Quantum computing with defects

Abstract

Identifying and designing physical systems for use as qubits, the basic units of quantum information, are critical steps in the development of a quantum computer. Among the possibilities in the solid state, a defect in diamond known as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV-1) center stands out for its robustness - its quantum state can be initialized, manipulated, and measured with high fidelity at room temperature. Here we describe how to systematically identify other deep center defects with similar quantum-mechanical properties. We present a list of physical criteria that these centers and their hosts should meet and explain how these requirements can be used in conjunction with electronic structure theory to intelligently sort through candidate defect systems. To illustrate these points in detail, we compare electronic structure calculations of the NV-1 center in diamond with those of several deep centers in 4H silicon carbide (SiC). We then discuss the proposed criteria for similar defects in other tetrahedrally-coordinated semiconductors.

31 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

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• The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond re-visited
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Cited by in corpus (232)

• The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond
• Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature
• Entanglement of two qubits mediated by one-dimensional plasmonic waveguides
• Isolated electron spins in silicon carbide with millisecond-coherence times
• Indistinguishable photons from separated silicon-vacancy centers in diamond
• Polytype control of spin qubits in silicon carbide
• Engineered Quantum Dot Single Photon Sources
• Semiconductor Qubits In Practice
• First-principles theory of the luminescence lineshape for the triplet transition in diamond NV centre
• Laser writing of coherent colour centres in diamond
• Temperature Dependence of Wavelength Selectable Zero-Phonon Emission from Single Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Strongly enhanced photon collection from diamond defect centres under micro-fabricated integrated solid immersion lenses
• Measurement and Control of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins above 600 K
• Scalable Architecture for a Room Temperature Solid-State Quantum Information Processor
• Optical Signatures of Quantum Emitters in Suspended Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Decoherence and dynamical decoupling control of nitrogen-vacancy center electron spins in nuclear spin baths
• Quantum decoherence dynamics of divacancy spins in silicon carbide
• Electrically and mechanically tunable electron spins in silicon carbide color centers
• Observation of non-Markovian micro-mechanical Brownian motion
• Many-Body Quantum Spin Dynamics with Monte Carlo Trajectories on a Discrete Phase Space
• Nuclear spin pair coherence in diamond for atomic scale magnetometry
• Photoelectrical detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
• Resonant addressing and manipulation of silicon vacancy qubits in silicon carbide
• Isolated spin qubits in SiC with a high-fidelity infrared spin-to-photon interface
• Coherent control of nitrogen-vacancy center spins in silicon carbide at room temperature
• Semiconductor Quantum Computation
• Detection of a single fundamental charge with nanoscale resolution in ambient conditions using the NV${}^{-}$ center in diamond
• Quantum simulations of materials on near-term quantum computers
• Confined Quasiparticle Dynamics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Spin Chains
• Optical absorption and emission mechanisms of single defects in hexagonal boron nitride
• Single artificial atoms in silicon emitting at telecom wavelengths
• Quantum many-body theory for electron spin decoherence in nanoscale nuclear spin baths
• Optical polarization of nuclear spins in silicon carbide
• Designing quantum dots for solotronics
• All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states
• Reduced phase error through optimized control of a superconducting qubit
• Continuous symmetry breaking and a new universality class in 1D long-range interacting quantum systems
• Room temperature coherent spin alignment of silicon vacancies in 4H- and 6H-SiC
• Topological phases in ultracold polar-molecule quantum magnets
• Persistence of locality in systems with power-law interactions
• Quantum Embedding Theory for Strongly-correlated States in Materials
• All-optical dc nanotesla magnetometry using silicon vacancy fine structure in isotopically purified silicon carbide
• Electron-Mediated Nuclear-Spin Interactions Between Distant NV Centers
• Silicon Carbide Photonic Crystal Cavities with Integrated Color Centers
• Three-dimensional quantum photonic elements based on single nitrogen vacancy-centres in laser-written microstructures
• Broad diversity of near-infrared single-photon emitters in silicon
• Integrated Diamond Optics for Single Photon Detection
• Spatial mapping of band bending in semiconductor devices using in-situ quantum sensors
• Identification of Si-vacancy related room temperature qubits in 4H silicon carbide
• Silicon vacancy center in 4H-SiC: Electronic structure and spin-photon interfaces
• Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering
• Electron Spin Decoherence in Silicon Carbide Nuclear Spin Bath
• Topologically Protected Quantum State Transfer in a Chiral Spin Liquid
• Bright and photostable single-photon emitter in silicon carbide
• Quantum correlations and entanglement in far-from-equilibrium spin systems
• Vector magnetometry using silicon vacancies in 4H-SiC at ambient conditions
• Coherently driving a single quantum two-level system with dichromatic laser pulses
• Resonant optical spectroscopy and coherent control of Cr4+ spin ensembles in SiC and GaN
• Materials challenges for quantum technologies based on color centers in diamond
• Engineering telecom single-photon emitters in silicon for scalable quantum photonics
• Simulating Quantum Materials with Digital Quantum Computers
• Characterization and formation of NV centers in 3C, 4H and 6H SiC: an \emph{ab initio} study
• Optical Properties of Vanadium in 4H Silicon Carbide for Quantum Technology
• First-principles Engineering of Charged Defects for Two-dimensional Quantum Technologies
• Antisite defect qubits in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Quantum well stabilized point defect spin qubits
• Theoretical model of the dynamic spin polarization of nuclei coupled to paramagnetic point defects in diamond and silicon carbide
• Single Color Centers Implanted in Diamond Nanostructures
• Single Spin Magnetic Resonance
• Causality and quantum criticality in long-range lattice models
• Resonant optical spin initialization and readout of single silicon vacancies in 4H-SiC
• Identification and tunable optical coherent control of transition-metal spins in silicon carbide
• Excitation and recombination dynamics of vacancy-related spin centers in silicon carbide
• Quantum embedding methods for correlated excited states of point defects: Case studies and challenges
• Long coherence time of spin qubits in ${}^{12}$C enriched polycrystalline CVD diamond
• Influence of irradiation on defect spin coherence in silicon carbide
• Kitaev honeycomb and other exotic spin models with polar molecules
• Coherent state transfer via highly mixed quantum spin chains
• Probing the coherence of solid-state qubits at avoided crossings
• Designing defect-based qubit candidates in wide-gap binary semiconductors for solid-state quantum technologies
• Vector magnetometry based on S=3/2 electronic spins
• Effective Theory and Breakdown of Conformal Symmetry in a Long-Range Quantum Chain
• Imperfections are not 0 K: free energy of point defects in crystals
• Greatly Enhanced Emission from Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Enabled by a Low-Loss Plasmonic Nano-Cavity
• Emergent locality in systems with power-law interactions
• Photophysics of GaN single photon sources in the visible spectral range
• Experimental characterization of coherent magnetization transport in a one-dimensional spin system
• Spin-photon entanglement interfaces in silicon carbide defect centers
• Vibronic response of a spin-1/2 state from a carbon impurity in two-dimensional WS${}_2$
• Quantum metrology with a single spin-$3/2$ defect in silicon carbide
• Local vibrational modes of Si vacancy spin qubits in SiC
• Excited state properties of point defects in semiconductors and insulators investigated with time-dependent density functional theory
• Machine-learning structural reconstructions for accelerated point defect calculations
• Simulating the electronic structure of spin defects on quantum computers
• Group III Quantum Defects in Diamond are Stable Spin-1 Color Centers
• Singular dynamics and emergence of nonlocality in long-range quantum models
• Generating spin squeezing states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement using a hybrid phonon-spin ensemble in diamond
• Spin polarization through Intersystem Crossing in the silicon vacancy of silicon carbide
• Quantum state transfer via acoustic edge states in a 2D optomechanical array
• Entangling Distant Spin qubits via a Magnetic Domain Wall
• \emph{Ab initio} spin-strain coupling parameters of divacancy qubits in silicon carbide
• Nonlinear microwave response of aluminum weak-link Josephson oscillators
• First-principles Studies of Strongly Correlated States in Defect Spin Qubits in Diamond
• Photoluminescence Lineshapes for Color Centers in Silicon Carbide from Density Functional Theory Calculations
• Longitudinal spin relaxation model applied to point defect qubit systems
• $\text{Ab initio}$ and group theoretical study of properties of the ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{C}}_{\text{N}}$ carbon trimer defect in h-BN
• Cavity cooling of an ensemble spin system
• A single-molecule approach to ZnO defect studies: single photons and single defects
• Quantum photonics in triangular-cross-section nanodevices in silicon carbide
• Correlating dynamic strain and photoluminescence of solid-state defects with stroboscopic x-ray diffraction microscopy
• Optical read and write of spin states in organic diradicals
• Spin transport in long-range interacting one-dimensional chain
• All-electron density functional calculations for electron and nuclear spin interactions in molecules and solids
• Nanotube spin defects for omnidirectional magnetic field sensing
• Doping a Bad Metal: Origin of Suppression of Metal-Insulator Transition in Non-Stoichiometric VO${}_2$
• Electronic structure and magneto-optical properties of silicon-nitrogen-vacancy complexes in diamond
• Site-Controlled Purcell-Induced Bright Single Photon Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• A general procedure for accurate defect excitation energies from DFT-1/2 band structures: The case of NV${}^{-}$ center in diamond
• Quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relation with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
• Electronic excitations of the charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond obtained using time-independent variational density functional calculations
• Spin-relaxation times exceeding seconds for color centers with strong spin-orbit coupling in SiC
• Symmetry breaking and spin-orbit coupling for individual vacancy-induced in-gap states in MoS2 monolayers
• Transverse Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect at Narrow Optical Resonances
• An integrated device with high performance multi-function generators and Time-to-digital convertors
• Collective dynamics of inhomogeneously broadened emitters coupled to an optical cavity with narrow linewidth
• Quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians with efficient encoding and ansatz schemes
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• Ab-initio calculation of point defect equilibria during heat treatment: Nitrogen, hydrogen, and silicon doped diamond
• Thermal evolution of silicon carbide electronic bands
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• Fast universal two-qubit gate for neutral fermionic atoms in optical tweezers
• The M-center in 4H-SiC is a carbon self-interstitial
• Single-Mode Optical Waveguides on Native High-Refractive-Index Substrates
• High-Q/V two-dimensional photonic crystals cavities in 3C-SiC
• Electron nuclear interactions and electronic structure of spin 3/2 color centers in silicon carbide: A high-field pulse EPR and ENDOR study
• Spin transport in disordered long-range interacting spin chain
• High-Fidelity Spin Measurement on the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center
• Vacancy-related color centers in twodimensional silicon carbide monolayers
• Advances in Quantum Defect Embedding Theory
• Excitonic properties of F-centers in $\alpha$-alumina from First Principles Calculation
• High temperature annealing enhanced diamond 13C hyperpolarization at room temperature
• Incidence of Quantum Confinement on Dark Triplet Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
• Na in Diamond: High Spin Defects Revealed by the ADAQ High-Throughput Computational Database
• Nonclassical Light Generation from III-V and Group-IV Solid-State Cavity Quantum Systems
• Accurately Determining Defect Ionization Energy in Low-Dimensional Semiconductors: Charge Corrected Jellium Model
• Accurate Excitation Energies of Point Defects from Fast Particle-Particle Random Approximation Calculations
• Extending qubit coherence by adaptive quantum environment learning
• Spontaneous generation of phononic entanglement in quantum dark-soliton qubits
• Atomically-precise engineering of spin-orbit polarons in a kagome magnetic Weyl semimetal
• First-Principles Framework for the Prediction of Intersystem Crossing Rates in Spin Defects: The Role of Electron Correlation
• Manipulating the Charge State of Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Computational protocol to evaluate electron-phonon interactions within density matrix perturbation theory
• Transition metal impurities in Silicon: Computational search for a semiconductor qubit
• Cavity cooling to the ground state of an ensemble quantum system
• Quantum Vibronic Effects on the Excitation Energies of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
• Temperature Study of Rydberg Exciton Optical Properties in Cu2O
• Calculation of the energies of the multideterminant states of the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond with quantum Monte Carlo
• Heterodyne detection of radio-frequency electric fields using point defects in silicon carbide
• Single quantum emitters with spin ground states based on Cl bound excitons in ZnSe
• Temperature dependence of the AB-lines and Optical Properties of the Carbon-Antisite Vacancy Pair in 4H-SiC
• Spin coherence as a function of depth for high-density ensembles of silicon vacancies in proton-irradiated 4H-SiC
• Intrinsic high-fidelity spin polarization of charged vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride
• Coherent control of an NV${}^{-}$ center with one adjacent 13C
• Spin qubit based on the nitrogen-vacancy center analog in a diamond-like compound C3BN
• Classical and quantum machine learning applications in spintronics
• Multi-configurational nature of electron correlation within nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
• Rare-earth defects and defect-related luminescence in ZnS
• Fabrication of quantum emitters in aluminium nitride by Al-ion implantation and thermal annealing
• Site-dependent properties of quantum emitters in nanostructured silicon carbide
• Predicting Solid State Material Platforms for Quantum Technologies
• Theoretical Investigation of Charge Transfer Between Two Defects in a Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor
• Theory of the divacancy in 4H-SiC: Impact of Jahn-Teller effect on optical properties
• Nuclear Spin Engineering for Quantum Information Science
• Nanometer-scale Exchange Interactions Between Spin Centers in Diamond
• Investigation of oxygen-vacancy complexes in diamond by means of \textit{ab initio} calculations
• Optical lineshapes of the C-center in silicon from ab initio calculations: Interplay of localized modes and bulk phonons
• Methods to Accelerate High-Throughput Screening of Atomic Qubit Candidates in van der Waals Materials
• Defects in Silicon Carbide as Quantum Qubits: Recent Advances in Defect Engineering
• Quantum Computation of Electronic Structure with Projector Augmented-Wave Method and Plane Wave Basis Set
• Optical line shapes of color centers in solids from classical autocorrelation functions
• Orbital and electronic entanglement in quantum teleportation schemes
• Coherent spectral hole burning and qubit isolation by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
• Mimicking quantum correlation of a long-range Hamiltonian by finite-range interactions
• Transition state redox during dynamical processes in semiconductors and insulators
• A CN complex as an alternative to the T center in Si
• High-Fidelity Entangling Gates for Electron and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond
• Polarization selective Dove prism
• Generalized scaling of spin qubit coherence in over 12,000 host materials
• Quantum Sensing of Single Phonons via Phonon Drag in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Ancilla mediated qubit readout and heralded entanglement between rare-earth dopant ions in crystals
• Material matters in superconducting qubits
• Subnanotesla quantum-interference magnetometry with a single spin in diamond
• Contributions to the optical linewidth of shallow donor-bound excitonic transition in ZnO
• Assessing the potential of perfect screw dislocations in SiC for solid-state quantum technologies
• Quantum Defects in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Terahertz Technologies
• Encoded probabilistic imaginary-time evolution on a trapped-ion quantum computer for ground and excited states of spin qubits
• Non-Abelian geometrical control of a qubit in an NV center in diamond
• First-principles computational methods for quantum defects in two-dimensional materials: A perspective
• Efficient Light Propagation Algorithm using Quantum Computers
• Cold ion beam in a storage ring as a platform for large-scale quantum computers and simulators: challenges and directions for research and development
• Nuclear spin relaxation in solid state defect quantum bits via electron-phonon coupling in their optical excited state
• Identifying candidate hosts for quantum defects via data mining
• The role of exchange interaction in nitrogen vacancy centre-based magnetometry
• Enhancing quantum exchanges between two oscillators
• Design of defect spins in piezoelectric aluminum nitride for solid-state hybrid quantum technologies
• Strategies to search for two-dimensional materials with long spin qubit coherence time
• NV-like Defects More Common Than Four-Leaf Clovers: A Perspective on High-Throughput Point Defect Data
• Intersystem Crossing and Exciton-Defect Coupling of Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Systematic investigation of dynamic nuclear polarization with boron vacancy in hexagonal boron nitride
• Classical Simulation of Quantum Adiabatic Algorithms using Mathematica on GPUs
• Ion sensors with crown ether-functionalized nanodiamonds
• Room-temperature coherent control of implanted defect spins in silicon carbide
• Physics and computer science: quantum computation and other approaches
• Microwave dependent quantum transport characteristics in GaN/AlGaN FETs
• Incorporation and control of defects with quantum functionality during sublimation growth of cubic silicon carbide
• Exploring the Spin Dynamics of a Room-Temperature Diamond Maser using an Extended rate Equation Model
• Stability and molecular pathways to the formation of spin defects in silicon carbide
• Steady-state entanglement of spin qubits mediated by nonreciprocal and chiral magnons
• Impact of Surface Treatment on Noise in PL-Measurements of Silicon Vacancies in 4H-SiC Lateral pin-Diodes
• Topological Properties and Characterizations
• Radiative electronic bound states in the continuum from defects in semiconductors
• Coupling quantum emitters in 2D materials with tapered fibers
• Near-band-gap photo-induced nuclear spin dynamics in semi-insulating GaAs: Hyperfine- and quadrupolar-driven relaxation
• Suppression of coherent errors during entangling operations in NV centers in diamond
• Tuning Spin Dynamics and Localization Near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Fe/GaAs heterostructures
• Magnetic Ni-N-Ni Centers in N-substituted NiO
• Heterogeneous teleportation with laser and quantum light sources
• Spin-spin interactions in solids from mixed all-electron and pseudopotential calculations $-$ a path to screening materials for spin qubits
• Modeling and Deciphering on Two Spin-polariton Entanglement Experiments in NV Centers of Diamond
• Bright high-purity quantum emitters in aluminium nitride integrated photonics