A hole spin qubit in a fin field-effect transistor above 4 kelvin

Abstract

The greatest challenge in quantum computing is achieving scalability. Classical computing previously faced a scalability issue, solved with silicon chips hosting billions of fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs). These FinFET devices are small enough for quantum applications: at low temperatures, an electron or hole trapped under the gate serves as a spin qubit. Such an approach potentially allows the quantum hardware and its classical control electronics to be integrated on the same chip. However, this requires qubit operation at temperatures above 1K, where the cooling overcomes heat dissipation. Here, we show that silicon FinFETs can host spin qubits operating above 4K. We achieve fast electrical control of hole spins with driving frequencies up to 150MHz, single-qubit gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold, and a Rabi oscillation quality factor greater than 87. Our devices feature both industry compatibility and quality, and are fabricated in a flexible and agile way that should accelerate further development.

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Cited by in corpus (96)

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• Recent advances in hole-spin qubits
• Hole spin driving by strain-induced spin-orbit interactions
• Low charge noise quantum dots with industrial CMOS manufacturing
• Coherent spin qubit shuttling through germanium quantum dots
• Fully tunable longitudinal spin-photon interactions in Si and Ge quantum dots
• A 300 mm foundry silicon spin qubit unit cell exceeding 99% fidelity in all operations
• Two-qubit logic with anisotropic exchange in a fin field-effect transistor
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• Hotter is easier: unexpected temperature dependence of spin qubit frequencies
• Tunable hole spin-photon interaction based on g-matrix modulation
• Electrical control of uniformity in quantum dot devices
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• Linear-in-momentum spin orbit interactions in planar Ge/GeSi heterostructures and spin qubits
• High-fidelity spin qubit shuttling via large spin-orbit interaction
• Towards early fault tolerance on a 2$\times$N array of qubits equipped with shuttling
• Phase driving hole spin qubits
• Geometry of the dephasing sweet spots of spin-orbit qubits
• Flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS quantum dot
• SpinQ: Compilation strategies for scalable spin-qubit architectures
• Compromise-Free Scaling of Qubit Speed and Coherence
• Scalable on-chip multiplexing of silicon single and double quantum dots
• Feedback-based active reset of a spin qubit in silicon
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• Electrical operation of hole spin qubits in planar MOS silicon quantum dots
• Materials for Quantum Technologies: a Roadmap for Spin and Topology
• Single-electron occupation in quantum dot arrays at selectable plunger gate voltage
• Valley-Free Silicon Fins Caused by Shear Strain
• Kondo effect in electrostatically defined ZnO quantum dots
• Cryogenic hyperabrupt strontium titanate varactors for sensitive reflectometry of quantum dots
• Identifying Pauli spin blockade using deep learning
• Non-reciprocal Pauli Spin Blockade in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot
• Cross-architecture Tuning of Silicon and SiGe-based Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning
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• Violating Bell's inequality in gate-defined quantum dots
• A cryogenic SRAM based arbitrary waveform generator in 14 nm for spin qubit control
• Method for efficient large-scale cryogenic characterization of CMOS technologies
• Combining n-MOS Charge Sensing with p-MOS Silicon Hole Double Quantum Dots in a CMOS platform
• Fully autonomous tuning of a spin qubit
• Near-Term Spin-Qubit Architecture Design via Multipartite Maximally-Entangled States
• Impact of electrostatic crosstalk on spin qubits in dense CMOS quantum dot arrays
• High temperature spin selectivity in a quantum dot qubit using reservoir spin accumulation
• Dephasing of planar Ge hole spin qubits due to 1/$\text{f}$ charge noise
• Acceptor-based qubit in silicon with tunable strain
• beSnake: A routing algorithm for scalable spin-qubit architectures
• Measurement of cryoelectronics heating using a local quantum dot thermometer in silicon
• Performance of high impedance resonators in dirty dielectric environments
• Probing two-qubit capacitive interactions beyond bilinear regime using dual Hamiltonian parameter estimations
• A compact and versatile cryogenic probe station for quantum device testing
• Real-time milli-Kelvin thermometry in a semiconductor qubit architecture
• The origins of noise in the Zeeman splitting of spin qubits in natural-silicon devices
• Visual explanations of machine learning model estimating charge states in quantum dots
• A spinless spin qubit
• Quantum estimation and remote charge sensing with a hole-spin qubit in silicon
• Full tunability and quantum coherent dynamics of a driven multilevel system
• A thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network traversing 4 K
• A 2x2 quantum dot array in silicon with fully tuneable pairwise interdot coupling
• All-electrical operation of a spin qubit coupled to a high-Q resonator
• Compiling the surface code to crossbar spin qubit architectures
• Electrical readout of spins in the absence of spin blockade
• Quantification of the heavy-hole--light-hole mixing in two-dimensional hole gases
• Radiofrequency cascade readout of coupled spin qubits
• Integration of Cobalt Ferromagnetic Control Gates for Electrical and Magnetic Manipulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
• A system design approach toward integrated cryogenic quantum control systems
• A dressed singlet-triplet qubit in germanium
• Electron Charge Sensor with Hole Current Operating at Cryogenic Temperature
• Fast time-domain current measurement for quantum dot charge sensing using a homemade cryogenic transimpedance amplifier
• Automatic detection of single-electron regime of quantum dots and definition of virtual gates using U-Net and clustering
• Effect of disorder and strain on the operation of planar Ge hole spin qubits
• Simultaneous study of acoustic and optic phonon scattering of electrons and holes in undoped $\mathrm{GaAs}$/$\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{a}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{As}$ heterostructures
• Cancelling second order frequency shifts in Ge hole spin qubits via bichromatic control
• Acoustic phonons, spin-phonon coupling and spin relaxation via the lattice reorientation mechanism in hexagonal germanium nanowires
• State Initialization of a Hot Spin Qubit in a Double Quantum Dot by Measurement-Based Quantum Feedback Control
• Charge-induced energy shift of a single-spin qubit under a magnetic-field gradient
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• Low-Temperature Electron Transport in [110] and [100] Silicon Nanowires: A DFT - Monte Carlo study
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• Anomalous zero-field splitting for hole spin qubits in Si and Ge quantum dots