Predictions for local PNG bias in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum and the consequences for $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ constraints

Abstract

We use hydrodynamical separate universe simulations with the IllustrisTNG model to predict the local primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) bias parameters $b_{\varphi }$ and $b_{\varphi \delta }$, which enter at leading order in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum. This is the first time that $b_{\varphi \delta }$ is measured from either gravity-only or galaxy formation simulations. For dark matter halos, the popular assumption of universality overpredicts the $b_{\varphi \delta }(b_1)$ relation in the range $1\lesssim b_1\lesssim 3$ by up to $\Delta b_{\varphi \delta }\sim 3$ ($b_1$ is the linear density bias). The adequacy of the universality relation is worse for the simulated galaxies, with the relations $b_{\varphi }(b_1)$ and $b_{\varphi \delta }(b_1)$ being generically redshift-dependent and very sensitive to how galaxies are selected (we test total, stellar and black hole mass, black hole mass accretion rate and color). The uncertainties on $b_{\varphi }$ and $b_{\varphi \delta }$ have a direct, often overlooked impact on the constraints of the local PNG parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$, which we study and discuss. For a survey with $V=100{\mathrm{Gpc}}^3/h^3$ at $z=1$, uncertainties $\Delta b_{\varphi }\lesssim 1$ and $\Delta b_{\varphi \delta }\lesssim 5$ around values close to the fiducial can yield relatively unbiased constraints on $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ using power spectrum and bispectrum data. We also show why priors on galaxy bias are useful even in analyses that fit for products $f_{\mathrm{NL}}{b}_{\varphi }$ and $f_{\mathrm{NL}}{b}_{\varphi \delta }$. The strategies we discuss to deal with galaxy bias uncertainties can be straightforwardly implemented in existing $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ constraint analyses (we provide fits for some of the bias relations). Our results motivate more works with galaxy formation simulations to refine our understanding of $b_{\varphi }$ and $b_{\varphi \delta }$ towards improved constraints on $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$.

arXiv comment18 pages + 2 appendices; 8 figures. Comments welcomed! v2: added references and the new Fig. 6 with an additional forecast (same conclusions). v3: minor comments added following the referee report

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