Indistinguishable telecom band photons from a single erbium ion in the solid state

Abstract

Atomic defects in the solid state are a key component of quantum repeater networks for long-distance quantum communication. Recently, there has been significant interest in rare earth ions, in particular Er${}^{3+}$ for its telecom-band optical transition, but their application has been hampered by optical spectral diffusion precluding indistinguishable single photon generation. In this work we implant Er${}^{3+}$ into CaWO${}_4$, a material that combines a non-polar site symmetry, low decoherence from nuclear spins, and is free of background rare earth ions, to realize significantly reduced optical spectral diffusion. For shallow implanted ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities with large Purcell factor, we observe single-scan optical linewidths of 150 kHz and long-term spectral diffusion of 63 kHz, both close to the Purcell-enhanced radiative linewidth of 21 kHz. This enables the observation of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between successively emitted photons with high visibility, measured after a 36 km delay line. We also observe spin relaxation times $T_1$ = 3.7 s and $T_2$ > 200 $\mu$s, with the latter limited by paramagnetic impurities in the crystal instead of nuclear spins. This represents a significant step towards the construction of telecom-band quantum repeater networks with single Er${}^{3+}$ ions.

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• Cavity enhanced emission from a silicon T center
• Frequency tunable, cavity-enhanced single erbium quantum emitter in the telecom band
• Optical single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon
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• Scalable microwave-to-optical transducers at single photon level with spins
• Detection of single ions in a nanoparticle coupled to a fiber cavity
• A perspective on the pathway to a scalable quantum internet using rare-earth ions
• Rational Design of Efficient Defect-Based Quantum Emitters
• Cavity-enhanced photon indistinguishability at room temperature and telecom wavelengths
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• Optical and spin coherence of Er${}^{3+}$ in epitaxial CeO${}_2$ on silicon
• Quantum networks using rare-earth ions
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• Reducing classical communication costs in multiplexed quantum repeaters using hardware-aware quasi-local policies
• Quantum Teleportation from Telecom Photons to Erbium-ion Ensembles
• Characterization of the spin and crystal field Hamiltonian of erbium dopants in silicon
• Nuclear Spin Engineering for Quantum Information Science
• Precision Multi-Mode Microwave Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic and Rare-Earth Ion Spin Defects in Single Crystal Calcium Tungstate
• Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers
• Room-temperature addressing of single rare-earth atoms in optical fiber
• Isolation of individual Er quantum emitters in anatase TiO${}_2$ on Si photonics
• Near-unity indistinguishability of single photons emitted from dissimilar and independent atomic quantum nodes
• Quantum interferences and gates with emitter-based coherent photon sources
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• Nanoscale positioning and in-situ enhancement of single G center in silicon using a fluorescence-localization technique
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• Refining spectroscopic calculations for trivalent lanthanide ions: a revised parametric Hamiltonian and open-source solution
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• Nanocavity-mediated Purcell enhancement of Er in TiO${}_2$ thin films grown via atomic layer deposition
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• Narrow magneto-optical transitions in Erbium implanted silicon carbide-on-insulator
• Incoherent Measurement of Sub-10 kHz Optical Linewidths
• One-Way Quantum Repeater with Rare-Earth-Ions Doped in Solids
• Site-selective enhancement of Eu emission in delta-doped GaN
• Nuclear quadrupole interaction and zero first-order Zeeman transitions of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$ in CaWO${}_4$
• Collective Radiative Enhancement of Rare-Earth Ions in Lithium Niobate via Engineered LargeArea Nanohole Arrays
• Comparing the performance of practical two-qubit gates for individual ${}^{171}$Yb ions in yttrium orthovanadate