Strong Nebular Line Ratios in the Spectra of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies: First Results from KBSS-MOSFIRE

Abstract

We present initial results of a deep near-IR spectroscopic survey covering the 15 fields of the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS) using MOSFIRE on the Keck 1 telescope, focusing on a sample of 251 galaxies with redshifts 2.0< z < 2.6, star-formation rates 2 < SFR < 200 M_sun/yr, and stellar masses 8.6 < log(M*/M_sun) < 11.4, with high-quality spectra in both H- and K-band atmospheric windows. We show unambiguously that the locus of z~2.3 galaxies in the "BPT" nebular diagnostic diagram exhibits a disjoint, yet similarly tight, relationship between the ratios [NII]6585/Halpha and [OIII]/Hbeta as compared to local galaxies. Using photoionization models, we argue that the offset of the z~2.3 locus relative to z~ 0 is explained by a combination of harder ionizing radiation field, higher ionization parameter, and higher N/O at a given O/H than applies to most local galaxies, and that the position of a galaxy along the z~2.3 star-forming BPT locus is surprisingly insensitive to gas-phase oxygen abundance. The observed nebular emission line ratios are most easily reproduced by models in which the net ionizing radiation field resembles a blackbody with effective temperature T_eff = 50000-60000 K and N/O close to the solar value at all O/H. We critically assess the applicability of commonly-used strong line indices for estimating gas-phase metallicities, and consider the implications of the small intrinsic scatter in the empirical relationship between excitation-sensitive line indices and stellar mass (i.e., the "mass-metallicity" relation), at z~2.3.

41 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Version with full-resolution figures available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~ccs/mos_bpt_submit.pdf

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• Present-day mass-metallicity relation for galaxies using a new electron-temperature method
• A High Fraction of Ly-alpha-Emitters Among Galaxies with Extreme Emission Line Ratios at z ~ 2
• Near-Infrared MOSFIRE Spectra of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.2<z<4
• Searching for Highly Magnified Stars at Cosmological Distances: Discovery of a Redshift 0.94 Blue Supergiant in Archival Images of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: The Connection Between Massive Stars and Ionized Gas in Individual Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies as analogues of high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• The Nature of H$\beta +$[O{\sc iii}] and [O{\sc ii}] emitters to $z\sim 5$ with HiZELS: stellar mass functions and the evolution of EWs
• ZFIRE: Galaxy Cluster Kinematics, H$\alpha$ Star Formation Rates, and Gas-Phase Metallicities of XMM-LSS J02182-05102 at z=1.6233
• Environmental impacts on molecular gas in protocluster galaxies at z~2
• The MOSDEF Survey: Sulfur Emission-line Ratios Provide New Insights into Evolving ISM Conditions at High Redshift
• Dust Properties of [CII] Detected z $\sim$ 5.5 Galaxies: New HST/WFC3 Near-IR Observations
• Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from Redshift $z\approx 8$ to the Local Universe
• The Evolution of Chemical Abundance in Quasar Broad Line Region
• Stellar and nebular diagnostics in the UV for star-forming galaxies
• Exploring HeII$\lambda$1640 emission line properties at $z\sim 2-4$
• A Characteristic Mass Scale in the Mass-Metallicity Relation of Galaxies
• On the Lack of Correlation Between [OIII]/[OII] and Lyman-Continuum Escape Fraction
• Rest-UV Absorption Lines as Metallicity Estimator: the Metal Content of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~5
• The production of ionizing photons in UV-faint z~3-7 galaxies
• A Recalibration of Strong Line Oxygen Abundance Diagnostics via the Direct Method and Implications for the High Redshift Universe
• The MOSDEF Survey: The strong agreement between H-alpha and UV-to-FIR star formation rates for z~2 star-forming galaxies
• The VANDELS survey: the relation between UV continuum slope and stellar metallicity in star-forming galaxies at z~3
• Constraints on the Lyman continuum escape fraction for faint star forming galaxies
• CLEAR: Emission Line Ratios at Cosmic High Noon
• Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy of five ULX counterparts
• The MOSDEF Survey: Metallicity Dependence of the PAH Emission at High Redshift and Implications for 24 micron-inferred IR Luminosities and Star Formation Rates at z~2
• High Equivalent Width of Hα+[N II] Emission in z~8 Lyman-break Galaxies from IRAC 5.8μm Observations: Evidence for Efficient Lyman-continuum Photon production in the Epoch of Re-ionization
• The Kinematics of Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in a Low Mass, Low Metallicity Galaxy at z = 2.3
• Local Analogs for High-redshift Galaxies: Resembling the Physical Conditions of the Interstellar Medium in High-redshift Galaxies
• Anomalously low metallicity regions in MaNGA star-forming galaxies: Accretion Caught in Action?
• Chemical abundance scaling relations for multiple elements in z~2-3 star-forming galaxies
• How Gas Accretion Feeds Galactic Disks
• High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: II. Galaxy line and continuum spectral indices and dust attenuation curves
• Searching for metal-deficient emission-line galaxy candidates: the final sample of the SDSS DR12 galaxies
• Cold-Mode Accretion: Driving the Fundamental Mass-Metallicity Relation at z~2
• Herschel protocluster survey: A search for dusty star-forming galaxies in protoclusters at z=2-3
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation of Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from JWST Observations
• On the universality of luminosity-metallicity and mass-metallicity relations for compact star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0 < z < 3
• The KMOS${}^{3D}$ Survey: Investigating the Origin of the Elevated Electron Densities in Star-Forming Galaxies at $1\lesssim z\lesssim 3$
• Stellar Mass--Gas-phase Metallicity Relation at $0.5\le z\le 0.7$: A Power Law with Increasing Scatter toward the Low-mass Regime
• Peering into cosmic reionization: the Ly$\alpha$ visibility evolution from galaxies at $z$ = 4.5-8.5 with JWST
• The bursting nature of star formation in compact star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A radio-to-mm census of star-forming galaxies in protocluster 4C23.56 at z=2.5 : Gas mass and its fraction revealed with ALMA
• CLASSY II: A technical Overview of the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY
• Predicting dust extinction properties of star-forming galaxies from H-alpha/UV ratio
• The Subaru FMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey (FastSound). III. The mass-metallicity relation and the fundamental metallicity relation at $z\sim 1.4$
• Detection of hot, metal-enriched outflowing gas around $z\approx$2.3 star-forming galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• The MOSDEF Survey: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Rest-optical Emission-line Properties of $z\sim 2.3$ Star-forming Galaxies
• The KLEVER survey: Nitrogen abundances at $z\sim$2 and probing the existence of a fundamental nitrogen relation
• The Synthetic Emission Line COSMOS catalog: H$\alpha$ and [OII] galaxy luminosity functions and counts at $0.3<z<2.5$
• First release of high-redshift superluminous supernovae from the Subaru HIgh-Z sUpernova CAmpaign (SHIZUCA). I. Photometric properties
• Empirical Modeling of the Redshift Evolution of the [NII]/H$\alpha$-ratio for Galaxy Redshift Surveys
• Hide-and-Seek with the Fundamental Metallicity Relation
• Metal-poor, Strongly Star-Forming Galaxies in the DEEP2 Survey: The Relationship between Stellar Mass, Temperature-based Metallicity, and Star Formation Rate
• Using [Ne V]/[Ne III] to Understand the Nature of Extreme-Ionization Galaxies
• Searching for z > 6.5 Analogs Near the Peak of Cosmic Star Formation
• Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16
• The MOSDEF Survey: Implications of the Lack of Evolution in the Dust Attenuation-Mass Relation to z~2
• New Analytic Solutions for Galaxy Evolution: Gas, Stars, Metals and Dust in local Early-Type Galaxies and in their high-z Starforming Progenitors
• The Ionizing Photon Production Efficiency (${\xi }_{ion}$) Of Lensed Dwarf Galaxies At $z\sim 2$
• GOODS-ALMA 2.0: Starbursts in the main sequence reveal compact star formation regulating galaxy evolution prequenching
• JWST/NIRSpec Measurements of the Relationships Between Nebular Emission-line Ratios and Stellar Mass at z~3-6
• Equilibrium model prediction for the scatter in the star-forming main sequence
• On the different levels of dust attenuation to nebular and stellar light in star-forming galaxies
• The Redshift Evolution of Rest-UV Spectroscopic Properties to z~5
• The mass-metallicity relation at z~1-2 and its dependence on star formation rate
• The Relationship Between Galaxy ISM and Circumgalactic Gas Metallicities
• Characterizing Extreme Emission Line Galaxies II: A Self-Consistent Model of Their Ionizing Spectrum
• The KBSS-KCWI Survey: The connection between extended Ly$\alpha$ halos and galaxy azimuthal angle at $z\sim 2-3$
• Predicting Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies via Empirical Markers of Production and Escape in the KBSS
• Time Evolution of Galaxy Scaling Relations in Cosmological Simulations
• Mass and metallicity scaling relations of high redshift star-forming galaxies selected by GRBs
• ALMA observations of Lyman-alpha Blob 1: halo sub-structure illuminated from within
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Metallicity Dependence of X-ray Binary Populations at $z\sim 2$
• Rest-Frame Optical Emission Lines in z~3.5 Lyman Break selected Galaxies: The Ubiquity of Unusually High [OIII]/Hbeta Ratios at 2 Gyr
• JADES: Primaeval Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionisation out to redshift $z\sim 9$
• MUSEQuBES: Characterizing the circumgalactic medium of redshift $\approx 3.3$ Ly$\alpha$ emitters
• Direct T${}_e$ metallicity calibration of R23 in strong line emitters
• The ionisation parameter of star-forming galaxies evolves with the specific star formation rate
• Simulating and interpreting deep observations in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with the JWST/NIRSpec low-resolution 'prism'
• The mass-metallicity relation at cosmic noon in overdense environments: first results from the MAMMOTH-Grism HST slitless spectroscopic survey
• The mass-metallicity relation of zCOSMOS galaxies at z ~ 0.7, its dependence on SFR, and the existence of massive low-metallicity galaxies
• Physical Properties of II Zw 40's Super Star Cluster and Nebula: New Insights and Puzzles from UV Spectroscopy
• How Environment Affects Galaxy Metallicity through Stripping and Formation History: Lessons from the Illustris Simulation
• A Preview of JWST Metallicity Studies at Cosmic Noon: The First Detection of Auroral [O II] Emission at High Redshift
• The Extreme Low-mass End of the Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim 7$
• Inspiraling streams of enriched gas observed around a massive galaxy 11 billion years ago
• Luminosity Dependence and Redshift Evolution of Strong Emission-line Diagnostics in Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Semi-forbidden CIII]$\lambda$1909Å~ Emission in the Rest-Ultraviolet Spectra of Green Pea Galaxies
• The Team Keck Redshift Survey 2: MOSFIRE Spectroscopy of the GOODS-North Field
• Taking stock of SLSN and LGRB host galaxy comparison using a complete sample of LGRBs
• An extremely dense group of massive galaxies at the centre of the protocluster at z = 3.09 in the SSA22 field
• The VANDELS survey: A strong correlation between Ly$\alpha$ equivalent width and stellar metallicity at $3\le \mathbf{z}\le 5$
• A candidate runaway supermassive black hole identified by shocks and star formation in its wake
• HST Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: The Mystery of Neon
• ALMA + VLT observations of a Damped Lyman-α absorbing galaxy: Massive, wide CO emission, gas-rich but with very low SFR
• An analytic model for OIII fine structure emission from high redshift galaxies
• Properties of five z~0.3-0.4 confirmed LyC leakers: VLT/XShooter observations
• Seeing sharper and deeper: JWST's first glimpse of the photometric and spectroscopic properties of galaxies in the epoch of reionisation
• Evolution of the Stellar Mass--Metallicity Relation - I: Galaxies in the z~0.4 Cluster Cl0024
• The Impact of Star-Formation-Rate Surface Density on the Electron Density and Ionization Parameter of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Comparison of Theoretical Starburst Photoionisation Models for Optical Diagnostics
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Mass-Metallicity relationship and the existence of the FMR at z~1.5
• Osaka Feedback Model II: Modeling Supernova Feedback Based on High-Resolution Simulations
• Observational constraints on the physical nature of submillimetre source multiplicity: chance projections are common
• Some Stars are Totally Metal: A New Mechanism Driving Dust Across Star-Forming Clouds, and Consequences for Planets, Stars, and Galaxies
• CO Emission, Molecular Gas, and Metallicity in Main-Sequence Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 2.3$
• ZFIRE: The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Tully-Fisher Relation to Redshift 2.0 < Z < 2.5 with MOSFIRE
• The BPT Diagram in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations: Understanding the Physics Driving Offsets at High-Redshift
• Local anti-correlation between star-formation rate and gas-phase metallicity in disk galaxies
• The First Robust Constraints on the Relationship Between Dust-to-Gas Ratio and Metallicity in Luminous Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• Detection of emission lines from z ~ 3 DLAs towards the QSO J2358+0149
• The MOSDEF Survey: Environmental dependence of the gas-phase metallicity of galaxies at $1.4\le z\le 2.6$
• Z-FIRE: ISM properties of the z = 2.095 COSMOS Cluster
• The Detection of [O III]$\lambda$4363 in a Lensed, Dwarf Galaxy at $z$ = 2.59: Testing Metallicity Indicators and Scaling Relations at High Redshift and Low Mass
• Relations between abundance characteristics and rotation velocity for star-forming MaNGA galaxies
• Broad-band selection, spectroscopic identification, and physical properties of a population of extreme emission line galaxies at 3<z<3.7
• A comparison of UV and optical metallicities in star-forming galaxies
• An Hα view of galaxy build-up in the first 2 Gyr: luminosity functions at z~4-6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy
• Physical conditions of the interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies at z~1.5
• The MOSDEF Survey: Neon as a Probe of ISM Physical Conditions at High Redshift
• CLEAR: High-Ionization [Ne V] $\lambda$3426 Emission-line Galaxies at $1.4<z<2.3$
• X-ray properties of He II 1640 emitting galaxies in VANDELS
• The evolution of the mass-metallicity relations from the VANDELS survey and the GAEA Semi-Analytic model
• Evidence for Very Massive Stars in extremely UV-bright star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2.2-3.6$
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Resolved Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Modeling of Spatially Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in the KBSS-KCWI Survey
• Testing strong line metallicity diagnostics at z~2
• Correlation between the gas-phase metallicity and ionization parameter in extragalactic HII regions
• The MOSDEF Survey: First Measurement of Nebular Oxygen Abundance at $z>4$
• CECILIA: The Faint Emission Line Spectrum of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies
• The evolution of the SFR and Sigma-SFR of galaxies in cosmic morning (4 < z < 10)
• Young, Star-forming Galaxies and their local Counterparts: the Evolving Relationship of Mass-SFR-Metallicity since z ~ 2.1
• A large, deep 3 deg${}^2$ survey of H$\alpha$, [OIII], and [OII] emitters from LAGER: constraining luminosity functions
• [OIII] emission line as a tracer of star-forming galaxies at high redshifts: Comparison between H$\alpha$ and [OIII] emitters at $z$=2.23 in HiZELS
• Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at $1.5<z<6.4$
• Validity of abundances derived from spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey
• Mapping UV Properties Throughout the Cosmic Horseshoe: Lessons from VLT-MUSE
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim 0.8$: Redshift Evolution and Parameter Dependency
• Evolution of the chemical enrichment and the Mass-Metallicity relation in CALIFA galaxies
• ZFIRE: Using H$\alpha$ equivalent widths to investigate the in situ initial mass function at z~2
• The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) VI: Connecting Physical Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium to Galaxies at $z\approx 1$
• Changing physical conditions in star-forming galaxies between redshifts 0 < z < 4: [OIII]/Hb evolution
• Reconstructing the observed ionizing photon production efficiency at z~2 using stellar population models
• The CGM at Cosmic Noon with KCWI: Outflows from a Star-forming Galaxy at z=2.071
• A Unique View of AGN-Driven Molecular Outflows: The Discovery of a Massive Galaxy Counterpart to a $z=2.4$ High-Metallicity Damped Lyman-$\alpha$ Absorber
• Accurate Oxygen Abundance of Interstellar Gas in Mrk 71 from Optical and Infrared Spectra
• Abundances of CNO elements in z ~ 0.3-0.4 LyC leaking galaxies
• On the influence of the environment on galactic chemical abundances
• Lyman-Break Galaxies at $z\sim 3$ in the Subaru Deep Field: Luminosity Function, Clustering and [OIII] Emission
• A Deep Ly$\alpha$ Survey in ECDF-S and COSMOS: I. General Properties of Lyman-alpha Emitters at $z\sim 2$
• SFR estimations from z=0 to z=0.9 -- A comparison of SFR calibrators for star-forming galaxies
• IR SED and Dust Masses of Sub-solar Metallicity Galaxies at z~2.3
• The ISM Properties and Gas Kinematics of a Redshift 3 Massive Dusty Star-forming Galaxy
• What Drives the Redshift Evolution of Strong Emission Line Ratios?
• Physical Properties of Massive Compact Starburst Galaxies with Extreme Outflows
• The Effect of Turbulence on Nebular Emission Line Ratios
• Revisiting the Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 1 with Radiative Transfer Modeling in a Multiphase, Clumpy Medium
• GA-NIFS: JWST/NIRSpec IFS view of the z~3.5 galaxy GS5001 and its close environment at the core of a large-scale overdensity
• ATLAS Probe: Breakthrough Science of Galaxy Evolution, Cosmology, Milky Way, and the Solar System
• CLEAR: Survey Overview, Data Analysis and Products
• The Mean Absorption Line Spectra of a Selection of Luminous z~6 Lyman Break Galaxies
• What drives the scatter of local star-forming galaxies in the BPT diagrams? A Machine Learning based analysis
• Properties and redshift evolution of star-forming galaxies with high [OIII]/[OII] ratios with MUSE at 0.28<z<0.85
• The Metal Abundances across Cosmic Time ($\mathcal{M}\mathcal{A}\mathcal{C}\mathcal{T}$) Survey. I. Optical Spectroscopy in the Subaru Deep Field
• Bridging Optical and Far-Infrared Emission-Line Diagrams of Galaxies from Local to the Epoch of Reionization: Characteristic High [O III] 88 $\mu \mathrm{m}$/SFR at $z>6$
• Coevolution of metallicity and star formation in galaxies to z=3.7: II. A theoretical model
• The discovery of the most UV-Lya luminous star-forming galaxy: a young, dust- and metal-poor starburst with QSO-like luminosities
• An Updated Dust-to-Star Geometry: Dust Attenuation Does Not Depend on Inclination in $1.3\le z\le 2.6$ Star-Forming Galaxies from MOSDEF
• The Detection of Intergalactic Halpha Emission from the Slug Nebula at z~2.3
• Predicting emission line fluxes and number counts of distant galaxies for cosmological surveys
• MCSED: A flexible spectral energy distribution fitting code and its application to $z\sim 2$ emission-line galaxies
• ZFIRE: Similar Stellar Growth in H$\alpha$-emitting Cluster and Field Galaxies at z~2
• A Complex Multiphase DLA Associated with a Compact Group at z=2.431 Traces Accretion, Outflows, and Tidal Streams
• VLT/XShooter spectroscopy of Lyman Break Analogs: direct method O/H abundances and nitrogen enhancements
• A spatially resolved analysis of star-formation burstiness by comparing UV and H$\alpha$ in galaxies at z$\sim$1 with UVCANDELS
• The Relation Between [OIII]/H$\beta$ and Specific Star Formation Rate in Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• The influence of a top-heavy integrated galactic IMF and dust on the chemical evolution of high-redshift starbursts
• The diversity of the circumgalactic medium around z = 0 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the Auriga simulations
• The interstellar medium in [OIII]-selected star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 3.2$
• Mapping the Diversity of Galaxy Spectra with Deep Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Observational properties of a general relativistic instability supernova from a primordial supermassive star
• Gas Phase Metallicities of Local Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies Follow Normal Star-Forming Galaxies
• Theoretically Modelling Photoionized Regions with Fractal Geometry in Three Dimensions
• Mass-Metallicity Relation for Local Analogs of High-Redshift galaxies: Implications for the Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relations
• Suppressed CO emission and high G/D ratios in z=2 galaxies with sub-solar gas-phase metallicity
• Correlation between SFR surface density and thermal pressure of ionized gas in local analogs of high-redshift galaxies
• Dust attenuation of the nebular regions and optical emission lines of $z\sim 2$ star-forming galaxies
• A Comparison of Rest-frame Ultraviolet and Optical Emission-Line Diagnostics in the Lensed Galaxy SDSS J1723+3411 at Redshift z=1.3293
• Active Galactic Nuclei with a Low-Metallicity Narrow-Line Region
• Ionization processes in a local analogue of distant clumpy galaxies: VLT MUSE IFU spectroscopy and FORS deep images of the TDG NGC 5291N
• [O II] nebular emission from Mg II absorbers: Star formation associated with the absorbing gas
• The star formation rate cookbook at 1 < z < 3: Extinction-corrected relations for UV & [OII]λ3727 luminosities
• Discovery of a Dusty, Chemically Mature Companion to a z$\sim$4 Starburst Galaxy in JWST ERS Data
• Where Outflows Meet Inflows: Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 2 Decoded by Advanced Radiative Transfer Modelling
• The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey: The spectroscopic measurements catalogue
• The mass--metallicity relation AKARI-FMOS infrared galaxies at $z\sim 0.88$ in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Survey Field
• Spatial Variation in Strong Line Ratios and Physical Conditions in Two Strongly-Lensed Galaxies at z~1.4
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST XXIII: The transmission of Lyman-alpha from UV-faint z ~ 3-6 galaxies
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity. IV. Spectral analysis methods and exemplary results for O stars
• Extreme Variability in a Broad Absorption Line Quasar
• Gas Accretion and Galactic Chemical Evolution: Theory and Observations
• Physical Properties of Local Star-Forming Analogues to z~5 Lyman Break Galaxies
• ZFIRE: Measuring Electron Density with [OII] as a function of environment at z = 1.62
• First [NII]122$\mu$m line detection in a QSO-SMG pair BRI 1202-0725 at $z=4.69$
• MgII 2797, 2803 emission in a large sample of low-metallicity star-forming galaxies from SDSS DR14
• The MOSDEF Survey: No Significant Enhancement in Star Formation or Deficit in Metallicity in Merging Galaxy Pairs at 1.5<=z<=3.5
• Host Galaxies of Ultra Strong Mg II absorbers at z $\sim$ 0.5
• Evidence for gas-phase metal deficiency in massive protocluster galaxies at z~2.2
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Investigation of 10 Galaxies at $z\sim 4.5$ with [OII] and [CII] Line Emission $-$ ISM Properties and [OII]$-$SFR Relation
• The MZ relation for local star-forming galaxies
• Imaging Spectroscopy of Ionized Gaseous Nebulae around Optically Faint AGN at Redshift z ~ 2
• ISM conditions in z~0.2 Lyman-Break Analogs
• Spectroscopy of CASSOWARY gravitationally-lensed galaxies in SDSS: characterisation of an extremely bright reionization-era analog at $z=1.42$
• A millimeter-wave redshift search for the unlensed HyLIRG, HS1700.850.1
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXV. Electron Density in the Interstellar Medium at $0.7\lesssim z\lesssim 9.3$ with NIRSpec High-resolution Spectroscopy
• A giant galaxy in the young Universe with a massive ring
• The resolved chemical abundance properties within the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies at $\text{z}\approx 1.5$
• Euclid preparation. XXX. Performance assessment of the NISP Red-Grism through spectroscopic simulations for the Wide and Deep surveys
• UNCOVERing the High-redshift AGN Population among Extreme UV Line Emitters
• Rest-frame UV and optical emission line diagnostics of ionised gas properties: a test case in a star-forming knot of a lensed galaxy at z~1.7
• Effects of NII and H$\alpha$ Line Blending on the WFIRST Galaxy Redshift Survey
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Quasars at z $\sim$ 2.2 through H$\alpha$ and Ly$\alpha$ Emission
• Differential attenuation in star-forming galaxies at 0.3 $\lesssim$ $z$ $\lesssim$ 1.5 in the SHARDS/CANDELS field
• Hardness of ionizing radiation fields in MaNGA star-forming galaxies
• Flame: A Flexible Data Reduction Pipeline for Near-Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy
• Quantifying correlations between galaxy emission lines and stellar continua
• Unravelling the Dust Attenuation Scaling Relations and their Evolution
• The APOGEE Library of Infrared SSP Templates (A-LIST): High-Resolution Simple Stellar Population Spectral Models in the H-Band
• The fundamental metallicity relation from SDSS (z~0) to VIPERS (z~0.7) Data selection or evolution
• Extinction and nebular line properties of a Herschel-selected lensed dusty starburst AT z=1.027
• Galaxies of the $z\sim 2$ Universe. I. Grism-Selected Rest-Frame Optical Emission Line Galaxies
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: Probing ISM/CGM Structure of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 Using Rest-UV Spectroscopy
• Star-formation rates of two GRB host galaxies at z~2 and a [CII] deficit observed with ALMA
• Simulated stellar kinematics studies of high-redshift galaxies with the HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph
• Resolving the Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources in the Ly$\alpha$ Emitting Galaxy Haro 11
• CLEAR: Spatially Resolved Emission Lines and Active Galactic Nuclei at $0.6<z<1.3$
• New calibrations for estimating the N/O ratio in HII regions
• Evolution of CIV Absorbers. II. Where does CIV live?
• Searching for the connection between ionizing-photon escape and the surface density of star formation at z~3
• The MOSDEF Survey: Calibrating the relationship between H$\alpha$ star-formation rate and radio continuum luminosity at $1.4<z<2.6$
• Star Formation and Chemical Enrichment in Protoclusters
• A Tale of Two Clusters: An Analysis of Gas-Phase Metallicity and Nebular Gas Conditions in Proto-cluster Galaxies at z~2
• Probing IGM accretion onto faint Lyα emitters at z~2.8
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Dependence of H$\alpha$-to-UV SFR Ratios on SFR and Size at $z\sim 2$
• The SCUBA-2 Web Survey: I. Observations of CO(3-2) in hyper-luminous QSO fields
• A Spatially-Resolved Survey of Distant Quasar Host Galaxies: II. Photoionization and Kinematics of the ISM
• A novel approach to investigate chemical inhomogeneities in GRB host galaxies: The $Z_{\mathrm{abs}}-Z_{\mathrm{emiss}}$ relation
• Testing an indirect method for identifying galaxies with high levels of Lyman continuum leakage
• The Star-Forming Interstellar Medium of Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs
• CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). X. Physical conditions of molecular gas and the local SFR-Mass relation
• Molecular Gas Properties in the Host Galaxy of GRB080207
• Mapping reionization bubbles in the JWST era II: inferring the position and characteristic size of individual bubbles
• The origin of correlations between mass, metallicity and morphology in galaxies from the EAGLE simulation
• NGDEEP: The Star Formation and Ionization Properties of Galaxies at $1.7<z<3.4$
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). XII. Spatially Resolved Galaxy Star Formation Histories and True Evolutionary Paths at z > 1
• Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
• LBT/ARGOS adaptive optics observations of z$\sim 2$ lensed galaxies
• A new fitting concept for the robust determination of Sérsic model parameters
• Explaining the Weak Evolution of the High-Redshift Mass-Metallicity Relation with Galaxy Burst Cycles
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) XI. Scaling relations between outflows and host galaxy properties
• The Direct-Method Oxygen Abundance of Typical Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic High-Noon
• Super-massive black hole wake or bulgeless edge-on galaxy?
• The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Overview of innovative science programs
• A break in the high-redshift stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation
• Radio observations confirm young stellar populations in local analogues to $z\sim 5$ Lyman break galaxies
• Inferring redshift and galaxy properties via a multi-task neural net with probabilistic outputs: An application to simulated MOONS spectra
• Monitoring broad emission-line components in spectra of the two low-metallicity dwarf compact star-forming galaxies SBS 1420+540 and J1444+4840
• Circumgalactic Environments around Distant Quasars 3C 9 and 4C 05.84
• Emission Line Metallicities From The Faint Infrared Grism Survey and VLT/MUSE
• Chemical Abundances of a Sample of Oxygen-dominated Galaxies
• The JWST EXCELS Survey: gas-phase metallicity evolution at 2 < z < 8
• A comprehensive study on the relation between the metal enrichment of ionised and atomic gas in star-forming galaxies
• Reconciling the Results of the z~2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
• Observations of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at High Redshift
• MARTA: Temperature-temperature relationships and strong-line metallicity calibrations from multiple auroral-line detections at cosmic noon
• Assessing model-based carbon and oxygen abundance derivation from ultraviolet emission lines in AGNs
• Euclid preparation. Optical emission-line predictions of intermediate-z galaxy populations in GAEA for the Euclid Deep and Wide Surveys
• Photometric IGM tomography with Subaru/HSC: the large-scale structure of Ly$\alpha$ emitters and IGM transmission in the COSMOS field at $z\sim 5$
• What can distant galaxies teach us about massive stars?
• Spectroscopy of an extreme [OIII] emitting active galactic nucleus at $z=3.212$: implications for the reionisation era
• The MOSDEF Survey: Towards a Complete Census of the z ~ 2.3 Star-forming Galaxy Population
• HST Hα grism spectroscopy of ROLES: a flatter low-mass slope for the z~1 SSFR--mass relation
• The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
• Cloudy-Maraston: Integrating nebular continuum and line emission with the Maraston stellar population synthesis models
• The nebular properties of star-forming galaxies at intermediate redshift from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census
• Evolution of cold streams in hot gaseous halos
• A massive quiescent galaxy confirmed in a protocluster at z=3.09
• KBSS-InCLOSE I: Design and First Results from the Inner CGM of QSO Line Of Sight Emitting Galaxies at z~2-3
• Detection of extended millimeter emission in the host galaxy of 3C273 and its implications for QSO feedback via high dynamic range ALMA imaging
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Green Valley at z$\sim$0.7
• MAMMOTH-MOSFIRE: Environmental Effects on Galaxy Interstellar Medium at $z\sim 2$
• Disentangling the physical origin of emission line ratio offsets at high redshift with spatially resolved spectroscopy
• The Neon Gap: Probing Ionization with Dwarf Galaxies at z~1
• Dark from light (DfL): Inferring halo properties from luminous tracers with machine learning trained on cosmological simulations. I. Method, proof of concept & preliminary testing
• SDSS J1059+4251, a highly magnified z ~ 2.8 star-forming galaxy: ESI observations of the rest-frame UV spectrum
• From VIPERS to SDSS: Unveiling galaxy spectra evolution over 9 Gyr through unsupervised machine-learning
• Prospects for extending the Mass-Metallicity Relation to low mass at high redshift: a case study at z~1
• Disentangling AGN and Star Formation Activity at High Redshift Using Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy
• MARTA: The connection between chemical enrichment, feedback, and dust in a Wolf-Rayet galaxy at z$\sim$2
• Through the fog: a complementary optical galaxy classification scheme for 'intermediate' redshifts
• Euclid Preparation: XIV. The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Data Release 3
• CECILIA: Ultra-Deep Rest-Optical Spectra of Faint Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• REBELS-IFU: Spatially Resolved Ionizing Photon Production Efficiencies of 12 Bright Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09
• A Compact Group of Galaxies at z = 2.48 hosting an AGN-Driven Outflow
• An Atlas of Star-Forming Galaxy Equivalent Widths
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• First IFU observations of two GRB host galaxies at cosmic noon with JWST/NIRSpec
• First joint absorption and T${}_e$-based metallicity measured in a GRB host galaxy at $z=4.28$ using JWST/NIRSpec
• Compact [OIII] emission-line regions ("Green Seeds") in $\mathrm{H}\alpha$ emitters at Cosmic Noon from JWST Observations
• A model for the emission line galaxy luminosity function and flux ratios at high-redshifts
• KURVS: chemical properties from multiple strong line calibrations for star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.5$
• Predicting Resolved Dust Attenuation from Local Galaxy Properties Using MaNGA
• Nitrogen abundances in star-forming galaxies 2.2 Gyr after the Big Bang are not elevated
• The stellar population of a $z\sim 3.25$ Ly$\alpha$ emitting group associated with a damped Ly$\alpha$ absorber