The SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: The Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Nine

Abstract

We present a new measurement of the optical Quasar Luminosity Function (QLF), using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III: Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS-III: BOSS). From the SDSS-III Data Release Nine (DR9), we select a uniform sample of 22,301 i<=21.8 quasars over an area of 2236 sq. deg with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts between 2.2<z<3.5, filling in a key part of the luminosity-redshift plane for optical quasar studies. We derive the completeness of the survey through simulated quasar photometry, and check this completeness estimate using a sample of quasars selected by their photometric variability within the BOSS footprint. We investigate the level of systematics associated with our quasar sample using the simulations, in the process generating color-redshift relations and a new quasar k-correction. We probe the faint end of the QLF to M_i(z=2.2) = -24.5 and see a clear break in the QLF at all redshifts up to z=3.5. We find that a log-linear relation (in log[Phi*] - M*) for a luminosity and density evolution (LEDE) model adequately describes our data within the range 2.2<z<3.5; across this interval the break luminosity increases by a factor of ~2.3 while Phi* declines by a factor of ~6. At z<2.2 our data is reasonably well fit by a pure luminosity evolution (PLE) model. We see only a weak signature of "AGN downsizing", in line with recent studies of the hard X-ray luminosity function. We compare our measured QLF to a number of theoretical models and find that models making a variety of assumptions about quasar triggering and halo occupation can fit our data over a wide range of redshifts and luminosities.

arXiv comment28 pages, 19 figures, 9 tables. Submitted to The ApJ. All the necessary data and code used herein will be made publicly available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr9/qlf

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• The PAU Survey: The quasar UV and Ly$\alpha$ luminosity functions at $2.7<z<5.3$
• An Extremely Bright QSO at $z=2.89$
• QSO MUSEUM III: the circumgalactic medium in Ly$\alpha$ emission around 120 $z\sim 3$ quasars covering the SDSS parameter space. Witnessing the instantaneous AGN feedback on halo scales
• Quasar Pairs as Large--Scale Structure tracers
• Serendipitous discovery of a physical binary quasar at z=1.76
• Quantitative evaluation of the hypothesis that BL Lacertae objects are QSO remnants
• A New Method to Determine X-ray Luminosity Functions of AGN and their Evolution with Redshift
• Quasar clustering at redshift 6
• SRG/eROSITA-SDSS view on the relation between X-ray and UV emission for quasars