First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: The evolution of stellar and gaseous disks across cosmic time

Abstract

We present a new cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation for galaxy formation: TNG50, the third and final installment of the IllustrisTNG project. TNG50 evolves 2x2160^3 dark-matter particles and gas cells in a volume 50 comoving Mpc across. It hence reaches a numerical resolution typical of zoom-in simulations, with a baryonic element mass of 8.5x10^4 Msun and an average cell size of 70-140 parsecs in the star-forming regions of galaxies. Simultaneously, TNG50 samples ~700 (6,500) galaxies with stellar masses above 10^10 (10^8) Msun at z=1. Here we investigate the structural and kinematical evolution of star-forming galaxies across cosmic time (0 < z < 6). We quantify their sizes, disk heights, 3D shapes, and degree of rotational vs. dispersion-supported motions as traced by rest-frame V-band light (i.e. roughly stellar mass) and by Halpha light (i.e. star-forming and dense gas). The unprecedented resolution of TNG50 enables us to model galaxies with sub-kpc half-light radii and with <300-pc disk heights. Coupled with the large-volume statistics, we characterize a diverse, redshift- and mass-dependent structural and kinematical morphological mix of galaxies all the way to early epochs. Our model predicts that for star-forming galaxies the fraction of disk-like morphologies, based on 3D stellar shapes, increases with both cosmic time and galaxy stellar mass. Gas kinematics reveal that the vast majority of 10^9-11.5 Msun star-forming galaxies are rotationally-supported disks for most cosmic epochs (Vmax/sigma>2-3, z<5), being dynamically hotter at earlier epochs (z>1.5). Despite large velocity dispersion at high redshift, cold and dense gas in galaxies predominantly arranges in disky or elongated shapes at all times and masses; these gaseous components exhibit rotationally-dominated motions far exceeding the collisionless stellar bodies.

arXiv commentMNRAS. Highlights: Figures 9, 14, 15. See companion paper by Nelson et al. 2019b. Visuals at http://www.tng-project.org

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• Modeling the kinematics of globular cluster systems
• CLEAR: The Evolution of Spatially Resolved Star Formation in Galaxies between $0.5\lesssim z\lesssim 1.7$ using H$\alpha$ Emission Line Maps
• Galaxy Formation in the Santa Cruz semi-analytic model compared with IllustrisTNG -- I. Galaxy scaling relations, dispersions, and residuals at z=0
• The MillenniumTNG Project: Semi-analytic galaxy formation models on the past lightcone
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XIV. The main sequence relation in a rich environment down to M_star ~ 10^6 Mo
• High-resolution synthetic UV-submm images for Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies from the ARTEMIS project
• KURVS: The outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of $z\sim 1.5$ star-forming galaxies
• Nonparametric galaxy morphology from UV to submm wavelengths
• Cosmic metal density evolution in neutral gas: insights from observations and cosmological simulations
• A twisted and precessing Cepheid warp in the outer Milky Way disc
• The atomic-to-molecular hydrogen transition in the TNG50 simulation: Using realistic UV fields to create spatially resolved HI maps
• Unveiling the nature of 11 dusty star-forming galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation history
• Impact of gas spin and Lyman-Werner flux on black hole seed formation in cosmological simulations: implications for direct collapse
• A hidden population of massive black holes in simulated dwarf galaxies
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: Discovery of a massive, highly star-forming and morphologically complex ULIRG at $z=7.31$
• What boost galaxy mergers in two massive galaxy protoclusters at z = 2.24
• iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs. I. Construction and analysis of the mock data cubes
• SDSS-IV MaNGA : spatial resolved properties of kinematically misaligned galaxies
• The dawn of disks: unveiling the turbulent ionised gas kinematics of the galaxy population at $z\sim 4-6$ with JWST/NIRCam grism spectroscopy
• Gas-phase metallicity break radii of star-forming galaxies in IllustrisTNG
• Baryonic mass budgets for haloes in the EAGLE simulation, including ejected and prevented gas
• Hot and counter-rotating star-forming disk galaxies in IllustrisTNG and their real-world counterparts
• Stochastic Modelling of Star Formation Histories III. Constraints from Physically-Motivated Gaussian Processes
• Star Formation and AGN Feedback in the Local Universe: Combining LOFAR and MaNGA
• High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling V. A detailed model of the M51 interacting pair
• Infrared luminosity functions and dust mass functions in the EAGLE simulation
• Evolution of Disc Thickness in Simulated High-Redshift Galaxies
• New Analytic Solutions for Galaxy Evolution II: Wind Recycling, Galactic Fountains and Late-Type Galaxies
• Efficient long-range AGN feedback affects the low redshift Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Dynamics of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Wandering in the Milky Way Galaxy Using the Illustris TNG50 Simulation
• The Formation History of Subhalos and the Evolution of Satellite Galaxies
• Realistic HI scale heights of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIREbox cosmological volume
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing II: constraints on the density profiles of two detected subhaloes
• Ultraviolet Signatures of the Multiphase Intracluster and Circumgalactic Media in the RomulusC Simulation
• The Bimodal Absorption System Imaging Campaign (BASIC) I. A Dual Population of Low-metallicity Absorbers at z $<1$
• The In-situ Origins of Dwarf Stellar Outskirts in FIRE-2
• Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
• Importance of Mock Observations in Validating Galaxy Properties for Cosmological Simulations
• The cosmic web in Lyman-alpha emission
• Messenger Monte-Carlo MAPPINGS V (M^3) -- A self-consistent three-dimensional photoionization code
• Did the Milky Way just light up? The recent star formation history of the Galactic disc
• Ionizing photon production and escape fractions during cosmic reionization in the TNG50 simulation
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. V: Satellite Galaxy Populations In A Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation of A Milky Way-mass Halo
• Merger histories of brightest group galaxies from MUSE stellar kinematics
• Cooling flows around cold clouds in the circumgalactic medium: steady-state models & comparison with TNG50
• The local PNG bias of neutral Hydrogen, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{I}}$
• Resonant scattering of the OVII X-ray emission line in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies
• The buildup of galaxies and their spheroids: the contributions of mergers, disc instabilities and star formation
• The low redshift Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest as a constraint for models of AGN feedback
• The IllustrisTNG Simulations: Public Data Release
• Galaxy morphologies at cosmic noon with JWST: A foundation for exploring gas transport with bars and spiral arms
• Effects of feedback on galaxies in the VELA simulations: elongation, clumps and compaction
• Modeling globular clusters in the TNG50 simulation: predictions from dwarfs to giants
• Relic galaxy analogues in Illustris TNG50: the formation pathways of surviving red nuggets in a cosmological simulation
• Global dynamic scaling relations of HI-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies
• The building up of observed stellar scaling relations of massive galaxies and the connection to black hole growth in the TNG50 simulation
• There and back again: understanding the critical properties of backsplash galaxies
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey XVI. The angular momentum of low-mass star-forming galaxies. A cautionary tale and insights from TNG50
• Supermassive black hole fueling in IllustrisTNG: Impact of environment
• Catalogue of model star clusters in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: The environmental impact on gas metallicity gradients in Fornax cluster galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The role of disc fading and progenitor bias in kinematic transitions
• Probing the Star Formation Main Sequence down to $10^8$ M${}_{\odot }$ at $1.0<z<3.0$
• The THESAN project: Lyman-alpha emitter luminosity function calibration
• The evolutionary pathways of disk galaxies with different sizes
• Towards precise galaxy evolution: a comparison between spectral indices of $z\sim 1$ galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation and the LEGA-C survey
• Quantifying the stellar ages of dynamically separated bulges and disks of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• Stellar kinematics in the nuclear regions of nearby LIRGs with VLT-SINFONI. Comparison with gas phases and implications for dynamical mass estimations
• Inferring the Morphology of Stellar Distribution in TNG50: Twisted and Twisted-Stretched shapes
• Impact of gas based seeding on supermassive black hole populations at $z\ge 7$
• ART${}^2$: A 3D Parallel Multi-wavelength Radiative Transfer Code for Continuum and Atomic and Molecular Lines
• Understanding the early stages of galaxy formation using very metal-poor stars from the Hamburg/ESO survey
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6
• Pattern speed evolution of barred galaxies in TNG50
• The Physical Origin of the Mass-Size Relation and Its Scatter of Disk Galaxies
• Unveiling the origins of galactic bars: insights from barred and unbarred galaxies
• Lopsided Galaxies in a cosmological context: a new galaxy-halo connection
• Not All Subhaloes Are Created Equal: Modelling the Diversity of Subhalo Density Profiles in TNG50
• The Origin of Stars in the Inner 500 Parsecs in TNG50 Galaxies
• Dynamical structure of small bulges reveals their early formation in ΛCDM paradigm
• The dispersion measure and rotation measure from fast radio burst host galaxies based on the IllustrisTNG50 simulation
• The formation pathways of compact elliptical galaxies
• The impact of baryons on the internal structure of dark matter haloes from dwarf galaxies to superclusters in the redshift range 0<z<7
• Merger Histories and Environments of Dwarf AGN in IllustrisTNG
• ERGO-ML: Comparing IllustrisTNG and HSC galaxy images via contrastive learning
• iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs -- II. The catalogue
• MUSE-ALMA Halos XI: Gas flows in the circumgalactic medium
• On the likelihoods of finding very metal-poor (and old) stars in the Milky Way's disc, bulge, and halo
• The Origin of the Relation Between Stellar Angular Momentum and Stellar Mass in Nearby Disk-dominated galaxies
• Tidally induced velocity gradients in the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellites
• Planting a Lyman alpha forest on AbacusSummit
• On the Impact of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation on Derived Star Formation Histories: Results from Disk Galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Fields
• Baryonic Imprints on DM Halos: The concentration-mass relation in the CAMELS simulations
• How the Galaxy-Halo Connection Depends on Large-Scale Environment
• Empirical derivation of the metallicity evolution with time and radius using TNG50 Milky Way/Andromeda analogues
• Starbursts with suppressed velocity dispersion revealed in a forming cluster at z=2.51
• Predicting the water content of interstellar objects from galactic star formation histories
• Accelerated quenching and chemical enhancement of massive galaxies in a $z\sim 4$ gas-rich halo
• The Stellar Mass Assembly of Low Redshift, Massive, Central Galaxies in SDSS and the TNG300 simulation
• Clouds accreting from the IGM are not able to feed the star formation of low-redshift disc galaxies
• The underlying radial acceleration relation
• A new perspective on the stellar Mass-Metallicity Relation of quiescent galaxies from the LEGA-C survey
• On the evolution of the size of Lyman alpha halos across cosmic time: no change in the circumgalactic gas distribution when probed by line emission
• IllustrisTNG Insights: Factors Affecting the Presence of Bars in Disk Galaxies
• NGC 1436: the making of a lenticular galaxy in the Fornax cluster
• The Effect of Cosmic Rays on the Observational Properties of the CGM
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Dust emission effective radius up to 3 kpc in the Early Universe
• Translators of galaxy morphology indicators between observation and simulation
• Evolution of the radial ISM metallicity gradient in the Milky Way disk since redshift $\approx 3$
• Galaxy formation physics behind bar formation: A view from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) XV. The Halpha luminosity function of the Virgo cluster
• The Column Densities of Molecular Gas across Cosmic Time: Bridging Observations and Simulations
• HI within and around observed and simulated galaxy discs -- Comparing MeerKAT observations with mock data from TNG50 and FIRE-2
• Resolved Stellar Mass Maps of Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Evidence for Mass Dependency in Environmental Quenching
• Satellite Alignment: III. Satellite Galaxies Spatial Distribution and their Dependence on Redshift with A Novel Galaxy Finder
• Disk flaring with TNG50: diversity across Milky Way and M31 analogs
• Exploring Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos with Diverse Baryonic Distributions: A Parametric Approach
• The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
• The JWST view of the barred galaxy population in the SMACS0723 galaxy cluster
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• The hot gas mass fraction in halos. From Milky Way-like groups to massive clusters
• MOSEL Survey: Extremely weak outflows in EoR analogues at z=3-4
• Orbital and Radiative Properties of Wandering Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the ASTRID Simulation
• The anisotropy of the power spectrum in periodic cosmological simulations
• Impact of uncertainties in the halo velocity profile on direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter
• Exploring Spatially-Resolved Metallicities, Dynamics and Outflows in Low-Mass Galaxies at $z\sim 7.6$
• Where are the extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way and Andromeda? Expectations from TNG50
• Modelling Dark Matter Halo Spin using Observations and Simulations: application to UGC 5288
• ALMA 300 pc resolution imaging of a z=6.79 quasar: no evidence for supermassive black hole influence on the [C II] kinematics
• Average X-ray properties of galaxy groups. From Milky Way-like halos to massive clusters
• Frequency of the dark matter subhalo collisions and bifurcation sequence arising formation of dwarf galaxies
• Mock Galaxy Surveys for HST and JWST from the IllustrisTNG Simulations
• Evolution of the Sérsic Index up to z=2.5 from JWST and HST
• Kinematic analysis of $\mathbf{z}=4.3$ galaxies in the SPT2349$-$56 protocluster core
• Connection between galaxy morphology and dark-matter halo structure I: a running threshold for thin discs and size predictors from the dark sector
• Census of Gaseous Satellites around Local Spiral Galaxies
• The Star-Formation Properties of the Observed and Simulated AGN Universe: BAT vs EAGLE
• Extragalactic Stellar Tidal Streams: Observations meet Simulation
• AGN and Star Formation at Cosmic Noon: Comparison of Data to Theoretical Models
• Early-Type Galaxies: Elliptical and S0 Galaxies, or Fast and Slow Rotators
• Star formation history and transition epoch of cluster galaxies based on the Horizon-AGN simulation
• The Magellanic Clouds are very rare in the IllustrisTNG simulations
• Can the Low Redshift Lyman Alpha Forest Constrain AGN Feedback Models?
• Over-massive Central Black Holes in the Cosmological Simulations ASTRID and Illustris TNG50
• Effects of dust sources on dust attenuation properties in IllustrisTNG galaxies at $z\sim 7$
• iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs. -- III. Stellar metallicity drivers in MaNGA and TNG50
• Formation and fate of low metallicity stars in IllustrisTNG50
• Disk galaxies are self-similar: the universality of the HI-to-Halo mass ratio for isolated disks
• Tidal features and disc thicknesses of edge-on galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82
• Probing galaxy evolution from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$ through galaxy scaling relations in three L-Galaxies flavours
• First results from SMAUG: Insights into star formation conditions from spatially-resolved ISM properties in TNG50
• Assessing Mass Loss and Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Satellite Galaxies: A Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Approach Utilizing DECaLS DR8 Data
• The quasi-adiabatic relaxation of haloes in the IllustrisTNG and EAGLE cosmological simulations
• Learned Interferometric Imaging for the SPIDER Instrument
• CosTuuM: polarized thermal dust emission by magnetically oriented spheroidal grains
• Resolution criteria to avoid artificial clumping in Lagrangian hydrodynamic simulations with a multi-phase interstellar medium
• Emergence of Galactic Morphologies at Cosmic Dawn: Input from Numerical Modeling
• What drives the corpulence of galaxies? I. The formation of central compact dwarf galaxies in TNG50
• On the Origin of High-velocity Clouds in the Galaxy
• Addressing via N-body simulations the distribution of the satellite tidal debris in the Milky Way environment
• Resolved star formation in TNG100 central and satellite galaxies
• Baryonic Effects on Lagrangian Clustering and Angular Momentum Reconstruction
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• HSC-CLAUDS survey: The star formation rate functions since z ~ 2 and comparison with hydrodynamical simulations
• JWST + ALMA ubiquitously discover companion systems within $\lesssim 18$kpc around four $z$$\approx$3.5 luminous radio-loud AGN
• Mass-morphology relation of TNG50 galaxies
• Overmassive black holes in the early Universe can be explained by gas-rich, dark matter-dominated galaxies
• Redshift dependence of FRB host dispersion measures across cosmic epochs
• The survival of stellar discs in Fornax-like environments, from TNG50 to real galaxies
• Spin speed correlations and the evolution of galaxy-halo systems
• The morphology of star-forming gas and its alignment with galaxies and dark matter haloes in the EAGLE simulations
• Bar formation in submaximal discs: a challenge for ΛCDM
• MaNGA DynPop -- VI. Matter density slopes from dynamical models of 6000 galaxies versus cosmological simulations: the interplay between baryonic and dark matter
• On the robustness of the velocity anisotropy parameter in probing the stellar kinematics in Milky Way like galaxies: Take away from TNG50 simulation
• Euclid preparation. LXVIII. Extracting physical parameters from galaxies with machine learning
• Quenched, bulge-dominated, but dynamically cold galaxies in IllustrisTNG and their real-world counterparts
• The diverse physical origins of stars in the dynamically hot bulge: CALIFA vs. IllustrisTNG
• The KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS): Kinematics and clumpiness of low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon
• On the Tremaine-Weinberg method: how much can we trust gas tracers to measure pattern speeds?
• The perils of stacking optically selected groups in eROSITA data. The Magneticum perspective
• Simulated [CII] in high-z galaxies
• Improving Black Hole Accretion Treatment in Hydrodynamical Simulations
• Spiral arms and the angular momentum gap in Milky Way Cepheids
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Extended [CII] emission in an interacting galaxy system at z ~ 5.5
• No Evolution in the Half-mass Radius of Milky Way-type Galaxies over the Last 10 Gyr
• Are early-type galaxies quenched by present-day environment? A study of dwarfs in the Fornax Cluster
• Cosmological Simulations of Stellar Halos with Gaia Sausage-Enceladus Analogues: Two Sausages, One Bun?
• Two Channels of Metal-Rich Compact Stellar System Formation: Starbursts under High Ram Pressure versus Tidal Stripping
• The Differential Assembly History of the Centers and Outskirts of Main Sequence Galaxies at $z\sim 2.3$
• The redshift evolution of galactic bar pattern speed in TNG50
• Influence of mergers on LyC escape of high redshift galaxies
• Turbulent gas-rich discs at high redshift: origin of thick stellar discs through 3D 'baryon sloshing'
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• SHARP -- IX. The dense, low-mass perturbers in B1938+666 and J0946+1006: implications for cold and self-interacting dark matter
• The effects of the orbital configurations of mergers on reshaping galaxy structures
• Galaxy Zoo JWST: Up to 75% of discs are featureless at $3<z<7$
• Test of Cosmic Web-feeding Model for Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters in the COSMOS Field
• Searching for cold gas traced by MgII quasar absorbers in massive X-ray-selected galaxy clusters
• Evolution of 3-dimensional Shape of Passively Evolving and Star-forming Galaxies at $z<1$
• Decomposing galaxies with BANG: an automated morpho-kinematical decomposition of the SDSS-DR17 MaNGA survey
• Unexpected clustering pattern in dwarf galaxies challenges formation models
• Isolated dark matter deprived galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations: real objects or artefacts?
• Cosmic reflections I: the structural diversity of simulated and observed low-mass galaxy analogues
• The dark side of early galaxies: $\text{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim 4-6$
• Dark Matter Velocity Distributions for Direct Detection: Astrophysical Uncertainties are Smaller Than They Appear
• Beyond the stars: Linking H$\alpha$ sizes, kinematics, and star formation in galaxies at $z\approx 4-6$ with JWST grism surveys and $\text{geko}$
• Prospects for detecting cosmic filaments in Lyman-alpha emission across redshifts $z=2-5$
• The low-surface-brightness Universe: a new frontier in the study of galaxy evolution
• What Drives Cluster Cool-Core Transformations? A Population Level Analysis of TNG-Cluster
• Flattening of dark matter cusps during mergers: model of M31
• The effects of environment on galaxies' dynamical structures: From simulations to observations
• Local variations of the Stellar Velocity Ellipsoid-I: the disc of galaxies in the Auriga simulations
• A Sagittarius-like simulated dwarf spheroidal galaxy from TNG50
• Investigating cosmic strings using large-volume hydrodynamical simulations in the context of JWST's massive UV-bright galaxies
• Unraveling emission line galaxy conformity at z~1 with DESI early data
• On the kinematic nature of apparent discs at high redshifts: Local counterparts are not dominated by ordered rotation but by tangentially anisotropic random motion
• The contribution of faint Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters to extended Lyman-$\alpha$ halos constrained by MUSE clustering measurements
• The multi-wavelength Tully-Fisher relation in the TNG50 cosmological simulation
• Dynamic Zoom Simulations: a fast, adaptive algorithm for simulating lightcones
• Euclid preparation. Spatially resolved stellar populations of local galaxies with Euclid: a proof of concept using synthetic images with the TNG50 simulation
• Spin alignment around TNG300-1 voids
• A statistical study of lopsided galaxies using random forest
• Quantifying the Impact of Incompleteness on Identifying and Interpreting Galaxy Protocluster Populations with the TNG-Cluster Simulation
• Self-Similar Buildup and Inside-Out Growth: Tracing the Evolution of Intermediate to High-Mass Star-Forming Galaxies Since $z=2$
• The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$\alpha$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir
• Diving into dangerous tides: The impact of galaxy cluster tidal environments on satellite galaxy mass densities
• Jellyfish galaxies with the IllustrisTNG simulations -- Supermassive black hole activity in dense environments with ram-pressure stripped satellites
• Tiny galaxies and dark substructures: exploring the "dark" subhaloes in TNG50
• Introducing cosmosTNG: simulating galaxy formation with constrained realizations of the COSMOS field
• Cosmological boost factor for dark matter annihilation at redshifts of $z=10$-$100$ using the power spectrum approach
• A Vertically Orientated Dark Matter Halo Marks a Flip of the Galactic Disk
• Differences in the Physical Properties of Satellite Galaxies within Relaxed and Disturbed Galaxy Groups and Clusters
• Andromeda's asymmetric satellite system as a challenge to cold dark matter cosmology
• TODDLERS: A New UV to Millimeter Emission Library for Star-Forming Regions. II. Star Formation Rate Indicators Using Auriga Zoom Simulations
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XVI: Size Evolution of Massive Dusty Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from UV to IR
• IllustrisTNG in the HSC-SSP: No Shortage of Thin Disk Galaxies in TNG50
• Is there a dwarf galaxy satellite-of-satellite problem in $\Lambda$CDM?
• First resolved stellar halo kinematics of a MW-mass galaxy outside the Local Group: A flat counter-rotating halo in NGC 4945
• The Environment of Lyman Break Analogues (ELBA) survey: Star-forming galaxies in small groups
• Deciphering the Kinematic Substructure of Local Dark Matter with LAMOST K Giants
• Baryonic Imprints on DM Halos: the concentration-mass relation and its dependence on halo and galaxy properties
• A Rich Satellite Population of the NGC 4437 Group and Implications of a Magnitude Gap for Galaxy Group Assembly History
• Galaxy assembly bias and large-scale distribution: a comparison between IllustrisTNG and a semi-analytic model
• The effect of environment on the mass assembly history of the Milky Way and M31
• Modeling spatially-resolved galactic H$\alpha$ emission for galaxy clustering
• The role of triple evolution in the formation of LISA double white dwarfs
• Robust machine learning model of inferring the ex-situ stellar fraction of galaxies from photometric data
• The spatially-resolved effect of mergers on the stellar mass assembly of MaNGA galaxies
• Reconciling the magnetic field in central disc galaxies with the dynamical mass using the cosmological simulations
• Physically motivated modeling of LyC escape fraction during reionization
• The "Little Dark Dot": Evidence for Self-interacting Dark Matter in the Strong Lens SDSS J0946+1006?
• Distinguishing the formation paths of massive compact ETGs through their internal dynamical structures
• A Shallow Slope for the Stellar Mass--Angular Momentum Relation of Star-Forming Galaxies at $1.5<z<2.5$
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations -- II. Constraining cosmology and astrophysical processes with early- and late-type galaxies
• Tracing the cosmological origin of gas that fuels in situ star formation in TNG50 galaxies
• A graph model for the clustering of dark matter halos
• Spin Alignment of Dark Matter Halos: Mad Halos
• On the Origin of the Variety of Velocity Dispersion Profiles of Galaxies
• The evolution of the barred galaxy population in the TNG50 simulation
• Astrophysical systematics in Kinematic Lensing: quantifying an Intrinsic Alignment analog
• Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) I. Physical drivers of the mass-size relation for Milky Way-like galaxies
• Negligible Effects of Baryons on the Angular Momentum Scaling Relations of Galactic Dark Matter Halos
• Parameterization of Stochasticity in Galaxy Clustering and Reconstruction of Tomographic Matter Clustering
• GalaxyGenius: Mock galaxy image generator for various telescopes from hydrodynamical simulations
• Applying a star formation model calibrated on high-resolution interstellar medium simulations to cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• Redshift and stellar mass dependence of intrinsic shapes of disc-dominated galaxies from COSMOS observations below $z=1.0$
• Environmental history of filament galaxies: stellar mass assembly and star-formation of filament galaxies
• A Conditional Abundance Matching Method of Extending Simulated Halo Merger Trees to Resolve Low-Mass Progenitors and Sub-halos
• COUGS-DESI: A Catalog of Unusual Galaxies with Polar Structures in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• A New View of Observed Galaxies through 3D Modelling and Visualisation
• Multiscale Cosmic Curvature: from Local Structures to Cosmology
• Zangetsu: A Candidate of Isolated, Quiescent, and Backsplash Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy in the COSMOS Field
• Numerical effects on the stripping of dark matter and stars in IllustrisTNG galaxy groups and clusters
• Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) II. The role of mergers in shaping the Milky Way analogues in TNG50
• The slope and scatter of the star forming main sequence at z~5 : reconciling observations with simulations
• Kinematical Fluctuations Vary with Galaxy Surface Mass Density
• Merger Tree-based Galaxy Matching: A Comparative Study Across Different Resolutions
• Line-of-Sight Velocity Projection Impact on the Local Group Mass
• Formation and evolution of boxy/peanut bulges in the Auriga cosmological simulations
• Accreted stars and stellar haloes of simulated galaxies in TNG50
• Signatures of simulated spiral arms on radial actions
• Magnetic fields in the intracluster medium with TNG-Cluster: properties, morphology, and tangential anisotropy
• The signature of galaxy formation models in the power spectrum of the hydrogen 21cm line during reionization
• Investigating chemical variations between interstellar gas clouds in the Solar neighbourhood
• Dissecting the mass quenching in TNG50: Galaxy size determines the quenching mode
• Constraining galactic baryon cycle using the galaxy stellar-to-halo mass relations
• Wind of Change: Faraday Rotation in a Simulated Large Magellanic Cloud
• Observational biases on rotation curves from IFU data at cosmic noon
• HI-bearing dark galaxies predictions from constrained Local Group simulations: how many and where to find them
• Disc instability and bar formation: view from the IllustrisTNG simulations
• The NewHorizon Simulation -- To Bar Or Not To Bar
• Early-type Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe. Evidence of Ex-situ Growth
• Azimuthal Misalignments in Stellar Warp Structure as Dynamical Tracers of Mergers in Milky Way-like Galaxies
• Resolved Neutral Outflow from a Lensed Dusty Star Forming Galaxy at z=2.09
• Hot accretion onto spiral galaxies: the origin of extended and warped HI discs
• ARCHITECTS I: Impact of subgrid physics on the simulated properties of the circumgalactic medium
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: Gas-phase abundance gradients of main sequence star-forming galaxies and their kinematics at $4<z<6$
• Constraints on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Graviton-Photon Conversion in the M87 Galaxy
• Overmassive and Undermassive Massive Black Holes: The Role of Environment and Gravitational-Wave Recoils
• A search for cold molecular outflows in cosmic noon galaxies
• Boxy/Peanut Bulges: Comparative Analysis of EGIPS Galaxies and TNG50 Models
• The Tremaine-Weinberg method at high redshifts
• Revisiting Galaxy Cluster Scaling Relations through Dark Matter-Gas Coherence: Scatter Dependence on Dynamical State
• 3D intrinsic shapes of quiescent galaxies in observations and simulations
• The assembly history of NGC 1365 through chemical archaeology
• Establishing the impact of powerful AGN on their host galaxies
• Quadrupole signature as a kinematic diagnostic to constrain bar properties : implications for the Milky Way
• Using two point correlation functions to understand the assembly histories of Milky Way-like galaxies
• The abundance and origin of cool gas in galaxy clusters in the TNG-Cluster simulation
• Lyman-alpha at Cosmic Noon II: The relationship between kinematics and Lyman-alpha in z~2-3 Lyman Break Galaxies
• Bridging Simulations and Observations: New Insights into Galaxy Formation Simulations via Out-of-Distribution Detection and Bayesian Model Comparison
• The PARADIGM project II: The lifetimes and quenching of satellites in Milky Way-mass haloes
• Quantitative Morphology of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Optical Imaging
• Orbit-based structural decomposition and stellar population recovery for edge-on barred galaxies
• Two-phase formation of galaxies: the coevolution between galaxies and dark matter halos
• The History of Galaxy Mergers in IllustrisTNG
• Three Models of the Gravitational Potential of the Milky Way
• Mesoscopic Energy Ranking Constraints in the IllustrisTNG Simulations
• Exploring the effect of baryons on the radial distribution of satellite galaxies with GAMA and IllustrisTNG
• Mainly on the Plane: Observing the Extended, Ionized Disks of Milky Way Analogs in IllustrisTNG
• Tidal Structures Around Edge-On Galaxies in Deep Imaging Surveys
• The tidal features of the classical Milky Way satellites: Expected in MOND but inconsistent with cold dark matter models
• Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) III. A numerical simulation view of satellites around Milky-Way analogues
• How to Build an Empirical Speed Distribution for Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood
• A Tilt in the Dark Matter Halo of the Galaxy
• FEASTS and MHONGOOSE: HI Column Density Distribution at $z=0$ for $N_{\mathrm{HI}}>10^{17.8}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}$
• Inferring the mass of the circumgalactic medium using X-ray resonant scattering
• First statistical constraints on galactic scale outflows properties traced by their extended Mg II emission with MUSE
• The Milky Way's Early Disk Was Built in Bursts. I. Evidence from Low-angular-momentum, High-$\alpha$ Stars Scattered Out of the Protodisk by Merger Events
• The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies -- IV. Molecular gas conditions and jet-ISM interaction in NGC3100
• High and low Sérsic index bulges in Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: origin and connection to the bar with TNG50
• Detection of Anisotropies in the Circumgalactic Medium of Disk Galaxies: Supermassive Black Hole Activity or Star Formation-driven Outflows?
• Islands in Simulated Cosmos: Probing the Hubble Flow around Groups and Clusters
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• The impact of radial migration on disk galaxy star formation histories: II. Role of bar strength, disk thickness, and merger history
• Dwarf Galaxy Number Counts within 25 Mpc: Predictions from Local Group Analogues in TNG50
• The dynamical lineage of ultra-diffuse galaxies from TNG50-1
• The detectability of bars at high redshift: a case study using Euclid-like mock observations of TNG50 simulated galaxies
• From simulations to observations. Methodology and data release of mock TNG50 galaxies at 0.3 < z < 0.7 for WEAVE-StePS
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations IV. Testing warm dark matter cosmologies with galaxy scaling relations: A joint simulation-observation study using DREAMS simulations
• Extreme Metallicity Dwarf Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• The frame-dragging vector potential on galaxy scales from Dark-Matter-only Newtonian $N$-body simulations
• Estimating the triaxiality of massive clusters from 2D observables in MillenniumTNG with machine learning
• MUSE-ALMA Haloes XIV: The ALMA Large Programme Data Release
• Kinematical small-scale fluctuations do not affect the measurement of the dynamical mass of galaxies
• A Simulation Driven Deep Learning Approach for Separating Mergers and Star Forming Galaxies: The Formation Histories of Clumpy Galaxies in all the CANDELS Fields
• Shape, alignment, and mass distribution of baryonic and dark-matter halos in one EAGLE simulation
• Spatially non-parametric recovery of intrinsic kinematic maps in pre- to post-merger galaxies
• The interplay between AGN feedback and precipitation of the intracluster medium in simulations of galaxy groups and clusters
• Unravelling the role of merger histories in the population of In situ stars: linking IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation to H3 survey