gamma-ray background
• Constraints on radiatively inefficient accretion history from Eddington ratio distribution of active galactic nuclei
• Fundamental properties of Fanaroff-Riley II radio galaxies investigated via Monte Carlo simulations
• The Young, the Old, and the Dusty: Stellar Populations of AGN Hosts
• Probing the roles of orientation and multi-scale gas distributions in shaping the obscuration of Active Galactic Nuclei through cosmic time
• The density and masses of obscured Black Holes
• Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in the High-z Universe : Do Lyman-Break Galaxies Have Supermassive Black Holes?
• Growth of massive black holes at their late stage
• When did round disk galaxies form?
• Clustering, Cosmology and a New Era of Black Hole Demographics -- I. The Conditional Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evolution of supermassive black holes
• Properties and Expected Number Counts of Active Galactic Nuclei and their Hosts in the Far Infrared
• Are Active Galactic Nuclei the Solution to the Excess Cosmic Radio Background at 1.4 GHz?
• Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys
• The Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey (ExSeSS) -- I. Survey definition and measurements of the X-ray number counts
• Relationship between Gamma-ray loudness and X-ray spectra of Radio Galaxies
• SkyMapper colours of Seyfert galaxies and Changing-Look AGN
• The X-ray Zurich Environmental Study (X-ZENS). I. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of AGNs in galaxies in nearby groups
• A NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Study of the Two Most Actively Star-forming Green Pea Galaxies (SDSS J0749+3337 and SDSS J0822+2241)
• Rapidly spinning massive black holes in active galactic nuclei: evidence from the black hole mass function
• The Shape of the Cosmic X-ray Background: Nuclear Starburst Discs and the Redshift Evolution of AGN Obscuration
• Chandra Observations of Six QSOs at z $\approx$ 3
• High Energy Neutrino Astronomy
• About the measurements of the hard X-ray background
• Infrared spectroscopic confirmation of z~2 photometrically-selected obscured quasars
• UV-FIR SED modeling of AGN in IR-luminous galaxies up to z~2.5: Understanding the effects of torus models
• Radio stacking reveals evidence for star formation in the host galaxies of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei at z<1
• An Optically Faint Quasar Survey at z~5 in the CFHTLS Wide Field: Estimates of the Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios
• Host Galaxies of Hard X-ray Selected Type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei at Intermediate Redshifts
• On the Structure of the AGN Torus through the Fraction of Optically-Selected Type 1 AGNs
• The near-infrared SED of blue quasars: what drives the evolution of the dusty torus?
• Mass-dependent evolution of the relation between supermassive black hole mass and host spheroid mass since z ~ 1
• A Peculiar Type~II QSO Identified via Broad-band Detection of Extreme Nebular Line Emission
• Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background accurately
• Detecting quasars at very high redshift with next generation X-ray telescopes
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Black Holes: Current Status and Future Prospects
• Influence of AGN Outbursts on the Surrounding Galaxies
• Accretion discs onto supermassive compact objects: a portal to dark matter physics in active galaxies
• A possible bias on the estimate of Lbol/Ledd in AGN as a function of luminosity and redshift
• Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background Radiation from Beamed and Unbeamed Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN Reverberation Mapping
• Cosmological evolution of compact AGN at 15 GHz
• Stellar and Black Hole Mass Densities as Empirical Tracers of Co-evolution Show Lock-step Growth since $z\sim 3$
• Relativistic effects on the observed AGN luminosity distribution
• Detection of Faint BLR Components in the Starburst/Seyfert Galaxy NGC 6221 and Measure of the Central BH Mass
• The optical luminosity function of LOFAR radio-selected quasars at $1.4\le z\le 5.0$ in the NDWFS-Boötes field
• Machine learning applications for the study of AGN physical properties using photometric observations
• The Complex X-ray Obscuration Environment in the Radio Loud Type 2 Quasar 3C 223
• Optical Spectroscopy of Active Galactic Nuclei in SA57
• The Integrated Relativistic Iron Line from Active Galactic Nuclei: Chasing the Spin Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
• Role of AGNs in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy phase since z ~ 3
• X-Ray Redshifts of Obscured Chandra Source Catalog AGN
• Angular fluctuations in the CXB: Is Fe 6.4 keV line tomography of the large-scale structure feasible?
• CO Line Emission from Compact Nuclear Starburst Disks Around Active Galactic Nuclei
• Optical Identification of the ASCA Lynx Deep Survey: An Association of QSOs and a Supercluster at z=1.3?
• X-ray absorption in Compton-thin AGN: the predictions of a model revisited
• "Zombie" or active? An alternative explanation to the properties of star-forming galaxies at high redshift
• The Physical Properties of Galaxies with Unusually Red Mid-Infrared Colours
• X-ray Survey Results on Active Galaxy Physics and Evolution
• X-ray view of four high-luminosity Swift/BAT AGN: Unveiling obscuration and reflection with Suzaku
• Obscuration by Gas and Dust in Luminous Quasars
• Anisotropy of Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background and Source Clustering from Supermassive Binary Black Holes Based on Cosmological Simulation
• AGN counts at 15um. XMM observations of the ELAIS-S1-5 sample
• X-ray Sources in the SSA22 Chandra Field
• Active Galactic Nuclei and their demography through cosmic time
• Newly born extragalactic millisecond pulsars as efficient emitters of PeV neutrinos
• Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods II: Population inference
• Nature of hard X-ray (3-24 keV) detected luminous infrared galaxies in the COSMOS field
• The disk-torus system in active galactic nuclei: possible evidence of highly spinning black holes
• The XMM-SSC survey of hard-spectrum XMM-Newton sources 1: optically bright sources
• Exploratory Study of Transverse Proximity Effect around BAL Quasars
• Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIV. A Candidate Type-II Quasar at z=6.1292
• Enhanced AGN Activity in Overdense Galactic Environments at $2<z<4$
• Supermassive Black Holes in Deep Multiwavelength Surveys
• X-Ray bright optically faint active galactic nuclei in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam wide survey
• Active Galactic Nuclei - the Physics of Individual Sources and the Cosmic History of Formation and Evolution
• X-ray luminosity functions of different morphological and X-ray type AGN populations
• The brightest X-ray AGNs at redshift $3\lesssim z\lesssim 6$
• Extragalactic Background Light: Measurements and Applications
• Diffuse flux of PeV neutrinos from centrifugally accelerated protons in active galactic nuclei
• Suzaku Confirms NGC~3660 is an Unabsorbed Seyfert 2
• DEIMOS Observations of WISE-Selected, Optically Obscured AGNs
• Self-consistent population synthesis of AGN from observational constraints in the X-rays
• The Drivers of the Decline in Supermassive Black Hole Growth at $z<2$
• Oxyster: A Circumgalactic Low-ionization Oxygen Nebula next to a Starburst Galaxy at $z\sim 1$
• The impact of black hole feedback on the UV luminosity and stellar mass assembly of high-redshift galaxies
• A multiwavelength study of near- and mid-infrared selected galaxies at high redshift: ERGs, AGN-identification and the contribution from dust
• AGN evolution from large and deep X-ray surveys
• SRG/eROSITA-SDSS view on the relation between X-ray and UV emission for quasars
• MIDIS: Quantifying the AGN component of X-ray-detected galaxies
• Constraining the AGN tori at cosmic noon using high-resolution JWST imaging and simultaneous SED fitting
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities
• A New Method to Determine X-ray Luminosity Functions of AGN and their Evolution with Redshift
• The properties of the obscuring material of an AGNs sample from mid-IR and X-ray simultaneous fitting
• The Gamma-ray Luminosity Function of Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars