The 1<z<5 Infrared Luminosity Function of Type I Quasars

Abstract

We determine the rest-frame 8 micron luminosity function of type I quasars over the redshift range 1<z<5. Our sample consists of 292 24 micron sources brighter than 1 mJy selected from 7.17 square degrees of the Spitzer Space Telescope MIPS survey of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes field. The AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES) has measured redshifts for 270 of the R<21.7 sources and we estimate that the contamination of the remaining 22 sources by stars and galaxies is low. We are able to select quasars missed by ultra-violet excess quasar surveys, including reddened type I quasars and 2.2<z<3.0 quasars with optical colors similar to main sequence stars. We find reddened type I quasars comprise 20% of the type I quasar population. Nonetheless, the shape, normalization, and evolution of the rest-frame 8 micron luminosity function is comparable to that of quasars selected from optical surveys. The 8 micron luminosity function of type I quasars is well approximated by a power-law with index -2.75(+/-0.14). We directly measure the peak of the quasar space density to be at z=2.6(+/-0.3).

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in the ApJ, 19 pages, 12 figures

References in corpus (20)

• A Unified Model for the Evolution of Galaxies and Quasars
• The Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background
• Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galaxies
• The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey - XII. The spectroscopic catalogue and luminosity function
• The COMBO-17 Survey: Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from 25,000 Galaxies with 0.2<z<1.2
• A Survey of z>5.7 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III: Discovery of Five Additional Quasars
• Reduction Algorithms for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer
• Spectroscopic Redshifts to z > 2 for Optically Obscured Sources Discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Colors of 2625 Quasars at 0<z<5 Measured in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System
• The evolution of faint AGN between z~1 and z~5 from the COMBO-17 survey
• The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: The z<2.1 Quasar Luminosity Function from 5645 Quasars to g=21.85
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: II. Emission-Line Luminosity Function
• The obscuration by dust of most of the growth of supermassive black holes
• The Changing AGN Population
• XBootes: An X-Ray Survey of the NDWFS Bootes Field - Paper I Overview and Initial Results
• Luminosity-Dependent Quasar Lifetimes: A New Interpretation of the Quasar Luminosity Function
• Candidate Type II Quasars from the SDSS: III. Spectropolarimetry Reveals Hidden Type I Nuclei
• Deep Westerbork 1.4 GHz Imaging of the Bootes Field
• Chandra Observations of Extended X-ray Emission in Arp 220

Cited by in corpus (74)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function
• The SDSS Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Three
• A New Calculation of the Ionizing Background Spectrum and the Effects of HeII Reionization
• The Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function at z = 0-7
• A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-Obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2
• The Luminosity Function of X-ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift
• Evidence for Quasar Activity Triggered by Galaxy Mergers in HST Observations of Dust-reddened Quasars
• The Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey
• Optical spectroscopy and X-ray detections of a sample of quasars and AGN selected in the mid-infrared from two Spitzer wide-area surveys
• The SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: The Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Nine
• The distribution of silicate strength in Spitzer spectra of AGNs and ULIRGs
• AGES: The AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey
• Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Infrared Luminous Galaxies at z~2 I: the Spectra
• GeV Gamma-Ray Attenuation and the High-Redshift UV Background
• The FIRST-2MASS Red Quasar Survey
• Mergers, AGN, and 'Normal' Galaxies: Contributions to the Distribution of Star Formation Rates and Infrared Luminosity Functions
• The VVDS type-1 AGN sample: The faint end of the luminosity function
• Luminosity functions for galaxies and quasars in the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extra-galactic (SWIRE) Legacy survey
• A hybrid model for the evolution of galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in the infrared
• Obscuration in extremely luminous quasars
• A large population of mid-infrared selected, obscured active galaxies in the Bootes field
• Modeling the cosmological co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies: I. BH scaling relations and the AGN luminosity function
• [CII] 158 micron Luminosities and Star Formation Rate in Dusty Starbursts and AGN
• AGN and Starburst Classification from Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectra for High Redshift SWIRE Sources
• The AGN Contribution to the Mid-IR Emission of Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• The Spitzer mid-infrared AGN survey. I - optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of candidate obscured and normal AGN selected in the mid-infrared
• Compton Thick AGN in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• The Mid-IR and X-ray Selected QSO Luminosity Function
• A survey of luminous high-redshift quasars with SDSS and WISE II. the bright end of the quasar luminosity function at z ~ 5
• The Cosmic Evolution of AGN in galaxy clusters
• The Spitzer mid-infrared AGN survey. II-the demographics and cosmic evolution of the AGN population
• Revealing X-ray obscured quasars in SWIRE sources with extreme mid-IR/optical flux ratios
• High-Redshift QSOs in the SWIRE Survey and the z~3 QSO Luminosity Function
• Do We Expect Most AGN to Live in Disks?
• A Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: I. Preliminary Results from the Co-added Catalog
• Spitzer IRS Spectra of Optically Faint Infrared Sources with Weak Spectral Features
• The Discovery of Three New z>5 Quasars in the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey
• AGN evolution from a galaxy evolution viewpoint
• Mid-Infrared Variability from the Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey
• The X-ray and Mid-Infrared luminosities in Luminous Type 1 Quasars
• Optical Line Diagnostics of z~2 Optically Faint ULIRGs in the Spitzer Bootes Survey
• AMUSE-Field I: Nuclear X-ray Properties of Local Field and Group Spheroids across the Stellar Mass Scale
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): Identification of AGN through SED Fitting and the Evolution of the Bolometric AGN Luminosity Function
• Nature and evolution of powerful radio galaxies and their link with the quasar luminosity function
• Observational constraints on the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies
• Does the AGN Unified Model Evolve with Redshift? Utilizing the X-ray Background to Predict the Mid-Infrared Emission of AGN
• An Investigation into the Effects of Luminosity on the Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of Radio-Quiet Quasars
• Faint-end Quasar Luminosity Functions from Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
• zBootes : z-band Photometry in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes Field
• The cosmological consequence of an obscured AGN population on the radiation efficiency
• Early Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations: Luminosity Functions and Clustering Behaviour
• The evolution of the scatter of the cosmic average color-magnitude relation: Demonstrating consistency with the ongoing formation of elliptical galaxies
• Modeling the QSO luminosity and spatial clustering at low redshifts
• Dust Destruction by Drift-Induced Sputtering in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Spectroscopic identifications of Spitzer sources in the SWIRE/XMM-NEWTON/ELAIS-S1 field: a large fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei with high F(24micron)/F(R) ratio
• Average Infrared Galaxy Spectra From Spitzer Flux Limited Samples
• Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Distant X-ray Luminous AGN
• Searching for highly obscured AGN in the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalog
• Modeling active galactic nuclei: ongoing problems for the faint-end of the luminosity function
• Extended multiwavelength fuzz around red quasars: observational appearance of radiative feedback in action
• Evolution of luminosity function and obscuration of AGN: connecting X-ray and Infrared
• The Mid-Infrared Luminosity Evolution and Luminosity Function of Quasars with SDSS and WISE
• A multi-wavelength survey of AGN in the XMM-LSS field: I. Quasar selection via the KX technique
• Astrophysics in 2006
• Evolution of the Most Luminous Dusty Galaxies
• The AGN fraction in high-redshift protocluster candidates selected by Planck and Herschel
• Identifications of FIRST radio sources in the NOAO Deep-Wide Field Survey
• The Southern 2MASS AGN Survey: spectroscopic follow-up with 6dF
• Seeking the Epoch of Maximum Luminosity for Dusty Quasars
• The optical luminosity function of LOFAR radio-selected quasars at $1.4\le z\le 5.0$ in the NDWFS-Boötes field
• Predictions for surveys with the SPICA Mid-infrared Instrument
• Dusty Quasars at High Redshifts
• The Compact Star-Forming Galaxies at $2<z<3$ in 3D-HST/CANDELS: AGN and Non-AGN Physical Properties