Evidence for New Relations between Gamma Ray Burst Prompt and X-ray Afterglow Emission from 9 Years of Swift

Abstract

When a massive star explodes as a Gamma Ray Burst information about this explosion is retained in the properties of the prompt and afterglow emission. We report on new relationships between the prompt and X-ray afterglow emission of Swift-detected Gamma Ray Bursts found from BAT and XRT data between 2004 December and 2013 August (754 GRBs). These relations suggest that the prompt and afterglow emission are closely linked. In particular,we find very strong correlations between the BAT 15-150keV $T_{90}$ and the break times before and after the plateau phase in the X-ray 0.3-10keV afterglow light curves. We also find a strong anti-correlation between the photon index of the GRB prompt emission and the X-ray spectral slope of the afterglow. Further, anti-correlations exist between the rest frame peak energy in the prompt emission, E-peak,z, and the X-ray afterglow decay slope during the plateau phase and the break times after the plateau phase. The rest-frame break times before and after the plateau phase are also anti-correlated with the rest-frame 15-150keV luminosity and isotropic energy during the prompt emission. A Principal Component Analysis suggests that GRB properties are primarily driven by the luminosity/energy release in the 15-150 keV band. Luminosity functions derived at various redshifts from logN-logS analysis, indicate that the density of bright bursts is significantly lower in the local Universe compared with the Universeat z$\approx$3, where the density of bright GRBs peaks. Using cluster analysis, we find that the duration of Swift BAT-detected short-duration GRBs is less than 1s. We also present the catalogue of all \swift-onboard detected bursts.

Accepted for publication in the ApJ-Supplement, 66 pages, including 41 figures and 11 tables. We also include the GRB catalog as an ASCII data file named 'grb_catalog_midas.dat' which can be read directly into MIDAS using the format file 'grb_catalog_format.fmt'

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• A Comparative Study of Long and Short GRBs. II. A Multi-wavelength Method to distinguish Type II (massive star) and Type I (compact star) GRBs
• Prospects for GeV-TeV detection of short gamma-ray bursts with extended emission
• Multivariate analysis of BATSE gamma-ray burst properties using skewed distributions
• Early-time VLA observations and broad-band afterglow analysis of the Fermi-LAT detected GRB 130907A
• On the prospects of gamma-ray burst detection in the TeV band
• Update on the GRB universal scaling E${}_{\mathrm{X},\mathrm{iso}}$-E${}_{\gamma ,\mathrm{iso}}$-E${}_{\mathrm{pk}}$ with ten years of $Swift$ data
• Modeling the Multi-Band Afterglow of GRB 130831A: Evidence for a Spinning-Down Magnetar Dominated by Gravitational Wave Losses?
• Multiwavelength Follow-up Observations of the Tidal Disruption Event Candidate 2XMMi J184725.1-631724
• Investigating the nature of INTEGRAL Gamma-ray Bursts and sub-threshold triggers with Swift follow up
• Can the Cosmological Dilation Explain the Skewness in the Gamma-Ray Burst Duration Distribution?
• How does the shape of gamma-ray bursts' pulses affect the duration distribution?
• X-ray afterglow of GRB 050712: Multiple energy injections into the external shock