Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background accurately

Abstract

Synthesis models of the diffuse Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) suggest that it can be resolved into discrete sources, primarily Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Measuring the CXB accurately offers a unique probe to study the AGN population in the nearby Universe. Current hard X-ray instruments suffer from the time-dependent background and cross-calibration issues. As a result, their measurements of the CXB normalization have an uncertainty of the order of $\sim$15%. In this paper, we present the concept and simulated performances of a CXB detector, which could be operated on different platforms. With a 16-U CubeSat mission running for more than two years in space, such a detector could measure the CXB normalization with $\sim$1% uncertainty.

References in corpus (58)

• Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background
• The synthesis of the cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra and XMM-Newton era
• INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational Wave Event GW170817
• The Chandra Deep Field-North Survey. XIII. 2 Ms Point-Source Catalogs
• Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
• Luminosity-dependent evolution of soft X-ray selected AGN: New Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys
• The Chandra Deep Field South: the 1 Million Second
• The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (Revised)
• First Results from the X-ray and Optical Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South
• The HELLAS2XMM survey. VII. The hard X-ray luminosity function of AGN up to z=4: more absorbed AGN at low luminosities and high redshifts
• The 105 month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey
• The Spectrum of Diffuse Cosmic Hard X-Rays Measured with HEAO-1
• The 2-8 keV cosmic X-ray background spectrum as observed with XMM-Newton
• XMM-Newton observation of the Lockman Hole; I. The X-ray Data
• Absolute measurement of the unresolved cosmic X-ray background in the 0.5-8 keV band with Chandra
• The resolved fraction of the Cosmic X-ray Background
• The evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity function of AGN
• The Space Density of Compton Thick AGN and the X-ray Background
• Obscuration-dependent evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Discrete sources as the origin of the Galactic X-ray ridge emission
• Cosmic X-ray background and Earth albedo Spectra with Swift/BAT
• Protons in near earth orbit
• INTEGRAL observations of the cosmic X-ray background in the 5-100 keV range via occultation by the Earth
• Spectral properties of 438 GRBs detected by Fermi/GBM
• Detailed Shape and Evolutionary Behavior of the X-ray Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The spectrum of the cosmic X-ray background observed by RTXE/PCA
• Near future MeV telescopes can discover asteroid-mass primordial black hole dark matter
• Hard X-ray emission from the Galactic ridge
• The fraction of Compton-thick sources in an INTEGRAL complete AGN sample
• Cosmic-Ray Background Flux Model based on a Gamma-Ray Large-Area Space Telescope Balloon Flight Engineering Model
• Compton Thick AGN in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• The cosmic X-ray background and the population of the most heavily obscured AGNs
• The Structure of the Local Hot Bubble
• INTEGRAL hard X-ray spectra of the cosmic X-ray background and Galactic ridge emission
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: The Number Counts of Active Galactic Nuclei and the Resolved Fraction of the Cosmic X-ray Background
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Compton Thick AGN at high redshift
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: Overview and Catalog from the COSMOS Field
• Insight-HXMT observations of the first binary neutron star merger GW170817
• The 2-10 keV XRB dipole and its cosmological implications
• Background simulations for the Large Area Detector onboard LOFT
• Compton Thick AGN in the 70 Month Swift-BAT All-Sky Hard X-ray Survey: a Bayesian approach
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: Initial Results and Catalog from the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
• Intensity of the cosmic X-ray backgound from HEAO1/A2 experiment
• Isotropic X-ray bound on Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter
• Estimate of the Background and Sensitivity of theFollow-up X-ray Telescope onboard Einstein Probe
• Improved Fermi-GBM GRB localizations using BALROG
• Development and science perspectives of the POLAR-2 instrument: a large scale GRB polarimeter
• The 2-10 keV unabsorbed luminosity function of AGN from the XMM-Newton LSS, CDFS and COSMOS surveys
• In-orbit Radiation Damage Characterization of SiPMs in the GRID-02 CubeSat Detector
• Revisiting the constraints on primordial black hole abundance with the isotropic gamma ray background
• A thin diffuse component of the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission and heating of the interstellar medium contributed by the radiation of Galactic X-ray binaries
• Mildly obscured active galaxies and the cosmic X-ray background
• Large-scale variations of the cosmic X-ray background and the X-ray emissivity of the local Universe
• Characterisation of a CeBr${}_3$(LB) detector for space application
• A Study of Background Conditions for Sphinx--The Satellite-Borne Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter
• Phase-resolved gamma-ray spectroscopy of the Crab pulsar observed by POLAR
• POLAR measurements of the Crab pulsar
• Suzaku Observation of Abell 1555 and Abell 1558: Searching for Non-thermal Emission from Large Scale Structure Formation

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Design and Performance of a Universal SiPM Readout System for X- and Gamma-Ray Missions