GRB afterglow plateaus and Gravitational Waves: multi-messenger signature of a millisecond magnetar?

Abstract

The existence of a shallow decay phase in the early X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts is a common feature. Here we investigate the possibility that this is connected to the formation of a highly magnetized millisecond pulsar, pumping energy into the fireball on timescales longer than the prompt emission. In this scenario the nascent neutron star could undergo a secular bar-mode instability, leading to gravitational wave losses which would affect the neutron star spin-down. In this case, nearby gamma-ray bursts with isotropic energies of the order of 1e50 ergs would produce a detectable gravitational wave signal emitted in association with an observed X-ray light-curve plateau, over relatively long timescales of minutes to about an hour. The peak amplitude of the gravitational wave signal would be delayed with respect to the gamma-ray burst trigger, offering gravitational wave interferometers such as the advanced LIGO and Virgo the challenging possibility of catching its signature on the fly.

9 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes to match the published version

References in corpus (13)

• The strongest cosmic magnets: Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
• A neutron-star-driven X-ray flash associated with supernova SN 2006aj
• The gravitational wave burst signal from core collapse of rotating stars
• Implications for the Origin of GRB 070201 from LIGO Observations
• The X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A: Energy injection from a millisecond magnetar?
• Accurate simulations of the dynamical bar-mode instability in full General Relativity
• Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Distinct GRB Population:A Firmer Case from Multiple Criteria Constraints
• Spinning down newborn neutron stars: nonlinear development of the r-mode instability
• Taxonomy of GRB optical light-curves: identification of a salient class of early afterglows
• Dynamical non-axisymmetric instabilities in rotating relativistic stars
• X-ray flares, plateaus, and chromatic breaks of GRB afterglows from up-scattered forward-shock emission
• Newborn Magnetars as sources of Gravitational Radiation: constraints from High Energy observations of Magnetar Candidates
• Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows: theory and observations

Cited by in corpus (56)

• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Kilonovae
• Search for post-merger gravitational waves from the remnant of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
• Neutron Star Merger Remnants
• The evolution of binary neutron star post-merger remnants: a review
• Long gravitational-wave transients and associated detection strategies for a network of terrestrial interferometers
• Gamma-Ray and Hard X-Ray Emission from Pulsar-Aided Supernovae as a Probe of Particle Acceleration in Embryonic Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• Swift follow-up observations of candidate gravitational-wave transient events
• The role of newly born magnetars in gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission: Energy injection and internal emission
• The Delay Time of Gravitational Wave -- Gamma-Ray Burst Associations
• Magnetar central engine and possible gravitational wave emission of nearby short GRB 160821B
• GRB 211211A: a Neutron Star$-$White Dwarf Merger?
• Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift During the LIGO-Virgo Run O3b
• The chemical signature of jet-driven hypernovae
• Are Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Caused by Blue Supergiant Collapsars, Newborn Magnetars, or White Dwarf Tidal Disruption Events?
• Multimessenger Search for Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-Energy Neutrinos: Results for Initial LIGO-Virgo and IceCube
• Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift During the LIGO-Virgo Run O3a
• On the diversity of magnetar-driven kilonovae
• Gravitational radiation from precessing accretion disks in gamma-ray bursts
• Revisiting coincidence rate between Gravitational Wave detection and short Gamma-Ray Burst for the Advanced and third generation
• Evidence for magnetar precession in X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts
• Oscillation modes of rapidly rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray acceleration in newly born magnetars and their associated gravitational wave signatures
• Gamma Ray Bursts
• Detecting very long-lived gravitational-wave transients lasting hours to weeks
• Gravitational waves from mountains in newly born millisecond magnetars
• Millisecond Magnetars
• X-ray afterglows of Short gamma-ray bursts: Magnetar or Fireball?
• Comparison of gravitational waves from central engines of gamma-ray bursts: neutrino-dominated accretion flows, Blandford-Znajek mechanisms, and millisecond magnetars
• Magnetic-distortion-induced ellipticity and gravitational wave radiation of neutron stars: millisecond magnetars in short GRBs, Galactic pulsars, and magnetars
• Extragalactic Millimeter Transients in the Era of Next Generation CMB Surveys
• Evidence for gravitational-wave dominated emission in the central engine of short GRB 200219A
• Constraining the ellipticity of new-born magnetar with the observational data of Long gamma-ray bursts
• A deceleration search for magnetar pulsations in the X-ray plateaus of Short GRBs
• Gravitational wave observations may constrain gamma-ray burst models: the case of GW 150914 - GBM
• Gravitational Waves from Newborn Accreting Millisecond Magnetars
• A convolutional neural network to distinguish glitches from minute-long gravitational wave transients
• Neutrinos and gravitational waves from magnetized neutrino-dominated accretion discs with magnetic coupling
• Ultra-compact binary pulsars as continuous dual-line gravitational wave sources
• Evolution of newborn rapidly rotating magnetars: effects of r-mode and fall-back accretion
• A targeted search for repeating fast radio bursts associated with gamma-ray bursts
• Constraining the ellipticity and frequency of binary neutron star remnant via its gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiations
• The evolution effects of radius and moment of inertia for rapidly rotating neutron stars
• X- and Gamma-ray astrophysics in the era of Multi-messenger astronomy
• Can we constrain the aftermath of binary neutron star mergers with short gamma-ray bursts?
• On the initial spin periods of magnetars born in weak supernova explosions and their gravitational wave radiation
• Gravitational-wave evolution of newborn magnetars with different deformed structure
• First joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector, KAGRA, with GEO600
• All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run
• Constraints on fast radio burst emission in the aftermath of gamma-ray bursts
• Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with THESEUS in the 2030s
• Multimessenger signatures of a deformed magnetar in gamma-ray bursts
• Gravitational waves associated with the r-mode instability from neutron star-white dwarf mergers
• A machine learning algorithm for minute-long Burst searches
• GFH-v2 Pipeline for Searches of Long-Transient Gravitational Waves from Newborn Magnetars
• The most distant optically polarised GRB afterglow: GRB 240419A at z = 5.178