Detections of Lyman Continuum from Star-forming Galaxies at z~3 Through Subaru/Suprime-Cam Narrow-band Imaging

Abstract

Knowing the amount of ionizing photons from young star-forming galaxies is of particular importance to understanding the reionization process. Here we report initial results of Subaru/Suprime-Cam deep imaging observation of the SSA22 proto-cluster region at z=3.09, using a special narrow-band filter to optimally trace Lyman continuum (LyC) from galaxies at z~3. The unique wide field-of-view of Suprime-Cam enabled us to search for ionizing photons from 198 galaxies (73 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and 125 Ly-alpha emitters (LAEs)) with spectroscopically measured redshifts z~3.1. We detected LyC from 7 LBGs, as well as from 10 LAE candidates. Some of the detected galaxies show significant spatial offsets of LyC from non-ionizing UV emission. For some LBGs the observed non-ionizing UV to LyC flux density ratios are smaller than values expected from population synthesis models with a standard Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) with moderate dust attenuation (which is suggested from the observed UV slopes), even if we assume very transparent IGM along the sightlines of these objects. This implies an intrinsically bluer spectral energy distribution, e.g, that produced by a top-heavy IMF, for these LBGs. The observed flux desity ratios of non-ionizing UV to LyC of 7 detected LBGs range from 2.4 to 23.8 and the median is 6.6. The observed flux density ratios of the detected LAEs are even smaller than LBGs, if they are truly at z~3.1. We find that the median value of the flux density ratio for the deteced LBGs suggest that their escape fractions is likely to be higher than 4%, if the LyC escape is isotropic. The results imply that some of the LBGs in the proto-cluster at z~3 have the escape fraction significantly higher than that of galaxies (in a general field) at z~1 studied previously.

9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (9)

• Subaru Deep Survey V. A Census of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=4 and 5 in the Subaru Deep Fields: Photometric Properties
• The Direct Detection of Lyman-Continuum Emission from Star-forming Galaxies at z~3
• Escape of Ionizing Radiation from High Redshift Galaxies
• New Constraints on the Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction at z~1.3
• Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z ~ 3-4
• The Gemini Deep Deep Survey: VIII. When Did Early-type Galaxies Form?
• A Monte Carlo simulation of the intergalactic absorption and the detectability of the Lyman continuum from distant galaxies
• Spitzer identifications and classifications of submillimeter galaxies in giant, high-redshift Lyman-alpha emission-line nebulae
• Modeling Lyman continuum emission from young galaxies

Cited by in corpus (164)

• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
• The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function Over the First Two Billion Years
• Strong Nebular Line Ratios in the Spectra of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies: First Results from KBSS-MOSFIRE
• The First Galaxies
• An updated analytic model for the attenuation by the intergalactic medium
• The Birth of a Galaxy - III. Propelling reionisation with the faintest galaxies
• Escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization: effects due to supernova feedback and runaway OB stars
• Ionization State of Inter-Stellar Medium in Galaxies: Evolution, SFR-M_star-Z Dependence, and Ionizing Photon Escape
• Early star-forming galaxies and the reionization of the Universe
• The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
• Detection of high Lyman continuum leakage from four low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies
• The Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic Survey (KLCS): The Emergent Ionizing Spectrum of Galaxies at $z\sim 3$
• Rest-frame ultraviolet-to-optical spectral characteristics of extremely metal-poor and metal-free galaxies
• Using Lyman-alpha to detect galaxies that leak Lyman continuum
• Large Area Survey for z=7 Galaxies in SDF and GOODS-N: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Cosmic Reionization
• Full-Data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 6-10$ and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization
• Lyman continuum leaking from the compact star-forming dwarf galaxy J0925+1403
• Extreme Feedback and the Epoch of Reionization: Clues in the Local Universe
• Evidence for a Non-Uniform Initial Mass Function in the Local Universe
• On the redshift-evolution of the Lyman-alpha escape fraction and the dust content of galaxies
• Lower-Luminosity Galaxies could reionize the Universe: Very Steep Faint-End Slopes to the UV Luminosity Functions at z>=5-8 from the HUDF09 WFC3/IR Observations
• J1154+2443: a low-redshift compact star-forming galaxy with a 46 per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons
• Completing the Census of Ly-alpha Emitters at the Reionization Epoch
• Fluctuating feedback-regulated escape fraction of ionizing radiation in low-mass, high-redshift galaxies
• CANDELS: The Contribution of the Observed Galaxy Population to Cosmic Reionization
• Escape fraction of ionizing photons from high-redshift galaxies in cosmological SPH simulations
• Observations of the Lyman-$\alpha$ Universe
• A Local Clue to the Reionization of the Universe
• An extreme [OIII] emitter at $z=3.2$: a low metallicity Lyman continuum source
• The spectral evolution of the first galaxies. II. Spectral signatures of Lyman continuum leakage from galaxies in the reionization epoch
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Survey: Ionizing Radiation from [O III]-Strong Sources at a Redshift of 3.1
• Constraints on the Star Formation Efficiency of Galaxies During the Epoch of Reionization
• Rapid Decline of Lyman-alpha Emission Toward the Reionization Era
• UVUDF: Ultraviolet Through Near-infrared Catalog and Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Stellar Populations of Lyman Alpha Emitters at z~6-7: Constraints on the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons from Galaxy Building Blocks
• Escape of Lyman continuum radiation from local galaxies - Detection of leakage from the young starburst Tol 1247-232
• Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars
• A Refined Estimate of the Ionizing Emissivity from Galaxies at z~3: Spectroscopic Follow-up in the SSA22a Field
• A Deep HST Search for Escaping Lyman Continuum Flux at z~1.3: Evidence for an Evolving Ionizing Emissivity
• The Difficulty of Getting High Escape Fractions of Ionizing Photons from High-redshift Galaxies: a View from the FIRE Cosmological Simulations
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey: Constraints on the Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction Distribution of Lyman--Break Galaxies at 3.4<z<4.5
• CANDELS Multiwavelength Catalogs: Source Identification and Photometry in the CANDELS COSMOS Survey Field
• The LyA-LyC Connection: Evidence for an Enhanced Contribution of UV-faint Galaxies to Cosmic Reionization
• Binary Stars Can Provide the "Missing Photons" Needed for Reionization
• On The Detection Of Ionizing Radiation Arising From Star-Forming Galaxies At Redshift z ~ 3-4 : Looking For Analogs Of "Stellar Reionizers"
• Lyman continuum leakage from low-mass galaxies with Mstar < 1.E8 Msun
• Observational Searches for Galaxies at z > 6
• The Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy `The Cosmic Horseshoe': A Close-up of a Star-forming Galaxy at z = 2
• Keck Spectroscopy of Gravitationally Lensed z=4 Galaxies: Improved Constraints on the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons
• The Connection Between Reddening, Gas Covering Fraction, and the Escape of Ionizing Radiation at High Redshift
• Ionizing radiation from z=4-10 galaxies
• Narrowband imaging of Escaping Lyman-Continuum Emission in the SSA22 Field
• The Column Density Distribution and Continuum Opacity of the Intergalactic and Circumgalactic Medium at Redshift <z>=2.4
• Average Metallicity and Star Formation Rate of Lya Emitters Probed by a Triple Narrow-Band Survey
• First Spectroscopic Evidence for High Ionization State and Low Oxygen Abundance in Lya Emitters
• The redshift evolution of escape fraction of hydrogen ionizing photons from galaxies
• Local Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs: The Impact of Massive Star-forming Clumps on the Interstellar Medium and the Global Structure of Young, Forming Galaxies
• The Epoch of Reionization
• A Deep Hubble and Keck Search for Definitive Identification of Lyman Continuum Emitters at z~3.1
• The CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS)
• A Hard Ionizing Spectrum in z=3-4 Ly-alpha Emitters with Intense [OIII] Emission: Analogs of Galaxies in the Reionization Era?
• A Close Comparison between Observed and Modeled Lyα Lines for z ~ 2.2 Lyman Alpha Emitters
• The Lyman Continuum escape fraction of galaxies at z=3.3 in the VUDS-LBC/COSMOS field
• Escape Fraction of Ionizing Radiation from Starburst Galaxies at High Redshifts
• On the relative Contribution of high-redshift Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei to Reionization
• A High-Resolution Hubble Space Telescope Study of Apparent Lyman Continuum Leakers at $z\sim 3$
• Indirect Evidence for Escaping Ionizing Photons in Local Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs
• The First Billion Years project - IV: Proto-galaxies reionising the Universe
• Reducing low signal-to-noise FUSE spectra: confirmation of Lyman continuum escape from Haro 11
• UVUDF: Ultraviolet Imaging of the Hubble Ultradeep Field with Wide-field Camera 3
• Linking Ly-alpha and Low-Ionization Transitions at Low Optical Depth
• Narrowband Lyman-Continuum Imaging of Galaxies at z ~ 2.85
• Peering through the holes: the far UV color of star-forming galaxies at z~3-4 and the escaping fraction of ionizing radiation
• The Mean Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Representative Sample of Faint z~3 Lyman Alpha Emitters
• Evolution in the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons and the Decline in Strong Lya Emission from z>6 Galaxies
• A Spectroscopic Search for Leaking Lyman Continuum at z~0.7
• The Evolution and Properties of Rotating Massive Star Populations
• Constraints on the Ionizing Efficiency of the First Galaxies
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Low-Mass Star-Forming Galaxies at z~1
• A low escape fraction of ionizing photons of L>L* Lyman break galaxies at z=3.3
• Escape of Lyman-alpha and continuum photons from star-forming galaxies
• Filamentary Infall of Cold Gas and Escape of Lyman Alpha and Hydrogen Ionizing Radiation from an Interacting High-Redshift Galaxy
• The nebular emission of star-forming galaxies in a hierarchical universe
• A physical model for the evolving UV luminosity function of high redshift galaxies and their contribution to the cosmic reionization
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of The Cosmic Horseshoe: A Test of Indirect Estimates
• The Effect of Galactic Properties on the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons
• Quantifying Distributions of Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction
• Contamination on Lyman continuum emission at z >= 3: implication on the ionising radiation evolution
• Intergalactic Lyman continuum photon budget in the past 5 billion years
• On the Evolution of the Cosmic Ionizing Background
• Runaway Stars and the Escape of Ionizing Radiation from High-Redshift Galaxies
• Constraints on the Lyman continuum escape fraction for faint star forming galaxies
• New constraints on the average escape fraction of Lyman continuum radiation in z~4 galaxies from the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS)
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Survey: Connecting Time-Dependent [OIII] and [OII] Line Emission with Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction in Simulations of Galaxy Formation
• Lyman continuum galaxies and the escape fraction of Lyman break galaxies
• The escape of ionizing photons from supernova-dominated primordial galaxies
• The evolution of HI and CIV quasar absorption line systems at 1.9 < z < 3.2
• The escape of ionising radiation from high-redshift dwarf galaxies
• Properties of QSO Metal Line Absorption Systems at High Redshifts: Nature and Evolution of the Absorbers and New Evidence on Escape of Ionizing Radiation from Galaxies
• New Constraints on the Escape of Ionizing Photons From Starburst Galaxies Using Ionization-Parameter Mapping
• An Ionization Cone in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 5253
• Limits on the LyC signal from z~3 sources with secure redshift and HST coverage in the E-CDFS field
• The Lyman Continuum Escape and ISM properties in Tololo 1247-232 - New Insights from HST and VLA
• Detection of hot, metal-enriched outflowing gas around $z\approx$2.3 star-forming galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• Winds of change: reionization by starburst galaxies
• Dwarf Galaxies with Ionizing Radiation Feedback. I: Escape of Ionizing Photons
• Observational Properties of Simulated Galaxies in Overdense and Average Regions at High Redshifts z= 6-12
• Lyman "bump" galaxies - I. Spectral energy distribution of galaxies with an escape of nebular Lyman continuum
• Observing the first galaxies
• Stacking the Cosmic Web in Fluorescent Lyman alpha Emission with MUSE
• Lyman `bump' galaxies - II. A possible signature of massive extremely metal-poor or metal-free stars in z=3.1 Ly-alpha emitters
• Observational constraints on key-parameters of cosmic reionisation history
• Neutral ISM, Lyman-Alpha and Lyman-continuum in the nearby starburst Haro 11
• Lyman continuum leaking galaxies - Search strategies and local candidates
• HeII emission in Lyman-alpha nebulae: AGN or cooling radiation?
• Determining the escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization with the GRB derived star-formation rate
• Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between blue and red
• Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 Observations of Escaping Lyman Continuum Radiation from Galaxies and Weak AGN at Redshifts $z$$\simeq$2.3-4.1
• Mapping the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons Using Resolved Stars: A Much Higher Escape Fraction for NGC 4214
• Effect of Intergalactic Medium on the Observability of Lyman Alpha Emitters during Cosmic Reionization
• Searching for candidates of Lyman continuum sources - revisiting the SSA22 field
• Nebular line emission from z > 7 galaxies in cosmological simulations: rest-frame UV to Optical lines
• HST Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: The Ly-alpha Escape Fraction
• Detections of Faint Lyman-alpha Emitters at z = 5.7: Galaxy Building Blocks and Engines of Reionization
• Probing high-redshift galaxies with Ly$\alpha$ intensity mapping
• The source of leaking ionizing photons from Haro11 -- Clues from HST/COS spectroscopy of knots A, B and C
• Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction from Low-mass Starbursts at z=1.3
• IGM Transmission Bias for $z$ $\ge$ 2.9 Lyman Continuum Detected Galaxies
• Effects of Star Formation Stochasticity on the Ly-alpha & Lyman Continuum Emission from Dwarf Galaxies during Reionization
• SCORCH. II. Radiation-Hydrodynamic simulations of reionization with varying radiation escape fractions
• ALMA observations of a z~3.1 Protocluster: Star Formation from Active Galactic Nuclei and Lyman-Alpha Blobs in an Overdense Environment
• Can the 21 cm signal probe Population III and II star formation?
• Expanding the search for galaxies at z ~7-10 with new NICMOS Parallel Fields
• On the Nature of AGN and Star Formation Enhancement in the $z=3.1$ SSA22 Protocluster: The HST WFC3 IR View
• Constraining the Contribution of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei to Cosmic Reionization
• He II optical depth and UV escape fraction of galaxies
• Lyman Continuum Galaxy Candidates in COSMOS
• 3D-HST Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Discrepancies in the Optical/UV Star Formation Rates
• Outside the Lyman-break box: detecting Lyman continuum emitters at $3.5<z<5.1$ with CLAUDS
• Upper limits on the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from galaxies at $2\lesssim z<6$
• CHORUS. I. Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru: Overview
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at $2.4\lesssim z\lesssim 3.0$ from UVCANDELS
• Low-Metallicity Star Formation in High-Redshift Galaxies at z~8
• Mean Energy Density of Photogenerated Magnetic Fields Throughout the Epoch of Reionization
• Modeling Reionization in a Bursty Universe
• Subaru narrow-band imaging search for Lyman continuum from galaxies at z>3 in the GOODS-N field
• Trident: A three-pronged galaxy survey. I. Lyman alpha emitting galaxies at z~2 in GOODS North
• Testing an indirect method for identifying galaxies with high levels of Lyman continuum leakage
• Semi-Numerical Simulation of Reionization with Semi-Analytical Modeling of Galaxy Formation
• The Effect of the Remnant Mass in Estimating Stellar Mass of Galaxies
• Investigating the Lyman photon escape in local starburst galaxies with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
• The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Overview of innovative science programs
• Detections of [C II] 158 $\mu$m and [O III] 88 $\mu$m in a Local Lyman Continuum Emitter, Mrk 54, and its Implications to High-redshift ALMA Studies
• Observations of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at High Redshift
• Cosmic reionization of hydrogen and helium: contribution from both mini-quasars and stars
• On the star formation efficiency in high redshift Lyman-α emitters
• The variance of dispersion measure of high-redshift transient objects as a probe of ionized bubble size during reionization
• Emission Line Galaxies in the SHARDS Hubble Frontier Fields II: Limits on Lyman-Continuum Escape Fractions of Lensed Emission Line Galaxies at Redshifts 2 < z < 3.5
• Diversity of the Lyman continuum escape fractions of high-$z$ galaxies and its origins
• ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09
• Deep inference of simulated strong lenses in ground-based surveys
• A Gravitational Lens Model for the Lya Emitter, LAE 221724+001716 at z=3.1 in the SSA 22 Field
• Characterizing CO Emitters in the SSA22-AzTEC26 Field