p-type Bi2Se3 for topological insulator and low temperature thermoelectric applications

Abstract

The growth and elementary properties of p-type Bi2Se3 single crystals are reported. Based on a hypothesis about the defect chemistry of Bi2Se3, the p-type behavior has been induced through low level substitutions (1 percent or less) of Ca for Bi. Scanning tunneling microscopy is employed to image the defects and establish their charge. Tunneling and angle resolved photoemission spectra show that the Fermi level has been lowered into the valence band by about 400 meV in Bi1.98Ca0.02Se3 relative to the n-type material. p-type single crystals with ab plane Seebeck coefficients of +180 microVK-1 at room temperature are reported. These crystals show a giant anomalous peak in the Seebeck coefficient at low temperatures, reaching +120 microVK-1 at 7 K, giving them a high thermoelectric power factor at low temperatures. In addition to its interesting thermoelectric properties, p-type Bi2Se3 is of substantial interest for studies of technologies and phenomena proposed for topological insulators.

v2: STM characterization of n and p type Bi2Se3 is added

References in corpus (5)

• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
• Topological Insulators with Inversion Symmetry
• A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase : Experimental observation of first strong topological insulator
• Phase transition between the quantum spin Hall and insulator phases in 3D: emergence of a topological gapless phase
• Electrons on the surface of Bi2Se3 form a topologically-ordered two dimensional gas with a non-trivial Berry's phase

Cited by in corpus (184)

• Topological Insulators
• Topological insulators and superconductors
• First observation of Spin-Momentum Helical Locking in Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, demonstration of Topological-Order at 300K and a realization of topological-transport-regime
• Observation of giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor
• Colloquium: Topological Band Theory
• Crossover of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator of Bi2Se3 to the Two-Dimensional Limit
• Superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 and its implications for pairing in the undoped topological insulator
• Tunable Multifunctional Topological Insulators in Ternary Heusler Compounds
• Topological Defects and Gapless Modes in Insulators and Superconductors
• Hexagonal Warping Effects in the Surface States of Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Experimental demonstration of the topological surface states protected by the time-reversal symmetry
• Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators
• Gate-Voltage Control of Chemical Potential and Weak Anti-localization in Bismuth Selenide
• Band structure engineering in (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators
• STM imaging of electronic waves on the surface of Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$: topologically protected surface states and hexagonal warping effects
• The development of ferromagnetism in the doped topological insulator Bi2-xMnxTe3
• Bulk Band Gap and Surface State Conduction Observed in Voltage-Tuned Crystals of the Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Strong surface scattering in ultrahigh mobility Bi2Se3 topological insulator crystals
• Landau Quantization of Massless Dirac Fermions in Topological Insulator
• Quantum interference in macroscopic crystals of non-metallic Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Quintuple-layer epitaxy of high-quality Bi2Se3 thin films for topological insulator
• Thickness-dependent bulk properties and weak anti-localization effect in topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Reactive chemical doping of the $B{i}_{2}S{e}_3$ topological insulator
• Crystal Structure and Chemistry of Topological Insulators
• Optical characterization of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ in a magnetic field: infrared evidence for magnetoelectric coupling in a topological insulator material
• Direct Evidence for the Dirac-Cone Topological Surface States in Ternary Chalcogenide TlBiSe2
• Weak localization of bulk channels in topological insulator thin film
• Topological Surface States and Dirac point tuning in ternary Bi2Te2Se class of topological insulators
• Van der Waals epitaxy of Bi2Se3 on Si(111) vicinal surface: An approach to prepare high-quality thin films of topological insulator
• Topological quantum materials from the viewpoint of chemistry
• Topological insulators and thermoelectric materials
• Two-dimensional surface charge transport in topological insulators
• Topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films grown on double-layer graphene by molecular beam epitaxy
• First Principles Investigations of the Atomic, Electronic, and Thermoelectric Properties of Equilibrium and Strained Bi2Se3 & Bi2Te3, with van der Waals Interactions
• Mexican Hat and Rashba Bands in Few-Layer van der Waals Materials
• Chiral orbital-angular-momentum in the surface states of Bi2Se3
• Low carrier concentration crystals of the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Te${}_2$Se
• Disordered Topological Insulators: A Non-Commutative Geometry Perspective
• Transport Properties of Topological Insulators: Band Bending, Bulk Metal-to-Insulator Transition, and Weak Anti-Localization
• Transport in three-dimensional topological insulators: theory and experiment
• Stability, Electronic and Magnetic properties of magnetically doped topological insulators Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3
• Simultaneous quantization of bulk conduction and valence states through adsorption of nonmagnetic impurities on Bi2Se3
• Coherent Heteroepitaxy of Bi2Se3 on GaAs (111)B
• Ultrafast carrier and phonon dynamics in Bi2Se3 crystals
• Surface dominated transport in single crystalline nanoflake devices of topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2
• Topological insulators and fractional quantum Hall effect on the ruby lattice
• Fermi level tuning and a large activation gap achieved in the topological insulator Bi_{2}Te_{2}Se by Sn doping
• Magnetic Doping and Kondo Effect in Bi2Se3 Nanoribbons
• Emergence of decoupled surface transport channels in bulk insulating Bi2Se3 thin films
• Ab initio optimization of phonon drag effect for lower-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion
• Quasiparticle scattering in two dimensional helical liquid
• Superconductivity and non-metallicity induced by doping the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3
• Quasi-particle scattering and protected nature of topological states in a parent topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Evolution of the fermi surface of a doped topological insulator with carrier concentration
• Stability of the Bi2Se3(111) topological state: electron-phonon and -defect scattering
• Controllable magnetic doping of the surface state of a topological insulator
• Optical conductivity of Bismuth-based topological insulator
• Intrinsic conduction through topological surface states of insulating Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ epitaxial thin films
• Superconductivity of topological insulator Bi2Se3 at high pressures
• STM imaging of impurity resonances on Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Structural and Electrical Characterization of Bi2Se3 Nanostructures Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
• Toward the intrinsic limit of topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Thermoelectric properties of semimetals
• Thermoelectricity by Perfectly Conducting Channels in Quantum Spin Hall Systems
• Observations of two-dimensional quantum oscillations and ambipolar transport in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 achieved by Cd doping
• Tuning carrier type and density in Bi2Se3 by Ca-doping
• Surface versus bulk state in topological insulator Bi2Se3 under environmental disorder
• 2D layered transport properties from topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ single crystals and micro flakes
• Parallel field magnetoresistance in topological insulator thin films
• Ambipolar Surface State Thermoelectric Power of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
• Suppressing twin formation in Bi2Se3 thin films
• Resonant levels, vacancies and doping in Bi2Te3, Bi2Te2Se and Bi2Se3 tetradymites
• Low carrier concentration crystals of the topological insulator Bi${}_{2-x}$Sb${}_x$Te${}_{3-y}$Se${}_y$: a magnetotransport study
• High pressure transport properties of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Optical evidence of surface state suppression in Bi based topological insulators
• Three-dimensional superconductors with hybrid higher order topology
• Electromagnetic response of quantum Hall systems in dimensions five and six and beyond
• Observation of warping effects in the band and angular momentum structures of topological insulator Bi2Te3
• Thickness and strain effects on the thermoelectric transport in nanostructured Bi2Se3
• The electronic structure of clean and adsorbate-covered Bi2Se3: an angle-resolved photoemission study
• Thermoelectric performance of classical topological insulator nanowires
• On the Dopability of Semiconductors and Governing Material Properties
• Spin-Triplet Vortex State in the Topological Superconductor CuxBi2Se3
• Time reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity in topological materials
• Topological surface states of Bi2Se3 with the coexistence of Se vacancies
• Coherent control of injection currents in high-quality films of Bi2Se3
• Electrostatic Coupling between Two Surfaces of a Topological Insulator Nanodevice
• Surface state band mobility and thermopower in semiconducting bismuth nanowires
• New class of 3D topological insulator in double perovskite
• Solution to the hole-doping problem and tunable quantum Hall effect in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ thin films
• Dependence of superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 on quenching conditions
• Topological phases in Iridium oxide superlattices: quantized anomalous charge or valley Hall insulators
• Ballistic magnon heat conduction and possible Poiseuille flow in the helimagnetic insulator Cu${}_2$OSeO${}_3$
• The role of surface chemical reactivity in the stability of electronic nanodevices based on two-dimensional materials "beyond graphene" and topological insulators
• Ambipolar transport in bulk crystals of a topological insulator by gating with ionic liquid
• Intrinsic Ultrathin Topological Insulators Grown via MBE Characterized by in-situ Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Observation of three-dimensional Dirac semimetal state in topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe of electronic states of Bi2Se3
• Bulk Intergrowth of a Topological Insulator with a Room Temperature Ferromagnet
• Topological Insulators and Quantum Spin Liquids
• Revealing Optical Transitions and Carrier Recombination Dynamics within the Bulk Band Structure of Bi2Se3
• Spin-orbit scattering in quantum diffusion of massive Dirac fermions
• Indium substitution effect on the topological crystalline insulator family (Pb${}_{1-x}$Sn${}_x$)${}_{1-y}$In${}_y$Te: Topological and superconducting properties
• Three-dimensional topological insulators: A review on host materials
• Role of Se vacancies on Shubnikov de Haas oscillations in Bi2Se3: a combined magneto-resistance and positron annihilation study
• Response of the topological surface state to surface disorder in TlBiSe${}_2$
• Thermoelectric Effects and Topological Insulators
• Progress in epitaxial thin-film Na3Bi as a topological electronic material
• Bi2Te_xSe_y series studied by resistivity and thermopower
• Topological dynamics of gyroscopic and Floquet lattices from Newton's laws
• Carrier density dependence of the magnetic properties in iron-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator
• Weak antilocalization effect due to topological surface states in Bi${}_2$Se${}_{2.1}$Te${}_{0.9}$
• Photocurrents in Bi2Se3: bulk versus surface, and injection versus shift currents
• Dirac states with knobs on: interplay of external parameters and the surface electronic properties of 3D topological insulators
• Electronic properties of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ dopped by $3d$ transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) ions
• Thermoelectric power factor of Bi-Sb-Te and Bi-Te-Se alloys and doping strategy: First-principles study
• Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets
• Low vibration high numerical aperture automated variable temperature Raman microscope
• Absence of superconductivity in ultra-thin layers of FeSe synthesized on a topological insulator
• Signature of the topological surface state in the thermoelectric properties of Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Discovery of several large families of Topological Insulator classes with backscattering-suppressed spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface
• Colossal anisotropy in diluted magnetic topological insulators
• The noncommutative Kubo Formula: Applications to Transport in Disordered Topological Insulators with and without Magnetic Fields
• Hot-carrier transport and spin relaxation on the surface of topological insulator
• Ferromagnetic Anomalous Hall Effect in Cr-doped Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ Thin Films via Surface-State Engineering
• Termination of Single Crystal Bi2Se3 Surfaces Prepared by Various Methods
• Controlled MOCVD growth of Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbons
• Co atoms on Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ revealing a coverage dependent spin reorientation transition
• ${}^{77}$Se nuclear magnetic resonance of topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Inverse Design of Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity Materials Via Lone Pair Cation Coordination Environment
• In-Plane Magnetoresistance on the Surface of Topological Insulator
• Prominent metallic surface conduction and the singular magnetic response of topological Dirac fermion in three-dimensional topological insulator Bi${}_{1.5}$Sb${}_{0.5}$Te${}_{1.7}$Se${}_{1.3}$
• Thermal conductivity of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ from bulk to thin films: theory and experiment
• Effect of Mn doping on ultrafast carrier dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Topologically Invariant Double Dirac States in Bismuth based Perovskites: Consequence of Ambivalent Charge States and Covalent Bonding
• Tuning and Stabilizing Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 in the Intrinsic Regime by Charge Extraction with Organic Overlayers
• Many Topological Insulators Fail the Surface Conduction Test
• Sondheimer Oscillation as a Fingerprint of Surface Dirac Fermions
• Ionic and electronic properties of the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Te${}_2$Se investigated using $\beta$-detected nuclear magnetic relaxation and resonance of ${}^8$Li
• Prevalence of oxygen defects in an in-plane anisotropic transition metal dichalcogenide
• Spin-Polarized Quantum Well States on Bi${}_{2-x}$Fe${}_x$Se${}_3$
• Carrier doping of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ surface by chemical adsorption -- a DFT study
• Synchronous and Asynchronous Mott Transitions in Topological Insulator Ribbons
• Internal pressure in superconducting Cu intercalated Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Negative Magnetoresistance in Topological Semimetals of Transition-Metal Dipnictides with Nontrivial Z2 Indices
• Theory of electron spin resonance in bulk topological insulators Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3
• Nernst effect of high-mobility Weyl electrons in NdAlSi enhanced by a Fermi surface nesting instability
• Preparation of clean surfaces and Se vacancy formation in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ by ion bombardment and annealing
• Temperature Induced Spin Density Wave in Magnetic Doped Topological Insulators
• Local electronic and magnetic properties of the doped topological insulators Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$:Ca and Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$:Mn investigated using ion-implanted ${}^8$Li $\beta$-NMR
• Electron and Hole Injection via Charge Transfer at the Topological-Insulator $B{i}_{2-x}S{b}_{x}T{e}_{3-y}S{e}_y$/Organic-Molecule Interface
• Ambipolar surface state transport in non-metallic stoichiometric Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ crystals
• A theoretical study on the performances of thermoelectric heat engine and refrigerator with two-dimensional electron reservoirs
• Magnetic Order in 3D Topological Insulators -- Wishful Thinking or Gateway to Emergent Quantum Effects?
• Magnetic properties of Mn-doped Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulators: ab initio calculations
• Thermoelectric prospects of nanomaterials with spin-orbit surface bands
• Ultrafast dynamics of photocurrents in surface states of 3D topological insulators
• The hole Fermi surface in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ probed by quantum oscillations
• Ab initio investigation of impurity-induced in-gap states in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ and Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Band structures and ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ invariants of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers from fully-relativistic Dirac-Kohn-Sham theory using Gaussian-type orbitals
• Structural and magneto-transport studies of iron intercalated Bi2Se3 single crystals
• Structural Phase Transition and Carrier Density Tuning in SnSexTe1-x Nanoplates for Topological Crystalline Insulators
• Momentum relaxation effects in 2D-Xene field effect device structures
• Surface Structure of In Situ Cleaved Single Crystal Bi2Se3 Measured by Low Energy Ion Scattering
• Chemical Gating of a Weak Topological Insulator: Bi14Rh3I9
• Spontaneous ferromagnetism and finite surface energy gap in the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ from surface Bi$_\rm{Se}$ antisite defects
• NMR in an electric field: A bulk probe of the hidden spin and orbital polarizations
• From classical to quantum regime of topological surface states via defect engineering
• Topological Insulator VxBi1.08-xSn0.02Sb0.9Te2S as a Promising n-type Thermoelectric Material
• Electronic Transport Studies of Ag-doped Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator
• Pb-doped p-type Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ thin films via interfacial engineering
• Kondo Tunneling into a Quantum Spin Hall Insulator
• Spontaneous symmetry breaking and quantum Hall valley ordering on the surface of topological hexaborides
• Quantum Transport and Magnetism of Dirac Electrons in Solids
• Distinctive Electronic Characteristics and Ultra-high Thermoelectric Power Factor in Be-Fe Intermetallics
• Beta-Ag2Te: A topological insulator with strong anisotropy
• Twin Domain Structure in Magnetically Doped Topological Insulators
• Effects of iron doping on the topological insulator surfaces
• Bulk Rashba spin splitting and Dirac surface state in $p$-type (Bi${}_{0.9}$Sb${}_{0.1}{)}_2$Se${}_3$ single crystal
• Anomalous 140 K electronic transition in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$: Possible charge order in a defect-engineered system
• Superfluidity and effective mass of magnetoexcitons in topological insulator bilayers: Effect of inter-Landau-level Coulomb interaction
• Sb doping effect on transport behavior in the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Planar Hall supercurrent and δϕ-shift in the topological Josephson junction
• Atomically Abrupt Topological p-n Junction