Cosmological Evolution of Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods

Abstract

Multi-wavelength analyses of spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provide useful information on the physical processes in the accretion disk and jets of black holes. This, however, is limited to bright sources and may not represent the population as a whole. Another approach is through the investigation of the cosmological evolution of the luminosity function (LF) that shows varied evolution (luminosity and density) at different wavelengths. These differences and the correlations between luminosities can shed light on the Jet-accretion disk connection. Most such studies use forward fitting parametric methods that involve several functions and many parameters. We use non-parametric, non-binning methods developed by Efron and Petrosian, and Lynden-Bell, for obtaining unbiased description of the evolution of the LF, from data truncated by observational selection effects. We present analysis of the evolution of gamma-ray LF of blazars with main focus on flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). This requires analysis of both gamma-ray and optical data, essential for redshift measurements, and a description of the joint LF. We use a new approach which divides the sample into two sub-samples, each with its own flux limit. We use the Fermi-LAT and GAIA observations, and present results on the gamma-ray LF and its evolution, and determine the intrinsic correlation between the gamma-ray and optical luminosities corrected for the well known false correlation induced by their similar redshift dependence and evolution of the two luminosities. We also present a direct estimation of the contribution of blazars to the spectrum of the extragalactic gamma-ray background.

arXiv comment46 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• New evidence of multiple channels for the origin of gamma-ray bursts with extended emission
• Revisiting the energy distribution and formation rate of CHIME fast radio bursts
• The Formation Rate and Luminosity Function of Fast X-ray transients from Einstein probe
• Cosmological Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts and The Star Formation Rate
• Mass function of stellar black holes as revealed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observations
• Detection of Low-Redshift Excess in Supernova-Linked Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Source Count Distribution of Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Using Novel Nonparametric Methods