Refreshed Shocks and Afterglow Longevity in GRB

Abstract

We consider fireball models where the ejecta have a range of bulk Lorentz factors, so that the inner (lower $\Gamma$) parts may carry most of the mass, or even most of the energy. The outer shock and contact discontinuity decelerate as the fireball sweeps up external matter. This deceleration allows slower ejecta to catch up, replenishing and reenergizing the reverse shock and boosting the momentum in the blast wave. In consequence, the energy available to power the afterglow may substantially exceed that of the burst itself. Such models allow a wide range of possibilities for the afterglow evolution, even in the case of spherically symmetric expansion.

subm to Ap.J. Letters, 12/18/97; latex (aaspp4), 9 pages, one postscript figure

References in corpus (8)

• Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• Discovery of the X-Ray Afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst of February 28 1997
• Shocked by GRB 970228: the afterglow of a cosmological fireball
• Viewing Angle and Environment Effects in GRB: Sources of Afterglow Diversity
• GRB after-glow: Supporting the cosmological fireball model, constraining parameters, and making predictions
• Implications of the radio afterglow from the gamma-ray burst of May 8, 1997
• Radio scintillation of gamma-ray-burst afterglows
• The decay of optical emission from the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 970228

Cited by in corpus (297)

• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Physical processes shaping GRB X-ray afterglow lightcurves: theoretical implications from the Swift XRT observations
• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Evidence for a Canonical GRB Afterglow Light Curve in the Swift/XRT Data
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects
• The Dynamics and Light Curves of Beamed Gamma Ray Burst Afterglows
• Gamma-ray Burst Afterglow with Continuous Energy Injection: Signature of a Highly-Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar
• Theories of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The early X-ray emission from GRBs
• Gamma-Ray Burst Environments and Progenitors
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• The Progenitors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Jet breaks and Energetics of Swift GRB X-ray Afterglows
• Swift observations of GRB 070110: an extraordinary X-ray afterglow powered by the central engine
• GRB Radiative Efficiencies Derived from the Swift Data: GRBs vs. XRFs, Long vs. Short
• GRB 990123: Reverse and Internal Shock Flashes and Late Afterglow
• A Comprehensive Analysis of the Swift/XRT Data: II. Diverse Physical Origins of the Shallow Decay Segment
• Impulsive and Varying Injection in GRB Afterglows
• Multi-Wavelength Afterglows in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Refreshed Shock and Jet Effects
• A possible connection between Fast Radio Bursts and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A Complete Reference of the Analytical Synchrotron External Shock Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The First Survey of X-ray Flares from Gamma Ray Bursts Observed by Swift: Temporal Properties and Morphology
• Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows In The Multi-Messenger Era: Numerical Models and Closure Relations
• A long-duration gamma-ray burst with a peculiar origin
• The 2175 A dust feature in a Gamma Ray Burst afterglow at redshift 2.45
• GRB efficiency and Possible Physical Processes Shaping the Early Afterglow
• GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7
• Late internal shock model for bright X-ray flares in Gamma-ray Burst afterglows and GRB 011121
• The Spatial Distribution of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries: Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Afterglow Observations of Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Emerging Class of Hyper-Energetic Events
• A test of the millisecond magnetar central engine model of GRBs with Swift data
• Trans-Relativistic Blast Waves in Supernovae as Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors
• Some Observational Consequences of GRB Shock Models
• The X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A: Energy injection from a millisecond magnetar?
• Variabilities of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Long-acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet or Many Fluctuating Regions?
• GRB Afterglows with Energy Injection from a spinning down NS
• Optical Flashes and Radio Flares in GRBs afterglow: Numerical Study
• Gamma-ray bursts with continuous energy injection and their afterglow signature
• How Bad/Good Are the External Forward Shock Afterglow Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts?
• Swift observations of the X-ray bright GRB 050315
• On the Mechanism of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• A Comprehensive Study of Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Emission: I. Flares and Early Shallow Decay Component
• The detailed optical light curve of GRB 030329
• Open Questions in GRB Physics
• Numerical simulations of the jet dynamics and synchrotron radiation of binary neutron star merger event GW170817/GRB170817A
• Relativistic Wind Bubbles and Afterglow Signatures
• High Energy Afterglow from Gamma-ray Bursts
• Analysis of the X-ray Emission of Nine Swift Afterglows
• Efficiency Crisis of Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts with Shallow X-ray Afterglows: Prior Activity or Time-Dependent Microphysics?
• The Variable Light Curve of GRB 030329: The Case for Refreshed Shocks
• The line-of-sight towards GRB 030429 at z = 2.66: Probing the matter at stellar, galactic and intergalactic scales
• A Jet Break in the X-ray Light Curve of Short GRB 111020A: Implications for Energetics and Rates
• Dynamical Evolution, Light-Curves and Spectra of Spherical and Collimated Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants
• Optical and near-infrared follow-up observations of four Fermi/LAT GRBs : Redshifts, afterglows, energetics and host galaxies
• Swift and XMM-Newton Observations of the Extraordinary GRB 060729: An afterglow with a more than 100 days X-ray light curve
• Iron K-alpha Emission from a Decaying Magnetar Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• X-ray flare in XRF 050406: evidence for prolonged engine activity
• Multi-Wavelength Observations of GRB 050820A: An Exceptionally Energetic Event Followed from Start to Finish
• X-ray flares and the duration of engine activity in gamma-ray bursts
• Smooth Light Curves from a Bumpy Ride: Relativistic Blast Wave Encounters a Density Jump
• Ultrarelativistic electromagnetic counterpart to binary neutron star mergers
• Optical Flash of GRB 990123: constraints on the physical parameter of the reverse shock
• Fermi and Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Population Studies
• Gamma-ray burst jet breaks revisited
• GRB 021004: A Possible Shell Nebula around a Wolf-Rayet Star Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor
• The Fading Optical Counterpart of GRB~970228, Six Months and One Year Later
• Energy Injection in Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows
• Luminosity--time and luminosity--luminosity correlations for GRB prompt and afterglow plateau emissions
• Optical follow-up of GRB 970508
• Gamma-Ray Burst Science in the Era of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• The Radio to GeV Afterglow of GRB 221009A
• Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows from Realistic Fireballs
• The Broad-band Counterpart of the Short GRB 200522A at $z=0.5536$: A Luminous Kilonova or a Collimated Outflow with a Reverse Shock?
• Very Early Optical Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Evidence for Relative Paucity of Detection
• In search of progenitors for supernova-less GRBs 060505 and 060614: re-examination of their afterglows
• Millimeter Observations of GRB 030329: Continued Evidence for a Two-Component Jet
• Evidence for Supernova-Synthesised Dust from the Rising Afterglow of GRB 071025 at z~5
• High energy gamma-ray emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts -- before GLAST
• Behavior of X-Ray Dust Scattering and Implications for X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Afterglow Observations Shed New Light on the Nature of X-ray Flashes
• Giant Shells and Stellar Arcs as Relics of Gamma Ray Burst Explosions
• On the classification of GRBs and their occurrence rates
• Shallow decay phase of GRB X-ray afterglows from relativistic wind bubbles
• Jets, Structured Outflows, and Energy Injection in GRB Afterglows: Numerical Modelling
• Gamma Ray Burst afterglow and prompt-afterglow relations: an overview
• Structured Jets and X-ray Plateaus in Gamma-Ray Burst Phenomena
• The two-component jet of GRB 080413B
• Correlated optical and X-ray flares in the afterglow of XRF 071031
• GRB Energetics in the Swift Era
• The role of newly born magnetars in gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission: Energy injection and internal emission
• Flares in GRB afterglows from delayed magnetic dissipation
• A Spectacular Radio Flare from XRF 050416a at 40 days and Implications for the Nature of X-ray Flashes
• Energetics and beaming of gamma-ray burst triggers
• GRB 090313 and the Origin of Optical Peaks in GRB Light Curves: Implications for Lorentz Factors and Radio Flares
• Dynamics and Afterglow Light Curves of GRB Blast Waves with a Long-lived Reverse Shock
• The bright optical/NIR afterglow of the faint GRB 080710 - Evidence for a jet viewed off axis
• Modeling the Optical Afterglow of GRB 030329
• On the investigation of the closure relations for Gamma-Ray Bursts observed by Swift in the post-plateau phase and the GRB fundamental plane
• Energy Injection Episodes in Gamma Ray Bursts: The Light Curves and Polarization Properties of GRB 021004
• Pre-ALMA observations of GRBs in the mm/submm range
• A double component in GRB 090618: a proto-black hole and a genuinely long GRB
• The Anomalous Early Afterglow of GRB 050801
• Is GeV Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts of External Shock Origin?
• A new three-parameter correlation for gamma-ray bursts with a plateau phase in the afterglow
• The Interpretation and Implication of the Afterglow of GRB 060218
• The complex light-curve of the afterglow of GRB071010A
• Spin Evolution of Millisecond Magnetars with Hyperaccreting Fallback Disks: Implications for Early Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• On the Implications of Late Internal Dissipation for Shallow-Decay Afterglow Emission and Associated High-Energy Gamma-Ray Signals
• GRMHD simulations of neutron-star mergers with weak interactions: r-process nucleosynthesis and electromagnetic signatures of dynamical ejecta
• Self-similar relativistic blast waves with energy injection
• First ALMA Light Curve Constrains Refreshed Reverse Shocks and Jet Magnetization in GRB 161219B
• Extreme Properties Of GRB061007: A Highly Energetic OR Highly Collimated Burst?
• A morphological analysis of gamma-ray burst early optical afterglows
• RAPTOR observations of delayed explosive activity in the high-redshift gamma-ray burst GRB 060206
• High Quality Early Time Light Curves of GRB 060206: Implications for Gamma Ray Burst Environments and Energetics
• Jet-breaks in the X-ray Light-Curves of Swift GRB Afterglows
• The afterglow of a relativistic shock breakout and low-luminosity GRBs
• Swift GRB Afterglows and the Forward-Shock Model
• The Afterglow of GRB010222: A Case of Continuous Energy Injection
• On the structures in the afterglow peak emission of gamma ray bursts
• Realistic analytic model for the prompt and high latitude emission in GRBs
• Models for Achromatic Light-Curve Breaks in GRB Afterglows: Jets, Structured Outflows, and Energy Injection
• Polarization and light curve variability: the "patchy shell" model
• GRB990123: Evidence that the Gamma Rays Come from a Central Engine
• Early afterglow detection in the Swift observations of GRB 050801
• On the Existence of the Plateau Emission in High-Energy Gamma-Ray Burst LightCurves observed byFermi-LAT
• A two component jet model for the X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A
• On the nature of late X-ray flares in Swift Gamma-ray Bursts
• A Correlated Study of Optical and X-ray Afterglows of GRBs
• The Optical/NIR afterglow of GRB 111209A: Complex yet not Unprecedented
• The shallow decay segment of GRB X-ray afterglow revisited
• GRB081028 and its late-time afterglow re-brightening
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: Afterglows and Central Engines
• Modeling Fluctuations in the GRB-Afterglow Light Curves
• GRB jet structure and the jet break
• A faint optical flash in dust-obscured GRB 080603A - implications for GRB prompt emission mechanisms
• The Two-Component Afterglow of Swift GRB 050802
• Exact versus approximate solutions in Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows
• Bayesian Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Multi-Pulsed GRBs: Variations of Emission Properties amongst Pulses
• A Reverse-Shock Model for the Early Afterglow of GRB 050525A
• Environment and Energy Injection Effects in GRB Afterglows
• Determining the efficiency of converting magnetar spin-down energy into gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission and its possible implications
• Prospects for Detecting Gamma-Ray Bursts at Very High Energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• X-ray Hardness Variations as an Internal/External Shock Diagnostic
• GRB 060714: No Clear Dividing Line Between Prompt Emission and X-ray Flares
• A Semi-analytic Formulation for Relativistic Blast Waves with a Long-lived Reverse Shock
• Gamma-Ray Burst and Relativistic Shells: The Surface Filling Factor
• Energy Injection in GRB Afterglow Models
• Closure relations during the plateau emission of Swift GRBs and the fundamental plane
• A Young Globular Cluster in the Galaxy NGC 6946
• When Do Internal Shocks End and External Shocks Begin? Early-Time Broadband Modelling of GRB 051111
• Late-time detections of the X-ray afterglow of GRB 060729 with Chandra - the latest detections ever of an X-ray afterglow
• Early GRB Afterglows from Relativistic Blast Waves in General Radiative Regimes
• GRB Fireball Physics: Prompt and Early Emission
• The high-redshift gamma-ray burst GRB140515A
• Small-scale variations in the radiating surface of the GRB 011211 jet
• Coasting external shock in wind medium: an origin for the X-ray plateau decay component in Swift GRB afterglows
• Evidence for New Relations between Gamma Ray Burst Prompt and X-ray Afterglow Emission from 9 Years of Swift
• Cherenkov Telescope Array is Well Suited to Follow Up Gravitational Wave Transients
• The radio afterglow of GRB 030329 at centimeter wavelengths: evidence for a structured jet or non-relativistic expansion
• GRB 070311: a direct link between the prompt emission and the afterglow
• Early emission of rising optical afterglows: The case of GRB 060904B and GRB 070420
• PROMPT Observations of the Early-Time Optical Afterglow of GRB 060607A
• No flares from Gamma-Ray Burst afterglow blast waves encountering sudden circumburst density change
• Gamma-ray burst afterglows
• GRB 081008: from burst to afterglow and the transition phase in between
• Modelling synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emission of gamma-ray burst afterglows from radio to very-high energies
• Afterglows from precursors in Gamma Ray Bursts. Application to the optical afterglow of GRB 091024
• A Late-Time Flattening of Afterglow Light Curves
• Flares in Gamma Ray Bursts: Disc Fragmentation and Evolution
• The luminous host galaxy, faint supernova and rapid afterglow rebrightening of GRB 100418A
• Gamma-ray burst afterglow blast waves
• GRB 060607A: A GRB with Bright Asynchronous Early $X$-ray and Optical Emissions
• Observational Signatures of High-Energy Emission during the Shallow Decay Phase of GRB X-Ray Afterglows
• The Swift X-ray flaring afterglow of GRB 050607
• Swift XRT Observations of the Afterglow of XRF 050416A
• Fall back accretion and energy injections in gamma-ray bursts
• GRB 170817A as a Refreshed Shock Afterglow viewed off-axis
• Reverse Shock Emission Revealed in Early Photometry in the Candidate Short GRB 180418A
• Challenging GRB models through the broadband dataset of GRB060908
• Analysis of GRB 080319B and GRB 050904 within the fireshell model: evidence for a broader spectral energy distribution
• High energy afterglows and flares from Gamma-Ray Burst by Inverse Compton emission
• The prompt-early afterglow connection in gamma-ray bursts: implications for the early afterglow physics
• Testing the External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Late-Time Simultaneous Optical and X-ray Afterglows
• The nature of the late achromatic bump in GRB 120326A
• Echo Emission From Dust Scattering and X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Gamma Ray Bursts and Bursters
• Accounting for the XRT early steep decay in models of the prompt GRB emission
• Radiative Efficiencies of Continuously Powered Blast Waves
• Reverse Shocks in the Relativistic Outflows of Gravitational Wave Detected Neutron Star Binary Mergers
• GRB 091029: At the limit of the fireball scenario
• Very High Energy Observations of Gamma-Ray Burst Locations with the Whipple Telescope
• Dynamics and Afterglow Light Curves of GRB Blast Waves Encountering a Density Bump or Void
• Fallback accretion on to a newborn magnetar: long GRBs with giant X-ray flares
• X-Ray and high energy flares from late internal shocks of gamma-ray bursts
• An external-shock model for GRB afterglow 130427A
• Revealing the Jet Structure of GRB 030329 with High Resolution Multicolor Photometry
• The exceptionally extended flaring activity in the X-ray afterglow of GRB 050730 observed with Swift and XMM-Newton
• Relation between the intrinsic and observed central engine activity time: implications for ultra-long GRBs
• GRB Observational Properties
• A detailed radio study of the energetic, nearby and puzzling GRB 171010A
• Limits on optical polarization during the prompt phase of GRB 140430A
• GRB 050117: Simultaneous Gamma-ray and X-ray Observations with the Swift Satellite
• On the Radio-to-X-ray light curves of SN 1998bw and GRB 980425
• Radio-interferometric monitoring of FRB 131104: A coincident AGN flare, but no evidence for a cosmic fireball
• LOTIS, Super-LOTIS, SDSS and Tautenburg Observations of GRB 010921
• The curious case of EP241021a: Unraveling the mystery of its exceptional rebrightening
• The Second Plateau in X-ray Afterglow Providing Additional Evidence for Rapidly Spinning Magnetars as the GRB Central Engine
• A blast from the infant Universe: the very high-z GRB 210905A
• Early multi-wavelength emission from Gamma-ray Bursts: from Gamma-ray to X-ray
• Prospects for GeV-TeV detection of short gamma-ray bursts with extended emission
• Probing GRB environments with time variability: ULTRASPEC fast imaging of GRB 080210
• Electromagnetic Counterparts of Compact Binary Mergers
• Constraints on the merging binary neutron star mass distribution and equation of state based on the incidence of jets in the population
• Radio observations of GRB 100418a: Test of an energy injection model explaining long-lasting GRB afterglows
• GRB 980425, SN1998bw and the EMBH model
• Gamma-Ray Burst high energy emission from Internal Shocks
• GRB 180620A: Evidence for late-time energy injection
• Linking extended and plateau emissions of short gamma-ray bursts
• Gamma rays from a reverse shock with turbulent magnetic fields in GRB 180720B
• GRB120729A: external shock origin for both the prompt gamma-ray emission and afterglow
• GRB 060206: hints of precession of the central engine?
• Simulation and physical model based gamma-ray burst afterglow analysis
• Reverse Shock Emission in Gamma-ray Bursts Revisited
• The 7.2/3 Years Collection of Well-Monitored Fermi-LAT GRB Afterglows
• Giant X-ray and optical Bump in GRBs: evidence for fall-back accretion model
• The termination shock of a magnetar wind: a possible origin of gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission
• The synchrotron-self-Compton radiation accompanying shallow decaying X-ray afterglow: the case of GRB 940217
• EP241021a: a months-duration X-ray transient with luminous optical and radio emission
• The closure relations in optical afterglow of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• GRB 050822: Detailed analysis of an XRF observed by Swift
• Very early multi-color observations of the plateau phase of GRB 041006 afterglow
• Diversity of multiwavelength emission bumps in the GRB 100219A afterglow
• Infrared/optical - X-ray simultaneous observations of X-ray flares in GRB 071112C and GRB 080506
• Multiband Fitting to Three Long GRBs with Fermi/LAT Data: Structured Ejecta Sweeping up a Density-Jump Medium
• Relativistic simulations of long-lived reverse shocks in stratified ejecta: the origin of flares in GRB afterglows
• Ultra-High Energy Neutrino Afterglows of nearby Long Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Off-axis synchrotron light curves from full-time-domain moving-mesh simulations of jets from massive stars
• Combined X-ray and optical analysis to probe the origin of the plateau emission in $\gamma$-ray bursts afterglows
• Simultaneous Radio and Optical Polarimetry of GRB 191221B Afterglow
• Interpretation of Radio Afterglows in the framework of the Standard Fireball and Energy Injection models
• Modeling the Multi-Band Afterglow of GRB 130831A: Evidence for a Spinning-Down Magnetar Dominated by Gravitational Wave Losses?
• Signature of a spin-up magnetar from multi-band afterglow rebrightening of GRB 100814A
• GRB Optical and X-ray Plateau Properties Classifier Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Energetic Fermi/LAT GRB100414A: Energetic and Correlations
• Variability in Short Gamma-ray Bursts: Gravitationally Unstable Tidal Tails
• Gamma Ray Burst engine activity within the quark nova scenario: Prompt emission, X-ray Plateau, and sharp drop-off
• X-ray Afterglows from the Gamma-Ray Burst "Large(r)-Angle" Emission
• The Signature of Refreshed Shocks in the of Afterglow of GRB030329
• Long-term Continuous Energy Injection in the Afterglow of GRB 060729
• The origin of the late rebrightening in GRB 080503
• Constraining the environment of GRB 990712 through emission line fluxes
• Swift/UVOT: 18 Years of Long GRB Discoveries and Advances
• A further study of $t_{\mathrm{burst}}$ of GRBs: rest frame properties, external plateau contributions and multiple parameter analysis
• A set of distinctive properties ruling the prompt emission of GRB 230307A and other long γ-ray bursts from compact object mergers
• To power the X-ray plateaus of gamma-ray bursts through larger amplitude electromagnetic waves
• Multiwavelength observations of GRB 140629A. A long burst with an achromatic jet break in the optical and X-ray afterglow
• Multi-Peaked Non-Thermal Light Curves from Magnetar-Powered Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Optical Synchrotron Precursors of Radio Hypernovae
• The possible ubiquity of energy injection in Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows
• The benefit of simultaneous seven-filter imaging: 10 years of GROND observations
• Dynamics and emission of wind-powered afterglows of gamma-ray bursts: flares, plateaus and steep decays
• Gamma Ray Bursts Cook Book I: Formulation
• A two-step energy injection explanation for the rebrightenings of the multi-band afterglow of GRB 081029
• Afterglow Light Curve Modulated by a Highly Magnetized Millisecond Pulsar
• The triple-peaked afterglow of GRB 210731A from X-ray to radio frequencies
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
• Testing Models for the Shallow Decay Phase of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Polarization Observations
• Early soft X-ray to UV emission from double neutron star mergers: implications from the long-term radio and X-ray emissions of GW 170817
• Broad band simulation of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) prompt emission in presence of an external magnetic field
• Modelling the Multi-band Afterglow of GRB 091127: Evidence of a Hard Electron Energy Spectrum with an Injection Break
• X-ray plateaus followed by sharp drops in GRBs 060413, 060522, 060607A and 080330: Further evidences for central engine afterglow from Gamma-ray Bursts
• Neutrino Production Associated with Late Bumps in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Potential Contribution to Diffuse Flux at IceCube
• Late Engine Activity of GRB 161017A Revealed by Early Optical Observations
• GRB Afterglow of the Sub-relativistic Materials with Energy Injection
• Measuring the beaming angle of GRB 030329 by fitting the rebrightenings in its multiband afterglow
• GRB090111: extra soft steep decay emission and peculiar re-brightening
• HETE-2 Observations of the X-Ray Flash XRF 040916
• A New Model for Iron Emission Lines and Re-Burst in GRB X-Ray Afterglows
• Statistical Shapes of the Highest Pulses in Gamma--Ray Bursts
• The afterglow emission from a stratified jet in GRB 170817A
• X-ray afterglow of GRB 050712: Multiple energy injections into the external shock
• Early afterglows from radially structured outflows and the application to X-ray shallow decays
• Multi-epoch afterglow rebrightenings in GRB 250129A: Evidence for successive shock interactions
• Statistical Properties of Multiple Optical Emission Components in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Implications
• A three stage model for the inner engine of GRBs: Prompt emission and early afterglow
• Modeling the Multi-band Afterglows of GRB 060614 and GRB 060908: Further Evidence for a Double Power-Law Hard Electron Energy Spectrum
• A two-component jet model for the optical plateau in the afterglow of GRB 191221B
• Systematic study for gas-to-dust ratio of short gamma-ray burst afterglows
• What do $\gamma$-ray bursts look like?
• Synchrotron self-Compton Reverse Shock in Energy-Injection and Radiative Scenarios
• GRB 260310A / SN 2026fgk: A Multi-Wavelength Study of a Nearby Underluminous Long GRB and SN with a Complex Afterglow
• The maximum mass and rotational kinetic energy of rapidly rotating neutron stars
• The GROND GRB sample: II. Fireball parameters for four GRB afterglows
• GOTO identification and broadband modelling of the counterpart to the SVOM GRB 250818B