Nuclear Spin Engineering for Quantum Information Science

Abstract

Semiconductors are the backbone of modern technology, garnering decades of investment in high quality materials and devices. Electron spin systems in semiconductors, including atomic defects and quantum dots, have been demonstrated in the last two decades to host quantum coherent spin qubits, often with coherent spin-photon interfaces and proximal nuclear spins. These systems are at the center of developing quantum technology. However, new material challenges arise when considering the isotopic composition of host and qubit systems. The isotopic composition governs the nature and concentration of nuclear spins, which naturally occur in leading host materials. These spins generate magnetic noise -- detrimental to qubit coherence -- but also show promise as local quantum memories and processors, necessitating careful engineering dependent on the targeted application. Reviewing recent experimental and theoretical progress towards understanding local nuclear spin environments in semiconductors, we show this aspect of material engineering as critical to quantum information technology.

13 pages, 5 figures

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• Magnetic Gradient Fluctuations from Quadrupolar ${}^{73}$Ge in Si/SiGe Exchange-Only Qubits
• A perspective on the pathway to a scalable quantum internet using rare-earth ions
• Real-time two-axis control of a spin qubit
• Isotopic enrichment of silicon by high fluence ${}^{28}$Si${}^{-}$ ion implantation
• Optical and spin coherence of Er${}^{3+}$ in epitaxial CeO${}_2$ on silicon
• Physics-informed tracking of qubit fluctuations
• Multiplexed Entanglement of Multi-emitter Quantum Network Nodes
• The formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in silicon
• Two-Photon Interference of Photons from Remote Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds