Dynamical nuclear spin polarization in a quantum dot with an electron spin driven by electric dipole spin resonance

Abstract

We analyze the polarization of nuclear spins in a quantum dot induced by a single-electron spin that is electrically driven to perform coherent Rabi oscillations. We derive the associated nuclear-spin polarization rate and analyze its dependence on the accessible control parameters, especially the detuning of the driving frequency from the electron Larmor frequency. The arising nuclear-spin polarization is related to the Hartmann-Hahn effect known from the NMR literature with two important differences. First, in quantum dots one typically uses a micro magnet, leading to a small deflection of the quantization axes of the electron and nuclear spins. Second, the electric driving wiggles the electron with respect to the atomic lattice. The two effects, absent in the traditional Hartmann-Hahn scenario, give rise to two mechanisms of nuclear-spin polarization in gated quantum dots. The arising nuclear-spin polarization is a resonance phenomenon, achieving maximal efficiency at the resonance of the electron Rabi and nuclear Larmor frequency (typically a few or a few tens of MHz). As a function of the driving frequency, the polarization rate can develop sharp peaks and reach large values at them. Since the nuclear polarization is experimentally detected as changes of the electron Larmor frequency, we often convert the former to the latter in our formulas and figures. In these units, the polarization can reach hundreds of MHz/s in GaAs quantum dots and at least tens of kHz/s in Si quantum dots. We analyze possibilities to exploit the resonant polarization effects for achieving large nuclear polarization and for stabilizing the Overhauser field through feedback.

34 pages including 15 pages of appendices and 3 pages of references, 13 figures. In going from version v1 to v2, we have added Appendix J and K, and included minor changes stemming from the refereeing and proofs at Physical Review B

References in corpus (29)

• Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot
• Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields
• Semiconductor Spin Qubits
• Electrically driven single electron spin resonance in a slanting Zeeman field
• Hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot: Non-Markovian electron spin dynamics
• Universal quantum control of two-electron spin quantum bits using dynamic nuclear polarization
• Nuclear spin physics in quantum dots: an optical investigation
• Dressed Collective Qubit States and the Tavis-Cummings Model in Circuit QED
• Spin decoherence of a heavy hole coupled to nuclear spins in a quantum dot
• Enhancing the Coherence of a Spin Qubit by Operating it as a Feedback Loop That Controls its Nuclear Spin Bath
• Suppressing qubit dephasing using real-time Hamiltonian estimation
• Hyperfine-mediated gate-driven electron spin resonance
• Electric Dipole Spin Resonance for Heavy Holes in Quantum Dots
• Hole - Nuclear Spin Interaction in Quantum Dots
• Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Single Electron Spins
• Quantum Interface of an Electron and a Nuclear Ensemble
• Nuclear Spins in Nanostructures
• Measurement of Temporal Correlations of the Overhauser Field in a Double Quantum Dot
• Quadrupolar induced suppression of nuclear spin bath fluctuations in self-assembled quantum dots
• Recent advances in hole-spin qubits
• Noise-correlation spectrum for a pair of spin qubits in silicon
• Electrically-Driven Reverse Overhauser Pumping of Nuclear Spins in Quantum Dots
• Nuclear Tuning and Detuning of the Electron Spin Resonance in a Quantum Dot
• Nuclear spin dynamics and Zeno effect in quantum dots and defect centers
• Phase Transitions in Dissipative Quantum Transport and Mesoscopic Nuclear Spin Pumping
• Nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear spin relaxation in AlAs quantum well probed by ESR
• Electronic magnetization of a quantum point contact measured by nuclear magnetic resonance
• Decoherence of nuclear spins due to direct dipole-dipole interactions probed by resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance
• Wigner-molecularization-enabled dynamic nuclear field programming