Topological quantum materials from the viewpoint of chemistry

Abstract

Topology, a mathematical concept, has recently become a popular and truly transdisciplinary topic encompassing condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, and materials science. Since there is a direct connection between real space, namely atoms, valence electrons, bonds and orbitals, and reciprocal space, namely bands and Fermi surfaces, via symmetry and topology, classifying topological materials within a single-particle picture is possible. Currently, most materials are classified as trivial insulators, semimetals and metals, or as topological insulators, Dirac and Weyl nodal-line semimetals, and topological metals. The key ingredients for topology are: certain symmetries, the inert pair effect of the outer electrons leading to inversion of the conduction and valence bands, and spin-orbit coupling. This review presents the topological concepts related to solids from the viewpoint of a solid-state chemist, summarizes techniques for growing single crystals, and describes basic physical property measurement techniques to characterize topological materials beyond their structure and provide examples of such materials. Finally, a brief outlook on the impact of topology in other areas of chemistry is provided at the end of the article.

arXiv commentReview Article, 28 Figures

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• Evidence for dominant phonon-electron scattering in Weyl semimetal WP${}_2$
• Nernst effect as a probe of superconducting fluctuations in disordered thin films
• Direct observation of six-fold exotic fermions in topological semimetal PdSb${}_2$
• Comprehensive scan for nonmagnetic Weyl semimetals with nonlinear optical response
• Single crystal growth and magnetoresistivity study of topological semimetal CoSi
• Strong bulk photovoltaic effect in chiral crystal in the visible spectrum
• Observation of sixfold degenerate fermions in PdSb${}_2$
• Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in the density wave phase of Y${}_2$Ir${}_2$O${}_7$
• Floating zone furnace equipped with a high power laser of 1kW composed of five smart beams
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• Orbital photogalvanic effects in quantum-confined structures
• Bringing order to the expanding fermion zoo

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• Ultrafast switching of photoinduced phonon chirality in the antiferrochiral BPO${}_4$ crystal
• Intertwined topological phases in TaAs2 nanowires with giant magnetoresistance and quantum coherent surface transport
• Discovery of nodal-line superconductivity in chiral crystals
• I-centered vs F-centered orthorhombic symmetry and negative thermal expansion of the charge density wave of EuAl2Ga2
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