AGN in the CALIFA survey: X-ray detection of nuclear sources

Abstract

A complete demographic of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is essential to understand the evolution of the Universe. Optical surveys estimate the population of AGN in the local Universe to be of $\sim$ 4%. However, these results could be biased towards bright sources, not affected by the host galaxy attenuation. An alternative method for detecting these objects is through the X-ray emission. In this work, we aim to complement the AGN population of the optical CALIFA survey (941 sources), by using X-ray data from Chandra, which provides the best spatial resolution to date, essential to isolate the nuclear emission from the host galaxy. We study a total of 138 sources with available data. We find 34 new bonafide AGN and 23 AGN candidates, which could increase the AGN population to 7-10\% among the CALIFA survey. X-rays are particularly useful for low-luminosity AGN since they are excluded by the criterion of large equivalent width of the $H\alpha$ emission line when applied to optical selections. Indeed, placing such a restrictive criteria might cause a loss of up to 70% of AGN sources. X-ray detected sources are preferentially located in the right side of the [$OIII$]/$H\beta$ versus [$NII$]/$H\alpha$ diagram, suggesting that this diagram might be the most reliable at classifying AGN sources. Our results support the idea that multi-wavelength studies are the best way to obtain a complete AGN population.

arXiv comment18 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables, 5 pages of supplementary online material available. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (82)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• The Host Galaxies and Classification of Active Galactic Nuclei
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: I. Survey presentation
• Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background
• Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei
• An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO)
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• Optimal binning of X-ray spectra and response matrix design
• An X-ray Spectral Model for Compton-Thick Toroidal Reprocessors
• A 3 dimensional diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2s: probing X-ray absorption and Compton thickness
• Mergers and Bulge Formation in Lambda-CDM: Which Mergers Matter?
• SDSS IV MaNGA - Spatially resolved diagnostic diagrams: A proof that many galaxies are LIERs
• X-ray source populations in galaxies
• On the X-ray, optical emission line and black hole mass properties of local Seyfert galaxies
• PMAS, the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer. I. Design, Manufacture, and Performance
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• The nature of LINER galaxies: Ubiquitous hot old stars and rare accreting black holes
• PMAS: The Potsdam Multi Aperture Spectrophotometer. II. The Wide Integral Field Unit PPak
• The Cosmic BPT Diagram: Confronting Theory with Observations
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: IV. Third Public data release
• CALIFA: a diameter-selected sample for an integral field spectroscopy galaxy survey
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. II. First public data release
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. III. Second public data release
• A ROSAT HRI survey of bright nearby galaxies
• Spatially-Resolved Star Formation Main Sequence of Galaxies in the CALIFA Survey
• Chandra observations of NGC 253. II: On the origin of diffuse X-ray emission in the halos of starburst galaxies
• Towards a Complete Census of AGNs in Nearby Galaxies: A Large Population of Optically Unidentified AGNs
• "Hidden" Seyfert 2 Galaxies and the X-ray Background
• An X-ray view of 82 LINERs with Chandra and XMM-Newton data
• Both starvation and outflows drive galaxy quenching
• Energy Spectra of the Soft X-ray Diffuse Emission in Fourteen Fields Observed with Suzaku
• The central parsecs of M87: jet emission and an elusive accretion disc
• The Biases of Optical Line-Ratio Selection for Active Galactic Nuclei, and the Intrinsic Relationship between Black Hole Accretion and Galaxy Star Formation
• GAMA/H-ATLAS: A meta-analysis of SFR indicators - comprehensive measures of the SFR-M* relation and Cosmic Star Formation History at z < 0.4
• 2XMM Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Candidates in Nearby Galaxies
• The XMM Deep survey in the CDFS I. First results on heavily obscured AGN
• The Emission Line Properties of Gravitationally-lensed 1.5 < z < 5 Galaxies
• Optical--to--X-ray emission in low-absorption AGN: Results from the Swift-BAT 9 month catalogue
• Compton thick active galactic nuclei in Chandra surveys
• X-ray nature of the LINER nuclear sources
• AEGIS: Demographics of X-ray and Optically Selected AGNs
• Techniques for reducing fiber-fed and integral-field spectroscopy data: The software package R3D
• Reflection in Seyfert Galaxies and the Unified Model of AGN
• Galaxies hosting an AGN: a view from the CALIFA survey
• The MOSDEF survey: AGN multi-wavelength identification, selection biases and host galaxy properties
• A census of X-ray nuclear activity in nearby galaxies
• The effects of spatial resolution on Integral Field Spectrograph surveys at different redshifts. The CALIFA perspective
• The INTEGRAL/IBIS AGN catalogue I: X-ray absorption properties versus optical classification
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey II: X-ray Emission and High Ionization Optical Emission Lines
• pyFIT3D and pyPipe3D -- The new version of the Integral Field Spectroscopy data analysis pipeline
• XMM-Newton Observations of a Complete Sample of Optically Selected Type 2 Seyfert Galaxies
• The Limitations of Optical Spectroscopic Diagnostics in Identifying AGNs in the Low Mass Regime
• A Catalog of 406 AGNs in MaNGA: A Connection between Radio-mode AGN and Star Formation Quenching
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Identification of active galactic nuclei in optical integral field unit surveys
• The Nature of Optically Dull Active Galactic Nuclei in COSMOS
• CAIXA: a Catalogue of AGN In the XMM-Newton Archive II. Multiwavelength correlations
• On the nature of unabsorbed Seyfert 2 galaxies
• X-ray spectral variability of seven LINER nuclei with XMM-Newton and Chandra data
• Crossing the Line: Active Galactic Nuclei in the Star-forming region of the BPT Diagram
• Systematic study of outflows in the Local Universe using CALIFA: I. Sample selection and main properties
• From global to spatially resolved in low-redshift galaxies
• X-ray spectral variability of Seyfert 2 galaxies
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: A Significant Population of Candidate Central Black Holes in Late-type Galaxies
• The Incidence of X-ray selected AGN in Nearby Galaxies
• X-ray Binary Luminosity Function Scaling Relations in Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Globular Cluster Seeding of Low-Mass X-ray Binaries in Galactic Fields
• A Radio Polarimetric Study to Disentangle AGN Activity and Star-Formation in Seyfert Galaxies
• Robust Identification of Active Galactic Nuclei through HST Optical Variability in GOODS-S: Comparison with the X-ray and mid-IR Selected Samples
• The connection between star formation and supermassive Black Hole activity in the local Universe
• Comparison between the Luminosity functions of X-ray and [OIII] selected AGN
• LeMMINGs IV: The X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample
• Investigating the hard X-ray emission from the hottest Abell cluster A2163 with Suzaku
• Observational hints on the torus obscuring gas behaviour through X-rays with NuSTAR data
• A New Sample of Obscured AGNs Selected from the XMM-Newton and AKARI Surveys
• The inner view of NGC 1052 using multiple X-ray observations
• Towards a More Complete Optical Census of Active Galactic Nuclei, Via Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopy
• Serendipitous discovery of a strong-lensed galaxy in integral field spectroscopy from MUSE

Cited by in corpus (7)

• A Cigale module tailored (not only) for Low-Luminosity AGN
• JWST reveals the diversity of nuclear obscuring dust in nearby AGN: nuclear isolation of MIRI/MRS datacubes and continuum spectral fitting
• MAMBO -- An empirical galaxy and AGN mock catalogue for the exploitation of future surveys
• The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Star formation relationships for galaxies at different stages of their evolution
• The EDGE-CALIFA survey: The effect of active galactic nucleus feedback on the integrated properties of galaxies at different stages of their evolution
• Beyond diagnostic-diagrams: A critical exploration on the classification of ionization processes
• GalSBI-SPS: a stellar population synthesis-based galaxy population model for cosmology and galaxy evolution applications