Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures

Abstract

Current-induced spin torques are of great interest to manipulate the orientation of nanomagnets without applying external magnetic fields. They find direct application in non-volatile data storage and logic devices, and provide insight into fundamental processes related to the interdependence between charge and spin transport. Recent demonstrations of magnetization switching induced by in-plane current injection in ferromagnetic heterostructures have drawn attention to a class of spin torques based on orbital-to-spin momentum transfer, which is alternative to pure spin transfer torque (STT) between noncollinear magnetic layers and amenable to more diversified device functions. Due to the limited number of studies, however, there is still no consensus on the symmetry, magnitude, and origin of spin-orbit torques (SOTs). Here we report on the quantitative vector measurement of SOTs in Pt/Co/AlO trilayers using harmonic analysis of the anomalous and planar Hall effects as a function of the applied current and magnetization direction. We provide an all-purpose scheme to measure the amplitude and direction of SOTs for any arbitrary orientation of the magnetization, including corrections due to the interplay of Hall and thermoelectric effects. Based on general space and time inversion symmetry arguments, we show that asymmetric heterostructures allow for two different SOTs having odd and even behavior with respect to magnetization reversal. Our results reveal a scenario that goes beyond established models of the Rashba and spin Hall contributions to SOTs. The even SOT is STT-like but stronger than expected from the spin Hall effect in Pt. The odd SOT is composed of a constant field-like term and an additional component, which is strongly anisotropic and does not correspond to a simple Rashba field.

Supplementary Informations follows Paper in the .pdf file

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• Growth, strain and spin orbit torques in epitaxial NiMnSb films sputtered on GaAs
• Magnetization dynamics driven by angle-dependent spin-orbit spin transfer torque
• Generation and detection of dissipationless spin current in MgO/Si bilayer
• Angular dependence of spin-orbit torque in monolayer $F{e}_{3}GeT{e}_2$
• Chiral-induced switching of antiferromagnet spins in a confined nanowire
• Single device offset-free magnetic field sensing principle with tunable sensitivity and linear range based on spin-orbit-torques
• The Role of Self-Torques in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/Ferromagnet Bilayers
• Spin current generation from an epitaxial tungsten dioxide WO${}_2$
• Temperature dependence of spin-orbit torque effective fields in the diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As
• Optical detection of spin orbit torque and current induced heating
• Spin-orbit torques and magnetization switching in Gd/Fe multilayers generated by current injection in NiCu alloys
• Co-sputtered PtMnSb thin films and PtMnSb/Pt bilayers for spin-orbit torque investigations
• Spin orbit effects in CoFeB/MgO hetereostructures with heavy metal underlayers
• Theory of the Anomalous Tunnel Hall Effect at Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Junctions
• Measurement of magnetic field induced by spin-accumulated electrons in a FeCoB nanomagnet
• Parametric resonance of spin waves in ferromagnetic nanowires tuned by spin Hall torque
• Large amplitude vortex gyration in Permalloy/Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$-like heterostructures
• Spin-orbit-torque MRAM: from uniaxial to unidirectional switching
• Parametric mechanism of the magnetization reversal as a low-power recording mechanism for MRAM. Measurement of spin-accumulation-induced in-plane magnetic field in a FeB nanomagnet
• Effect of magnons on the temperature dependence and anisotropy of spin-orbit torque
• Theory of in-plane current induced spin torque in metal/ferromagnet bilayers
• Uniform magnetization dynamics of a submicron ferromagnetic coin driven by the spin-orbit coupled spin torque
• Detection of field-free magnetization switching through thermoelectric effect in Ta/Pt/Co/Pt with significant spin-orbit torque and competing spin currents
• Diversified Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida Interactions in a Nonsymmorphic Crystal
• Magnetoresistance originated from charge-spin conversion in ferromagnet
• Strong Spin-Orbit Torque effect on magnetic defects due to topological surface state electrons in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Electron-magnon spin conversion and magnonic spin pumping in antiferromagnet/heavy metal heterostructure
• Threshold current of field-free perpendicular magnetization switching using anomalous spin-orbit torque
• Full Electrical Switching of a Freestanding Ferrimagnetic Metal for Energy-Efficient Bipolar Neuromorphic Computing
• Selective multiple domain wall injection using spin-orbit torque
• Cluster magnetic octupole induced out-of-plane spin polarization in antiperovskite antiferromagnet
• Magnetization Dynamics driven by Non-equilibrium Spin-Orbit Coupled Electron Gas
• Out-of-plane auto-oscillation in spin Hall oscillator with additional polarizer
• Alternative understanding of the skyrmion Hall effect based on one-dimensional domain wall motion
• Investigation of spin orbit torque driven dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures
• The interfacial nature of proximity induced magnetism and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at the Pt/Co interface
• Effect of crystallinity on spin-orbit torque in 5$\text{d}$ iridium oxide IrO${}_2$
• Antiferromagnetic multi-level memory cell
• Alternating Current-induced Interfacial Spin-transfer Torque
• Leveraging symmetry for an accurate spin-orbit torques characterization in ferrimagnetic insulators
• Current driven second harmonic domain wall resonance in ferromagnetic metal/ nonmagnetic metal bilayer: a field-free method for spin Hall angle measurements
• Localized segregation of gold in ultra-thin Fe films on Au(001)
• Bilinear magnetoresistance in topological insulators: role of magnetic disorder
• Control of spin-orbit torque-driven domain nucleation through geometry in chirally coupled magnetic tracks
• Current-Induced Instability of a Perpendicular Ferromagnet in Spin Hall Geometry
• Ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torques in Pt\Co\AlOx
• Spin-orbit torques in strained PtMnSb from first principles
• Equilibrium current vortices in rare-earth-doped simple metals
• Interface control of the magnetic chirality in TaN|CoFeB|MgO heterosctructures
• Reconciling Kubo and Keldysh Approaches to Fermi-Sea-Dependent Nonequilibrium Observables: Application to Spin Hall Current and Spin-Orbit Torque in Spintronics
• Hanle effect in current induced spin orientation
• Spin-orbit torque: Moving towards two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
• Oscillatory spin-orbit torque switching induced by field-like torques
• Electronic Impurity Scattering Induced Spin Accumulation in Metallic Thin Films
• Cubic-in-magnetization contributions to the magneto-optic Kerr effect investigated for Ni(001) and Ni(111) thin films
• Anisotropy and Current Control of Magnetization in SrRuO${}_3$ SrTiO${}_3$ Heterostructures for Spin-Memristors
• Odd symmetry planar Hall effect: A method of detecting current-induced in-plane magnetization switching
• Spin Hall torque driven chiral domain walls in magnetic heterostructures
• Experimental determination of the orientation of tilted magnetic anisotropy by measuring Hall voltage
• Large spin Hall magnetoresistance and its correlation to the spin-orbit torque in W/CoFeB/MgO structures
• Collective spin dynamics under dissipative spin Hall torque
• Inductive detection of inverse spin-orbit torques in magnetic heterostructures
• Current-induced spin-orbit torque on the surface of a transition metal dichalcogenide connected to a two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI${}_3$: Effects of twisting and gating
• Josephson-like magnetic tunnel junction -- transition from classical to quantum regime
• Out-of-plane angle resolved second harmonic Hall analysis in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy systems
• Analytical expression for the harmonic Hall voltages in evaluating spin orbit torques
• Charge-to-spin conversion in epitaxial and polycrystalline Bi and Bi/Ag layers
• Enhanced spin-orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
• Deterministic Switching of Perpendicular Ferromagnets by Higher harmonics of Spin-orbit Torque in Noncentrosymmetric Weyl Semimetals
• Topological Spin-Orbit Torque in Ferrimagnetic Weyl Semimetal
• Generating unconventional spin-orbit torques with patterned phase gradients in tungsten thin films
• Unidirectional magnetoresistance and spin-orbit torque in NiMnSb
• Polar and quadratic magneto-optical Kerr effects in nonmagnetic/ferromagnet bilayers for spin-orbit torque measurements
• Modulation of field-like spin orbit torque in heavy metal / ferromagnet heterostructure
• Spin-orbit torque in Pt/CoNiCo/Pt symmetric devices
• Large spin-charge interconversion induced by interfacial spin-orbit coupling in a highly conducting all-metallic system
• Spin structure of Graphene/Pt interface for spin current formation and induced magnetization in deposited (Ni-Fe)-nanodots
• Coherent Sub-Nanosecond Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by the Field-like Spin-Orbit Torque without an External Magnetic Field
• Proximity spin-orbit coupling in graphene on alloyed transition metal dichalcogenides
• A new route to spin-orbit torque engineering via oxygen manipulation
• Spin-Orbit Torque and Magnetization Switching in 2D Ferromagnetic Devices