CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits

Abstract

The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors hosting millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications. A major challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit implementations, a major bottleneck appears between the quantum chip in a dilution refrigerator and the room temperature electronics. Advanced lithography supports the fabrication of both CMOS control electronics and qubits in silicon. When the electronics are designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, it can ultimately be integrated with the qubits on the same die or package, overcoming the wiring bottleneck. Here we report a cryogenic CMOS control chip operating at 3K, which outputs tailored microwave bursts to drive silicon quantum bits cooled to 20mK. We first benchmark the control chip and find electrical performance consistent with 99.99% fidelity qubit operations, assuming ideal qubits. Next, we use it to coherently control actual silicon spin qubits and find that the cryogenic control chip achieves the same fidelity as commercial instruments. Furthermore, we highlight the extensive capabilities of the control chip by programming a number of benchmarking protocols as well as the Deutsch-Josza algorithm on a two-qubit quantum processor. These results open up the path towards a fully integrated, scalable silicon-based quantum computer.

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Cited by in corpus (78)

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• Scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology: State-of-the-art, Challenges and Perspectives
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• Review of performance metrics of spin qubits in gated semiconducting nanostructures
• Universal logic with encoded spin qubits in silicon
• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers
• A shuttling-based two-qubit logic gate for linking distant silicon quantum processors
• Simulating Quantum Materials with Digital Quantum Computers
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• Atomic fluctuations lifting the energy degeneracy in Si/SiGe quantum dots
• A flexible design platform for Si/SiGe exchange-only qubits with low disorder
• Multicore Quantum Computing
• High fidelity state preparation, quantum control, and readout of an isotopically enriched silicon spin qubit
• Colloquium: Advances in automation of quantum dot devices control
• Fully tunable longitudinal spin-photon interactions in Si and Ge quantum dots
• Semiconductor materials stacks for quantum dot spin qubits
• Two-qubit logic with anisotropic exchange in a fin field-effect transistor
• Gate-Controlled Quantum Dots Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
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• Nonlinear response and crosstalk of electrically driven silicon spin qubits
• Grover's algorithm in a four-qubit silicon processor above the fault-tolerant threshold
• Optical single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon
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• Millikelvin temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer for scalable quantum device characterisation
• Cryogenic in-memory computing using magnetic topological insulators
• Wafer-scale low-disorder 2DEG in ${}^{28}$Si/SiGe without an epitaxial Si cap
• CMOS on-chip thermometry at deep cryogenic temperatures
• A cryogenic on-chip microwave pulse generator for large-scale superconducting quantum computing
• Rapid cryogenic characterisation of 1024 integrated silicon quantum dots
• High-fidelity spin qubit shuttling via large spin-orbit interaction
• Towards early fault tolerance on a 2$\times$N array of qubits equipped with shuttling
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• Speeding up qubit control with bipolar single-flux-quantum pulse sequences
• Cryogenic Multiplexing Control Chip for Superconducting Quantum Processor
• Scalable on-chip multiplexing of silicon single and double quantum dots
• Determination of spin-orbit interaction in semiconductor nanostructures via non-linear transport
• Towards Quantum Computing with Molecular Electronics
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• Multi-module microwave assembly for fast read-out and charge noise characterization of silicon quantum dots
• Non-reciprocal Pauli Spin Blockade in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot
• SU(2) Symmetry of Coherent Photons and Application to Poincaré Rotator
• Flopping-mode electron dipole spin resonance in the strong-driving regime
• Single-step high-fidelity three-qubit gates by anisotropic chiral interactions
• Temperature-dependent broadening of coherent current peaks in InAs double quantum dots
• Method for efficient large-scale cryogenic characterization of CMOS technologies
• Autonomous Bootstrapping of Quantum Dot Devices
• Measurement of cryoelectronics heating using a local quantum dot thermometer in silicon
• Improved Single-Shot Qubit Readout Using Twin RF-SET Charge Correlations
• Cryogenic characterization and modeling of a CMOS floating-gate device for quantum control hardware
• Neural network accelerator for quantum control
• Neural-network-designed three-qubit gates robust against charge noise and crosstalk in silicon
• Quantum estimation and remote charge sensing with a hole-spin qubit in silicon
• Leveraging Off-the-Shelf Silicon Chips for Quantum Computing
• Erasure conversion for singlet-triplet spin qubits enables high-performance shuttling-based quantum error correction
• Beyond-adiabatic Quantum Admittance of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot at High Frequencies: Rethinking Reflectometry as Polaron Dynamics
• Experimental online quantum dots charge autotuning using neural networks
• Dispersive readout of a silicon quantum device using an atomic force microscope-based rf gate sensor
• YSR Bond Qubit in a Double Quantum Dot with cQED Operation
• Pursuing high-fidelity control of spin qubits in natural Si/SiGe quantum dot
• A Methodology for Process Design Kit Re-Centering Using TCAD and Experimental Data for Cryogenic Temperatures
• Second Quantization: Gating a Quantum Dot Through the Sequential Removal of Single Electrons from a Nanoscale Floating Gate
• A SWAP Gate for Spin Qubits in Silicon
• State Initialization of a Hot Spin Qubit in a Double Quantum Dot by Measurement-Based Quantum Feedback Control
• Highly Tunable Two-Qubit Interactions in Si/SiGe Quantum Dots by Interchanging the Roles of Qubit-Defining Gates
• DC-operated Josephson junction arrays as a cryogenic on-chip microwave measurement platform
• Robust shaped pulses for arrays of superconducting or semiconductor spin qubits with fixed Ising coupling
• On-chip microwave coherent source with in-situ control of the photon number distribution
• Conceptual study of a two-layer silicon pixel detector to tag the passage of muons from cosmic sources through quantum processors
• Digital-Controlled Method of Conveyor-Belt Spin Shuttling in Silicon for Large-Scale Quantum Computation
• Coherent microwave comb generation via the Josephson effect
• The symplectic rank of non-Gaussian quantum states
• Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing for simultaneous gate operations on multiple qubits via a shared control line